Colloque ENSM, Marseille, 17-18 January 2012
Transcript of Colloque ENSM, Marseille, 17-18 January 2012
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Contents
• Introduction
• CO2 emissions and future targets
• Energy efficiency and emission reduction
• Tankers
• Containerships
• Design and operational measures
• Determination of EEOI
Slide no. 2 Colloque, Marseille
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Marseille PAGE 3
Who we are
• The A.P. Moller - Maersk Group is a diversified conglomerate, founded in 1904 by Mr A.P. Møller
• 110,000 employees and operations in more than 130 countries
• Business segments: • Container shipping, Logistics
• Tankers
• Offshore supply
• Tugs, salvage
• Container terminals
• Drilling and FPSOs
• Oil and gas production
• Retail activities
• Other companies
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S.S. Svendborg, 1904: first vessel in the Maersk fleet
Robert Maersk, 1920: first vessel delivered by Odense Steel
Shipyard
Leise Maersk, 1921: first motor vessel delivered by OSS
Emma Maersk, 1928: first tanker in the fleet
Gertrude Maersk, 1930: first purpose built liner vessel (OSS)
Henning Maersk, 1945: first fully welded vessel (OSS)
Eli Maersk, 1966: first ship with waste heat
recovery system (OSS)
Historical development of the Maersk fleet
Slide no. 4
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Eleo Maersk, 1993: world’s first double hull
tanker (OSS)
Svendborg Maersk, 1974: first container
ship (1815 TEU)
Novel vessels in the Maersk fleet
World records in shipuilding:
• Regina Mærsk: 1996, official capacity 6,000 TEU
• Sovereign Mærsk: 1997, official capacity 6,600 TEU
• Emma Mærsk: 2006, capacity 15,500 TEU
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Ambitious Targets on GHG Reductions …
Relative emission targets
• Maersk Line:
25% reduction of g CO2 per
TEU-km from 2007 to 2020
• Maersk Tankers:
15% reduction per tonne-
km from 2007 to 2015
50
60
70
80
90
100
2007 2008 2009 2010
CO
2 in
dex w
rt
20
07
% CO2 per TEU-km since 2007 Maersk Line fleet
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Hull form optimization
Reference Hull
Optimized Hull,
Bulbous Bow
Optimized Hull,
Vertical Bow
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Reference Vessel
New Vessel
Bulbous Bow
New Vessel
Vertical Bow
Bulbous Bow: Minimize Wave Restistance
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Optimized Aft Body Improves Wake Field
Wake Field for Reference Vessel
• Large variation in wake velocities in way of
Propeller Disk.
Wake Field for New Aft Body
• Reduced variation in wake velocities in way of
Propeller Disk ensures better propeller design
and performance
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Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)
Formula:
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000
EED
I [g
-CO
2 /
DW
T-n
m]
DWT [tonnes]
IMO EEDI Base Line - Tankers
IMO EEDI Base Line for Tankers
Reference Vessel - MAERSK EDWARD
K-Class Vessels
R-Class Vessels
New Vessel - Bulbous Bow
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Innovation projects on the Maersk fleet
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Laura Maersk
HT Pump optimization
Roy Maersk
CLT Propeller
Maersk Kalmar
Biofuel
Olivia Maersk
Air lubrication
Alexander Maersk
Exhaust gas recirculation
Gudrun Maersk
Main eng. cooling systems
Clementine Maersk
CRS autologging and
performance prediction
Maersk Attender
Crane pendulation
Maersk Belfast
Water based hydraulics
Thurø Maersk
BWTS testing
Maersk Kendal
Ventilation optimization
Jeppesen Maersk
Auto-tuning of main engine
Emma Maersk
Aux. engine waste
heat
Arthur Maersk
Cylinder lube oil reduction
Maersk Kate
Propeller boss cap fin
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Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator
EEOI = gCO2/tonne x nm
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Considerations for setting
targets
• Fuel efficiency
• Utilization
• Operational efficiency
• Asset management
• Time chartered fleet
• Baseline data
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Commercial
Utilisation # fixtures
Speed Assets
Operational
Speed Harbour Efficiency
Virtual Arrival
distance
Technical Fuel Efficiency Optimization Innovation
EEOI
grams CO2 tonnes cargo × distance
tonnes cargo
grams CO2
Slide no. 13 Colloque, Marseille
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Speed and drafts of one vessel during 1 year
Average speed
Average draft
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EEOI (1 months)
EEOI (voyage leg)
EEOI of one vessel during 1 year
1 month EEOI
12 month EEOI
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Average fleet EEOI
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• Suggest 12 month rolling average per vessel
• Methodology for inputs to be confirmed
• Any particular vessel is rated against pool average
• Maersk Tankers is working with other Tanker companies to create an online EEOI
database with a rating scheme similar to current one on www.shippingefficiency.org
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1, 6 and 12 month average for all vessels in same segment
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Energy Efficiency - Examples of how we minimize Energy Consumption of the Fleet
Systems (~5%) Electronically controlled engine Auto tuning of main engines Pumps and ventilation systems De-rating of main engine Turbo-charger cut out
Operation (~5%) Voyage Planning and Execution Vessel Performance Management Service - Optimisation of main and auxiliary engines
- Minimising of basic load consumption
- Optimisation of cylinder oil consumption
- Monitoring of antifouling paint
- Cleaning of hull and propeller
Optimum trim guidance for all vessel classes
Ballast water optimisation
New buildings (~20%) Waste Heat Recovery System Super long stroke engines Hull and propeller optimised for
operational profile
Reefer Containers Low energy reefer containers ~ 30% saving per reefer container
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• Recover approx. 10% of engine
output
• Reduction of fuel consumption and
exhaust gas emissions by 10%
Waste heat recovery from main engine
Slide no. 18 Colloque, Marseille
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Maersk Line – Super Slow Steaming development
• Although the full rollout of Super Slow
Steaming was introduced fleet wide in
January 2009, the process had started two
years earlier, as shown above.
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Operational profile vinter 2007/8
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0 12 16 18 20 22 23 24 25 26
Vessel speed [kn]
Pe
rce
nt
op
era
tin
g h
rs
Operational profile vinter 2008/9
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0 12 15 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Vessel speed [kn]
Pe
rce
nt
op
era
tin
g h
rs
Index
Capacity per vessel, TEU*km 100
Yearly FOC per vessel 100
NOx emission g/[TEU*km] 100
Index
Capacity per vessel, TEU*km 91,4
Yearly FOC per vessel 80,7
NOx emission g/[TEU*km] 87,5
Ex 1: Actual operational data winter 2007-2008 Average of 8 vessels over 6 months Average speed 22.1 kn
Ex 2: Actual operational data winter 2008-2009 Averaged over 6 months Average speed 20.2 kn
• Slow steaming does not exclude sailing at higher speeds – speed
reserve is necessary to compensate for delays or conduct certain
network legs at high speed. Flexibility is key.
Slow Steaming: change in engine load profile
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Sulfur regulations in 2015 and 2020 (2025*)
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
2027 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018
5.0
2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2017 2010 2009
4.5
4.0
3.5
2011
IMO Global
EU at berth
* 2020 reduction may be delayed to 2025 subject to review of fuel availability in 2018
** ECA areas comprise Baltics, North Sea and UK Channel. From Mid 2012 they also include North America
Year
Sulphur limit, %
Overview of main sulphur limit regulations
Order of magn.
cost increase for
fleet
(Mill USD/year)
$ x mill $x00 mill $x,000 mill
Mid 2012:
Expansion of ECA
to include NAM**
IMO Emission
Control Areas
(ECA)
Slide no. 21 Colloque, Marseille
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ECA Operation
• ECA Operation is defined as the average percentage of
time spent in an Emission Control Area, where it is
required to switch to Low Sulphur fuel (LSFO) or use
equivalent (abatement) measures to reduce SOx
emissions
• Abatement technologies allow continued operation with
HFO
• CAPEX, OPEX (increased fuel consumption)
• Two most common wet scrubber types: straight
through-flow and Venturi type:
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EEE Dimensions
• Length: 400 m
• Beam: 59 m
• Height: 73 m
• Capacity: 18,000 TEU
Slide no. 25 Colloque, Marseille
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EEE: Technology driven design • Larger block coefficient
• Hull lines optimized for operational profile
• Split machinery and accommodation
• Twin skeg design
• Super-long-stroke engines
• Waste heat recovery
• High efficiency pumps, ventilation, etc.
• 98% recyclable materials
Slide no. 26 Colloque, Marseille