Cold War

Chapter 18 section 1

Allies Clash U.S. and Soviet Union = Rival superpowers after

war Both could Influence world

Americans / Soviets became more suspicious of each other A bitter rivalry starts

Stalin angry U.S. did not attack Europe quick enough Secret of the Atomic Bomb

Soviet Communism vs American Capitalism State controls all property and economy Totalitarian gov. with no opposing parties

Vs.

Voting by the people elected the president and a congress from competing political parties.

United Nations

Created at the end of WWII April 25, 1945

Representative – 50 Nations Establish Peacekeeping Body 2 months of debate

Arena to compete for the two super powers – spread influence over every one else

Potsdam Conference

July 1945 = Germany Final wartime conference Big 3 = Clement, Truman, Stalin

Take reparations from own occupation zones

Spreading of democracy Right to self determination (each country could

chose what type of gov. they wanted)

U.S./ Soviet Union very powerful Enormous economic / military strength

European goals for U.S. and Soviet Union

U.S. Let all countries decide

what they want to be Gain access to raw

materials Rebuild european gov.

so U.S. could trade with them

Reunite Germany

SovietsEstablish

communismControl eastern

Europe to keep U.S. influence out

Keep Germany divided and weak

Soviet Union Soviet Union = Huge losses from WWII

20+ million deaths ½ of them were civilians

Felt justified in claims to Eastern Europe as a result of WWII

Installed communist governments Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and

Poland

Were called Satellite Nations = Dominated by the Soviets

Containment

Stop “Babysitting the Soviets” said Truman

Containment Prevent any extension of communist

rule to other countries

Europe = 2 political regions Democratic Western Europe Communist Eastern Europe

Iron Curtain Division of Europe

Cold War

Cold War = 1945 - 1991 Conflicting U.S. and Soviet aims in Eastern Europe

Never directly confronting each other No shots ever fired

Truman Doctrine “It must be the policy of the U.S. to support free

people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures”

Giving aid to countries who where threatened to be taken over

Greece / Turkey $400 million

Marshall Plan

June 1947George Marshall = Sec. of State

Provide aid to all European Nations that needed it Europe in Chaos

Factories bombed Millions living in refugee camps Bitter winter 1946-47

Damaged crops Frozen rivers – transportation – fuel shortage

Helped the economy in W. Europe

Superpowers struggle over Germany

Struggle over Germany Split into 4 zones at end of War

1948 Britain, France, U.S. = Combined zones

Western Berlin was occupied by the French Soviets surrounded Berlin

Stalin wants all of Berlin 1948 --- closed all highway and rail routes into West Berlin No food or fuel could reach the W. Berlin citizens Only enough food to last for 5 weeks

Berlin Airlift Fly in food / Supplies = 327 days 227,000 flights --- 2.3 million tons of supplies 1949 = Soviets lifted blockade

NATO April 4, 1949 = Defensive Military alliance

North Atlantic Treaty Organization = NATO Soviet Union not in it 28 Countries today

Military support to one another

1st U.S. alliance during peacetime

Standing military = 500,000 troops

Thousands of planes, tanks, and supplies