Colloque lille2017 sequence7b2-free-walk-housing-netherlands_galama_en
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Transcript of Colloque lille2017 sequence7b2-free-walk-housing-netherlands_galama_en
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Development and sustainability of Free Walk housing in the Netherlands
February 23 2017, Lille France WUR: Paul Galama, H.J. van Dooren, W. Ouweltjes, H. de Boer
NIZO: Frank Driehuis
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Animal welfare and
manure qualityLabour efficiency
Why Free Walk (Bedded Pack Barns)?
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Why Bedded Pack Barns?
Lying area is also manure storage
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Sustainability
Animal welfare & healthEconomics
Environment
Quality
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Environment Manure quality
Compost and
Wooden chips
Input NPC
Emissionland
Emissionstable
Emission of NPC
N2N20NH3CH4
Freestall
BeddedPackBarn
export NPC
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Experiments on 3 regional farms
Drainage with sandComposting: wooden chips an sawdust
Absorbing with peat ground and reed Cows in Green house with folie
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Monitoring 10 commercial farms; 5 are composting wood chips
1. Blowing air 2. Blowing air
5. No aerating3. Suckling air 4. Suckling air
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four using green waste compost one cultivates straw
10 Straw
Farms 6 to 9
use compost
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Composting ...
once a day mill the bedding
12 – 15 m2 per cow
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Aerating system,Blowing air
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Aerating system,Suckling air
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Bedding material used on grassland and arable land
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Roof from horticulture
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Farm characteristics
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Number of cows 60 130 50 105 75 55 185 80 15 65
M2 per cow 16 15 13 14 10 22 27 9 20 11
Bedding material W W W W W C C C C SAeration B B S S N
Milking system AMS AMS AMS AMS AMS AMS
Grazing No Yes Yes No No Yes No No No Yes
Bedding material
W = wood chips
C = Compost
S = Straw
Aeration system
B = blowing air
S = sucking air
N = no aeration
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Sustainability
Animal welfare & health
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Animal health (Mastitis), SCC (*1000 cells/ml)
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Longevity
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Animal welfare and health
Welfare Bedded pack vs freestallTime required to lie +Hygiene 0/+Skin injuries ++Legs and claws +Natural behaviour +HealthUdder health 0Antibiotics usage 0Longevity +?
Temperature sensor
No heat stress from
heat production bedding
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Sustainability
Economics
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Economic effect of lower culling rate
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Economics bedded pack barns
Bedded pack barn vs freestallInvestment manure storage -Investment roof ++Total investment +Yearly costs stable and bedding +
higher production per cow +lower replacement --Total yearly cost -
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Sustainability
Quality
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Risk of sporeforming bacteria for milk quality
(X)TAS = (Extreme) Thermofilic Aerobe Sporenformers
XTAS can lead to spoilage problems of commercially sterile dairy products
Route of (X)TAS
Compost
Woodchips
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XTAS in bedding materials (cfu / gram on log scale)
variation between samples
Together to the next level
02468
10121416
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Nu
mb
erof
sam
ple
s
XTAS-Class
Sawdust / straw
02468
10121416
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Aan
talm
onst
ers
XTAS -Class
Wood chips
012345678
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Aan
talm
onst
ers
XTAS-Class
GFT-compost
Source: NIZO
Directive Dairy Industry: log 5
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TAS in milk (Source NIZO)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1 2 3 4
TAS
in m
ilk (
cfu
/ li
ter)
sawdust freestall wood compost straw
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Sustainability
Environment
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Contribution of bedding material to net N input on the barn floor
WC = wood chips, GWC = Green Waste Compost
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Range in N loss (% of total N-input)
30
19%
35%
40% 40%
44%
63%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
1 WC 3 WC 4 WC 5 WC 8 GWC 9 GWC
Gaseou
s N lo
ss (%
of N
excreted on
the ba
rn floo
r)
Barn code
WC = wood chipsGWC = green waste compost
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Low N loss with active composting
31
‐30
‐20
‐10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2‐11‐13 12‐12‐13 21‐01‐14 2‐03‐14 11‐04‐14 21‐05‐14 30‐06‐14 9‐08‐14 18‐09‐14 28‐10‐14
N lo
ss (%
of N
excreted on
the
barn flo
or)
Date
Active composting Passive composting
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Intensive composting: strong relationship between development of N loss and C/N ratio (1)
32
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
‐25
‐20
‐15
‐10
‐5
0
5
10
13‐11‐13 13‐12‐13 13‐01‐14 13‐02‐14 13‐03‐14 13‐04‐14 13‐05‐14 13‐06‐14 13‐07‐14
C/N ra
tio bed
ding
N lo
ss (%
of N
excreted on
the
barn flo
or)
Date
N loss C/N ratio bedding
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Overall sustainability
Sustainabilityaspect
Criteria Wood chips5 farms
Compost4 farms
Straw1 farm
Economics investment
Yearly costs
longevity
Cow Production, health
Welfare
Milk quality XTAS
Environment N losses stable Prohibited
N losses land
Ammonia emission stable 2 farms andDairy Campus
Nitrous oxide emission
Manure Quality Soil Improver
N mineralisation
betterattention neededworse
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Change of beddingUse of compost is prohibited, now straw
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Conclusions
Free Walk housing can be profitable if bedding material is not too expensive and cow replacement will be reduced
“Intensive” composting can reduce the N-loss of the bedding by incorperation of excreted N in bacterial biomass
Ammonia emission in stable uncertain until end of 2017, but emission in the field is lower
“Composted wood chips / manure” is a good soil improver, but N will release slowly
(X)TAS bacteria is a point of attention
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Points to continue
Bedding material and management● Alternative for Green Waste Compost● Control composting process of wood chips● Emission factor (kg NH3/cow/year)
Synthetic floors● Hygiëne floor / cow and milk quality● Emission factor (kg NH3/cow/year)
Sustainability of whole farming system Multiple use of building
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Draining floorDraining artificial floor
Feces
Urine
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Seperating feces and urine on rubber floor
Feces
Urine
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...artificial floor...
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“Cowgarden” and floor cleaning robot
Floor from ID Agro (Netherlands)
Robot from Betebe (Germany)
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Artificial floor
to seperate feces and urine
robot picks up the feces
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Dairy Campus facilities in Leeuwarden
Emission measuring unitfor case control research6 units of 15 cows:- 4 Cubicles- 2 Free Walk
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Meadow floor
...to reduce ammonia emission while improving cowmobility..
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aerating
...to mix slurry and reduce ammonia emission...
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Sustainability
Animal welfareEconomics
Environment
Quality
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Free WalkHolistic View
Animal welfareEconomics
Environment
Cow
Soil
NPC balanceFarm Manure
‘Compost’
Quality
Free WalkHolistic View
Animal welfare
SocietySociety
Economics
Environment
Cow
Soil
NPC balanceFarm
Quality
Manure‘Compost’
Crop Bio-diversity
Bio-diversity
Soil fertility Multiple use of building
ERANET-Susan project with8 countries (2017-2020)