Colegio particular (autoguardado)

PRIVATE SCHOOL IBEROAMERICANO

ENGLISH TENSES

NAME: VANESSA SOLANO

COURSE: 6TO “CONTABILIDAD”

TEACHER:OMAR INTRIAGO

SANTO DOMINGO, DECEMBER 26/12/2012

SIMPLE PRESENT

Definition:

The present simple or simple present is one of the most common

ways of expressing present time in English. The present simple is

used to describe things that are generally true, to describe things

that happen on a regular basis or to describe a series of events or

actions. It is also used in film reviews and plot summaries.

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We often use the simple present with adverbs of frequency like:

always usually, often, sometimes, never; and expressions of

frequency, for instance: everyday, once a month, every year.

The present simple is also used to talk about fixed arrangements in

the future; or to express the future after the conjunctions: as soon

as, after, when.

Structure:

subject + auxiliary verb

+ main verb

do base

There are three important exceptions:

1. For positive sentences, we do not normally use the auxiliary.

2. For the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), we add s to the main

verb or es to the auxiliary.

3. For the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary, even for

questions and negatives.

Examples:

Look at these examples with the main verb like:

subject auxiliary verb main verb

+ I, you, we, they

like coffee.

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He, she, it likes coffee.- I, you, we,

theydo not like coffee.

He, she, it does not like coffee.? Do I, you, we, they like coffee?

Does he, she, it like coffee?

I live in New York.

The Moon goes round the Earth.

John drives a taxi.

He does not drive a bus.

We meet every Thursday.

We do not work at night.

Do you play football?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Definition:

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Use the Present Continuous with Normal Verbs to express the idea

that something is happening now, at this very moment. It can also

be used to show that something is not happening now.

We use the present continuous tense to talk about:

action happening now

action in the future

Structure:

The structure of the present continuous tense is:


+ main verb

be base + ing

Examples:

Look at these examples:

subject auxiliary main

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verb verb+ I am speaking to you.+ You are reading this.- She is no

tstaying in London.

- We are not

playing football.

? Is he watching TV?? Are they waiting for John?

I am eating my lunch.

Muriel is learning to drive.

I am living with my sister until I find an apartment.

We're eating in a restaurant tonight. We've already booked the

table..

They can play tennis with you tomorrow. They're not working.

When are you starting your new job?

I'm meeting Katie in the evening.

He's flying to Rome in September.

We're not going anywhere tomorrow.

PRESENT PERFECT

Definition:

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The present perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary verb "has"

or "have" with the past participle.

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an

unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You

CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions

such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child,

when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We

CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as:

ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far,

already, yet, etc.

Structure:

The structure for positive sentences in the past present perfect is:


+ main verb

have past participle

The structure for negative sentences in the past present perfect is:


+ main verb

Haven’t past participle

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Examples:

Here are some examples of the present perfect tense:

subject auxiliary verb

main verb

+ I have seen ET.+ You have eaten mine.- She has no

tbeen to Rome.

- We have not

played football.

? Have you finished?? Have they done it?

You have seen that movie many times.

Have you seen that movie many times?

You have not seen that movie many times.

I have seen that movie twenty times.

I think I have met him once before.

There have been many earthquakes in California.

People have traveled to the Moon.

People have not traveled to Mars.

Have you read the book yet?

Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.

A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?

B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

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SIMPLE PAST

Definition:We use the Past Simple to talk about actions that happened at a

specific time in the past. The actions can be short or long. There can

be a few actions happening one ofter another.

Also use simple past when:

action in the past taking place once, never or several times

He visited his parents every weekend.

actions in the past taking place one after the other

Example: He came in, took off his coat and sat down.

action in the past taking place in the middle of another action

When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang.

if sentences type II (If I talked, …)

If I had a lot of money, I would share it with you.

Structure:

The structure for positive sentences in the past simple tense is:


+ main verb

Simple past

The structure for negative sentences in the past simple tense is:


+ main verb

Didn’t base

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The structure for question sentences in the past simple tense is:

auxiliary verb

+ subject + main verb

did base

The auxiliary verb did is not conjugated. It is the same for all

persons (I did, you did, he did etc). And the base form and past form

do not change. Look at these examples with the main

verbs go andwork:


main verb

+ I went to school.You worked very hard.

- She did not

go with me.

We did not

work yesterday.

? Did you go to London?Did they work at home?

Examples:

I didn't see a play yesterday.

Last year, I traveled to Japan.

Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.

Did you have dinner last night?

She washed her car.

He didn't wash his car.

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A: How long did you wait for them?

B: We waited for one hour.

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POST CONTINUOUS

Definition:Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past

was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the

Simple Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an

interruption in time.

The Past Continuous is interrupted by a shorter action in the Simple

Past. However, you can also use a specific time as an interruption.

In the Simple Past, a specific time is used to show when an action

began or finished. In the Past Continuous, a specific time only

interrupts the action.

Structure:

The structure of the past continuous tense is:

subject + auxiliary verb BE + main verbconjugated in simple past tense present

participlewaswere

base + ing

For negative sentences in the past continuous tense, we

insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question

sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. Look at

these example sentences with the past continuous tense:

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main verb

+ I was watching TV.+ You were working hard.- He, she, it was no

thelping Mary.

- We were not

joking.

? Were you being silly?? Were they playing footbal

l

Examples:

I was watching TV when she called.

When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.

While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.

What were you doing when the earthquake started?

I was listening to my iPod, so I didn't hear the fire alarm.

You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven

off.

While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.

Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane.

While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly went off.

A: What were you doing when you broke your leg?

B: I was snowboarding.

Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.

At midnight, we were still driving through the desert.

Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work.

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PAST PERFECTDefinition:

We use the Past Perfect tense to emphasize that an action in the

past finished before another action in the past started. This tense is

also used in reported speech, third conditional sentences, or to

show dissatisfaction with the past.

We use the past present tense to talk about:

Completed action before another action in the past, use of this

tense is to emphasize that one action in the past happened

before another action in the past.

Third conditional sentences.

Reported speech

Dissatisfaction with the past

Structure:

The structure of the past perfect tense is:

subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verbconjugated in simple past tense past

participlehad V3

For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between

the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange

the subject and auxiliary verb. Look at these example sentences with

the past perfect tense:

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main verb

+ I had finished my work.+ You had stopped before me.- She had no

tgone to school.

- We had not

left.

? Had you arrived?? Had they eaten dinner?

Examples:

I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to

Kauai.

I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.

Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city

several times.

Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?

She only understood the movie because she had read the

book.

Kristine had never been to an opera before last night.

We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not

booked in advance.

A: Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006?

B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before.

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WOULD LIKE TO

Definition:

“Would like to” is always accompanied by an infinitive, are

constructed by inverting the auxiliary and the subject.

“Would like to” refers to something more concrete. Often used as an

offer, or ask for something.

would is the same for all persons...We generally use it with the first

person singular: I'd like = I would like is a polite way of saying what

you want.

Structure:

Would like + subject + (infinitive) + to + verb (infinitive)

Subject + would + bare infinitive

('d) contraction

I would like a drink.

You would like a mineral.

He /She /It would like some water.

We /they would like a good wine.

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What + would + subject like?

Which wine would you like?

Which vegetables

would you like?

Which brand would you like?

Examples:

Would you like to go the cinema?

Would you like to come?

I’d like some coffee, would you like some too?

Would you like a chocolate?

Would you like to go to the cinema this evening?

She’d like to speak with you for a moment.

What would you like to do this weekend?

I like Cuban cigars.

I'd like a Cuban cigar.

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FUTURE WITH WILL

Definition:

Will future expresses a spontaneous decision, an assumption with

regard to the future or an action in the future that cannot be

influenced.

Use of will Future

a spontaneous decision

Example: Wait, I will help you.

an opinion, hope, uncertainty or assumption regarding the

future

Example: He will probably come back tomorrow.

a promise

Example: I will not watch TV tonight.

an action in the future that cannot be influenced

Example: It will rain tomorrow.

conditional clauses type I

Example: If I arrive late, I will call you.

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Structure:

Positive

Subject + [WILL + Infinitive verb] + Complement

Negative

Subject + [WILL NOT (WON'T)+ Infinitive verb] + Complement

Question

Question Word + [WILL + Subject + Infinitive verb] + Complement

Examples:

Tom will never get married.

She will pay you next week.

It won’t rain today

Seth and Tom won’t come to class today.

I won’t be late anymore.

What will you study?

Will Maria live in Spain?

How long will Mark stay in Peru?

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FUTURE: BE GOING TO

Definition:

Going to future expresses a conclusion regarding the immediate

future or an action in the near future that has already been planned

or prepared.

Structure:

Subject + to be + going to + infinitive

Positive

Subject Verb To be Going to Infinitive

I Am

Going to

dance

He / She / It Is Study

We / You / They Are Go shopping

Negative

Subject Verb To be + not Going to Infinitive

I Am not

Going to

Clean

He / She / It Is not (isn’t) Cook

We / You / They Are not (aren’t) travel

Question

Question Word Verb To Be Subject Going to Infinitive

What Am not I Do

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Going toWhere Is not (isn’t) He / She / It Go

—————– Are not (aren’t) We / You / They travel

Examples:

Maria’s going to travel this holiday.

They’re going to go to a very expensive restaurant.

I’m going to come home late.

I’m not going to go to the party.

Juan isn’t going to work today.

They aren’t going to stay at that hotel.

What are you going to do later?

What is she going to cook?

Are they going to attend the meeting?

Where is Maria going to study?

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INDICESIMPLE PRESENT................................................................................2

PRESENT CONTINUOUS.....................................................................4

PRESENT PERFECT............................................................................6

SIMPLE PAST.......................................................................................8

POST CONTINUOUS..........................................................................10

PAST PERFECT..................................................................................12

WOULD LIKE TO.................................................................................14

FUTURE WITH WILL...........................................................................16

FUTURE: BE GOING TO....................................................................18

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