COLD WAR .PPT
description
Transcript of COLD WAR .PPT
1945 – 1960
A World At War
SUBMITTED BY: KEN CHRISTIAN SARCAUGA III- JADE
United States by population 2000 Census
United States by Land Area
How to split Germany
Roosevelt in Charge“I know you will not mind my being brutally
frank when I tell you that I can personally handle Stalin”FDR 1945
“Uncle Joe”
“Germany is finished the real problem is Russia, I can’t get the Americans to see it”Churchill 1945
At the Yalta Conference
Beginning Problems
Length of War 1945-1991
Yalta Conference
Video (We didn’t start the fire)
Beginning Problems
Creation of the United Nations
Truman takes control
Potsdam Conference
Soviet UnionSecurity Concerns
Satellite Nations
Iron Curtain
Countries InvolvedAlbania and Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Hungary and Romania
East Germany
Finland and Yugoslavia
World Response
America Responds
Intensification
Marshall Plan
End Depression
Intensification
Berlin Airlift
Children
Operation Little Vittles
•Uncle Wiggly Wings
Gail Halvorsen
•250,000 miniature parachutes
Intensification
NATO
Collective Security
Warsaw Pact
Intensification
Fall of China
Life at Home
Bomb Shelters
Loyalty Programs
Iraqi Economy
Korea
The Forgotten War
Korea
The 38th Parallel
UN response
Korea
North Korea Advances
United Nations Counter- Attack
Chinese Counter- Attack
Korea
Furthest Advances•Home by Christmas
Korea
Fall of MacArthur
Korea
Effects
Military Industrial Complex
Spies
Hollywood Ten
The House Un-American Activities CommitteeHUAC
Spies
Alger Hiss
Rosenburgs
McCarthyism
List of 205
Secretary of State George Marshall
Fall of McCarthy
Army-McCarthy hearings
Remained in Senate
Cold War in 1950’s
Southeast Asia
Vietnam
Containment continues
Israel
Created state in 1948
Iran
Egypt
Latin America
Rio Pact
Organization of American States
Escalation?
Whole world involved
Arms Race
Deterrence
Brinkmanship
In the skies
ICBM’s
Sputnik
U-2 Incident
Improve your knowledgeYalta was the the penultimate of the
wartime allied conferences. It dealt mainly with the settlement of post-war Europe.
Allegedly FD Roosevelt was too ill to withstand Stalin’s demands, and his successor, Harry S Truman, took a tougher line. By by the time of the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, the West had the bomb and were anxious to restrict Russia.
YALTA (in the USSR)YALTA (in the USSR)Date: Feb 1945Date: Feb 1945
Present: Churchill, Present: Churchill, Roosevelt and StalinRoosevelt and Stalin
POTSDAM (Germany)POTSDAM (Germany)Date: July 1945Date: July 1945
Present: Churchill, Present: Churchill, Truman and StalinTruman and Stalin
Improve your knowledgeThe Russians took very high casualties to
capture Berlin in May 1945. They spent the early occupation trying to take over all zones of the city but were stopped by German democrats such as Willy Brandt and Konrad Adenauer. Reluctantly the Russians had to admit the Americans, French and British to their respective zones.
Iron CurtainIron Curtain – – A term used by A term used by Winston Winston
Churchill Churchill to describe the to describe the separating of separating of Those Those
communistcommunistlands of East lands of East Europe from Europe from
the the West. West.
Improve your knowledgeThe nuclear bomb gave America a lead
which was expected to last at least 5 years. The rapid Russian development of nuclear technology, helped by the work of the “atom spies” was a shock.
Significantly, Russia hurriedly declared war against Japan at the beginning of August 1945 and rushed to advance into Asia to stake out a position for the post-war settlement. This helped make both the Korean and Vietnamese conflicts more likely.
Improve your knowledge
Truman had been horrified at the pre-war Allied policy of appeasement and was determined to stand upto any Soviet intimidation.
The Truman Doctrine in March 1947 promised that the USA “would support free peoples who are resisting subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures”. Triggered by British inability to hold the line in Greece, it was followed by aid to Greece and Turkey, and also money to secure upcoming elections in Italy and the advance of Communist trade unions in France.
It signalled the end of “isolationst” policies.
Improve your knowledgeThe Marshall Plan reflected the strength of the
US economy and offered huge sums to enable the war shattered economies of Europe to rebuild and, by generating prosperity, to reject the appeal of Communism, Czechoslovakia showed interest in receiving Marshall Aid but was blocked by Russia.
The Soviet system was as much dependent upon creating a self-contained economic bloc as it was in maintaining a repressive political system.
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West Berlin, as an outpost of Western democracy and economic success deep within the Communist zone, was both a nest of spies for both sides and a constant challenge to the Soviets.
The Berlin Blockade was an attempt to starve the city into submission and the Allied airlift signalled the West’s determination to use all resources to defend Berlin.
Thereafter, it was accepted by both sides that Berlin would act as the trigger for general war. Any Russian invasion would be followed by conflict with the considerable Allied forces camped permanently on the plain of West Germany. Both sides finding Europe too dangerous a site for confrontation, looked elsewhere to compete.
Improve your knowledgeThe “Red Scare”, launched by Senator
Joe McCarthy, dominated US politics for several years 1948-53 and helped pressure Truman into the Korean War, a costly and ultimately stalemated conflict. Given the suddeness of the fall of China, the development of the Soviet bomb, and the shocking performance of the Western secret services, the level of panic is understandable.
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Truman restricted his ant-Soviet policy to one of “containment”, resisting the advance of Communism into South Korea. After some hesitation he resisted his Commander, Gen Douglas MacArthur’s attempt to “roll-back” Communism by invading North Korea and China.
MacArthur was dismissed but Truman’s successors continued to be drawn into conflicts of containment for the rest of the cold war. The beginning of the Korean War also highlighted the failings of the United Nations.
Up to 1950, Russia and America had respectively blocked each other’s iniatives by using their veto powers in the Security Council. Because the Russian delegates were boycotting the UN in 1950, Truman was able to condemn the Communist invasion of S Korea and to set up a counter-attack under the banner of the UN. In contrast to the pre-War League of Nations, at least this ensured that the UN would, in future, be able to deploy force in international disputes.
THE END