Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Marilyn Walker

Ruben Arellano

Jessica Born

Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)

CBT is a form of treatment that combines the elements of Behavior Therapy (BT) and Cognitive Therapy (CT)

• BT examines the way your actions affect your mental health

• CT looks at the way your thoughts about yourself and others do the same thing

When used together as part of a combined treatment, CBT examines the way your thoughts, behaviors, and emotions influence each other and your overall mental health

History of CBT• Pioneered by Dr. Aaron T. Beck in the 1960’s

while he was a psychiatrist at the University of Pennsylvania

• Dr. Beck designed and carried out experiments to test psychoanalytic concepts of depression

• He found that depressed patients experienced streams of negative thoughts and named these cognitions “automatic thoughts”

“Automatic Thoughts”• Critical thoughts that you frequently think

and say to yourself. • Thoughts which sabotage your success &

happiness• Thoughts which make you feel sad or

anxious• Can occur consciously or without any

awareness that you’re thinking them. “I don’t deserve anything good happening to me.” “Why bother trying, I’m just going to fail.”

A New Concept of Depression

Common Distortions

• Overgeneralization: Making broad negative conclusions about life based on limited situations

• Minimization and magnification: Discounting the positive and enlarging the negative

• Arbitrary inferences: Making negative conclusions based on little evidence

• Selective abstractions: Focusing on one negative detail instead of the larger picture

• Personalization: Identifying yourself as the cause of a negative event, whether it’s true or not

Goals of CBT• To challenge clients to confront their

faulty beliefs with contradictory evidence that they gather and evaluate

• Help clients seek out their dogmatic beliefs and minimize them

• Help clients become aware of automatic thoughts and learn to change them

CBT is effective for treating:• Anorexia

• Anger Management• ADHD• Anxiety disorder• Bipolar disorder• Bulimia• Depression• Drug & alcohol

problems• Hypochondria• Impulse control

• Obsessive-compulsive disorder

• Pain disorder• Panic disorder• Phobias• Post-traumatic stress• Relationship problems• Schizophrenia• Sleep disorders• Social anxiety• Social phobia

Albert Ellis -REBT

• Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy• REBT views humans beings as ‘responsibly hedonistic’ in the

sense that they strive to remain alive and to achieve some degree of happiness. However, it also holds that humans are prone to adopting irrational beliefs and behaviors which stands in the way of them achieving their goals and purposes.

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• Stresses thinking, judging, deciding, analyzing, doing - all done by the client.

• REBT assumes that emotions and our behaviors interact and have a reciprocal cause-and-effect relationship.

• Highly didactic, very direct, and feels that thinking is as important as feeling.

• Teaches us that our emotions stem mainly from our beliefs, evaluations, interpretations, and reactions to real life situations.

REBT









Beck’s Cognitive Triad

As relating to Depression1. Clients have negative views of themselves2. Selective Abstraction(world we live in is a bad place)3. Clients see no good in their future



The A-B-C Theory of Personality

The theory believes:A. That there is an Activating EventB. Belief client believesC. Consequences (for our actions)


are needed to see this picture.3 Phases of Behavioral Change

1. Self-observation2. Starting a new dialogue

3. Learning new skills

CBT Use for LCDC and Clients

1. Can reduce the availability to drug or trigger mechanism.

2. Promotes non use of drug with a positive and negative consequences risk.

3. Helps with a relapse plan.4. Helps identify thoughts about the substance.


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Donald Meichenbaums CBM

• Developed CBM technique

(dysfunctional self-talk)• Emphasis is on acquiring coping skills• Believes distressing emotions are typically the results of maladaptive thoughts





Criticisms of CBT

1. Seems to confuse symptoms of depression with cognitive causes

2. Negative views of traumatic experience are normal and this therapy focuses on reframing reality rather than changing it

3. Positive self-evaulations can be more destructive4. Doesn’t answer the question of why an individual

chooses ‘self-blaming’ bias opposed to ‘self-serving’ bias





Summary

ReferencesSun, K. (March, 2, 2009). Four Drawbacks of

Cognitive Therapy. Psychology Today. Retrieved from http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-justice-and-responsibility-league/200903/four-drawbacks-cognitive-therapy

Miller, Geraldine A. (2005). Learning the Language of Addiction Counseling, 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.

Wood, Jeffrey C. Psy.D. and Wood, Minnie RN,NP. (2008). Therapy 101: A Brief Look at Modern Psychotherapy Techniques & How They Can Help. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, Inc.

http://www.beckinstitute.org

http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-justice-and-responsibility-league/200903/four-drawbacks-cognitive-therapy



http://www.beckinstitute.org/

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

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