Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness
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Transcript of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness
in Addiction Treatment
Tony Pacione, LCSW, CSADC
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Objectives
On our Slate for today… Why CBT/Mindfulness for addictions? Role of automatic thoughts Identifying and changing thought patterns Self management of mood, and craving states Understand and Define Mindfulness Meditation (Dr.
Angres) For HRC… Implement CBT and Mindfulness Disclaimers…
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In Early Recovery, Cover Your…
A
S
S
ccountability
tructure
upport
Pacione and Buino, 2009
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Accountability…
… for WHAT you are responsible in recovery
Understanding your thoughts
Identifying thinking patterns
Willingness to change ineffective thinking
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Structure…
… HOW you achieve your goals in recovery
Thought log
Challenging thoughts
‘Acting as if’ strategies
Meditation/mindfulness techniques
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Support …
…WHO will support your efforts
Treatment Counselors
Sponsor
Therapist
Psychiatrist
Self-help
Family/friends
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Cognition
How thoughts are:
– Formed
– Maintained
– Discontinued
– Intensity of thoughts
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Cognitive Schema: A Beck, 1993
Automatic Thoughts
(Mental) Reactions to situations
– Real
– Imaginary/perceived
– Anticipatory
Association among feelings, mood, and beliefs, behaviors
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Cognitive Schema
Conditional Beliefs
More general than automatic thoughts
– Boolean logic: “If… than; and/or”
Assumptions
Roles/expectations
Attitudes/values
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Cognitive Schema
More general than conditional beliefs Strongly held beliefs, underlying assumptions
about who we are and our world Develop early in life and are often reinforced as
we age Can become a ‘filter’ for interpreting life
experiences (“self-fulfilling prophecies”) Can be identified and changed!
Core Beliefs(Self Efficacy)
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Cognitive Schema: Core Beliefs
Two ‘varieties’ of defective core beliefs - Beck 1993
1. Un-lovable unworthy; irrelevant; needy; self-centered
2. Incompetent defective; helpless; failure; screw-up
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The Complete Cognitive Schema
Relevant Childhood and Developmental data:
Core Beliefs:
Conditional assumptions (if/then):
Compensatory Strategy:
Situation:
Automatic Thoughts:
Emotions:
Behavior:
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Cognitive Restructuring
1. Observe thoughts
2. Identify thinking patterns
3. Identify cognitive distortions
4. Challenge cognitive distortions
5. Construct alternative thoughts/beliefs
6. Complete cognitive schema
7. Behavioral Experiments (“act as if”)
8. Validate (#1)
(DPW3 = GTH)
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Thought Record (Steps 1-2) 42 y/o female alcoholic
Situation/Event Automatic Thought Related FeelingRating Mood and Desire/Craving (1-10)
I fought with my husband overmissing our son's basketball gameto attend an AA meeting.
“He is not supportingmy recovery."
Anger FrustrationMisunderstood 6
My husband invites me to his holiday work party; I remember last year’s party whenI had leave because I was sointoxicated.
“I am an embarrassment to my husband and a bad wife.
GuiltDepression 8
My sister is hosting the holidaydinner this year and asks me tomake a run to the liquor store to buythe supplies for the event.
“She is insensitive andPutting me in a badposition for a relapse.”
AngerHurt 6
I tell me boss I’ve beenstruggling with my recovery and hereally wants to help me get sober.
“I am a bad employee for letting my drinking affectmy work.”
FrustrationGuilt 8
I’m celebrating my son’s birthday, and realize I’ve missed many of hisachievements and milestones because of my drinking
“I am a bad mother forletting him down for solong.”
GuiltDepression 10
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Common Cognitive Distortions (Step 3)
Dichotomous thinking
Overgeneralization
Mental filters
Jumping to conclusions
‘Catastrophizing’
Emotional reasoning
Personalization
Burns, D. 1999
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Thought Record- Cognitive Distortions (Steps 3) 42 y/o female alcoholic
Overgeneralization and catastrophizing
Emotional reasoning and dichotomous thinking
Catastrophizing
Emotional reasoning and dichotomous thinking
Emotional reasoning and dichotomous thinking
“He is not supporting my recovery.”
“I am an embarrassment to my husband and a bad wife.”
“She is insensitive and putting me in a bad position for a relapse.”
“I am a bad employee for letting my drinking affect my work.”
“I am a bad mother for letting him down for so long.”
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Challenging Automatic Thoughts(Steps 4-5) Using I.C.E. to cool off ‘Hot’ thoughts
I – Identify/rate the thought
C – Challenge the thought
E – Evaluate/re-rate the truthfulness of the thought
A. Pacione, 2003
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I.C.E.(Steps 4-5)
I didn’t attend a single one of his basketball games last season, when all the other mothers were there.
I realized I had a problem and sought treatment; If I am sober I can be there for him from now on.
He did poorly in math class because I wasn’t there to help him with his homework.
I have made sure he always had a roof over his head and food on his plate.
I couldn’t chaperone his class field trip because I didn’t want anyone to see me with the shakes.
I’ve always made sure to tell him he is loved and that he is an extraordinary person.
Identify and rate the thought: “I’ve missed so many of my son’s achievements because of drinking. I I am a bad mother.” truthfulness rating = 90% (of the time)
EVIDENCE FOR EVIDENCE AGAINST
Challenge the thought:
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I.C.E. cont.(Step 4-5)
Evaluate/re-rate the thought: Post challenge truthfulness rating = 30%
Revise the thought: “I’ve let him down in the past, but I am doing everything I can now to stay sober; I can be more present for my son.”
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Practice Time!
ICE your colleague
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Cognitive Grid(Step 6)
Relevant Childhood and Developmental Data: Absent mother; alcoholic father
Core Belief: “I’m un-lovable.” Conditional assumptions (if/then): “If I am
a good mother I will feel loved by my son; then I am lovable!”
Compensatory strategy: “Make sure I am always available for him, whatever he needs.”
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Cognitive Grid continued
Situation: Missed a lot of my son’s achievements while drinking.
Automatic Thoughts: “I am a bad mother.” “My son doesn’t love me”
Emotions: “Depression and guilt”
Behavior(s): Increased potential for isolation, self-sabotage, and relapse
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Challenging Core Beliefs(‘acting as if’ - Step 7) Amended Core Belief: “If I remain sober,
I’ll be a better mother. I can be loved for who I am.”
How to ‘act as if’ you’re a good mother:– Attend my son’s basketball games when I
can
– Offer to help him with his homework
– Tell him I love him and praise his good work
– Set limits and rules for him to follow
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Practice Time!
Create a Cognitive Grid
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Mindfulness = Becoming More Aware More Often
“A powerful influence taking us away from being ‘fully present’ in each moment is our automatic tendency to judge our experience as being not quite right in some way—that it is not what should be happening, not good enough, or not what we expected or wanted. These judgments can lead to sequences of thoughts about blame, what needs to be changed or how things could or should be different. Often, these thoughts will take us, quite automatically down some fairly well-worn paths in our minds. In this way, we may lose awareness of the moment, and also the freedom to choose what if any, action needs to be taken.”
Segal, et al. 2002
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Mindfulness in recovery
Thoughts Judgments Actions Consequences
Becoming more aware more often of– Thinking patters
– Situations that activate your core belief
– Urges and craving to use
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CBT + Mindfulness CBT = modifying
– perception – beliefs and thoughts– judgment
Mindfulness =– being more aware more often– less interested in thought content– focus on arising and ceasing of thought
(DPW3= GTH)
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Principles of Mindfulness
1. Non-judging
2. Patience
3. Fresh Mind
4. Trust
5. Non-striving
6. Acceptance
7. Letting Go
Kabat-Zinn, 1990
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1. Non-judging
Become aware of the judging thoughts
Notice how often we label and categorize – assigning value to people and experiences
Pain Vs. Suffering
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2. Patience
Be completely open to each moment
Accept each moment in its fullness
Know that life can only unfold in its own time
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3. Fresh Mind
See things as if for the first time
Be receptive to new possibilities – prevents getting stuck
Experiment
– Try having a fresh mind with your partner, child, patient, or someone else familiar to you
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4. Trust
Develop trust within yourself – Knowing when to seek help
– You can’t have all the answers
Don’t compare yourself to others
The more we trust ourselves, the easier it is trust others and seek help
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5. Non-striving
Allowing anything we experience from moment to moment to just be here
Thinking of how you “should” be implies you are not ok right now
– “IF I weren’t so stressed at work, THEN I would be able to stay sober.”
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6. Acceptance
We have to accept ourselves and situations as they really are before things can change.
Acceptance does NOT mean:
You have to like everything
That you have to tolerate things as they “have to be”
That you should stop trying or give up
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7. Letting Go
Pay attention to inner experience to discover what thoughts and feelings the mind wants to hold on to
Holding on is the opposite of letting go
Example:
Catching monkeys
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Practice Time!
De-centering Meditation
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CBT and Mindfulness
1. Observe thoughts-Centering meditation/ non-striving
2. Identify thinking patterns- “If your mind has wandered…”
3. Identify cognitive distortions-Non-judging/accepting mind
4. Challenge cognitive distortions-Fresh mind
5. Construct alternative thoughts-Letting go
6. Complete cognitive schema
7. Behavioral Experiments (“act as if”)-Trust/patience
(DPW3 = GTH)
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Bibliography Beck, A., Wright, F., Newman, C. Liese, B. (1993).
Cognitive Therapy of Substance Abuse. New York: The Guilford Press, Inc.
Burns, David. (1999). Feeling Good (revised edition). New York: Avon Books.
Kabat-Zinn, John. (1994). Wherever you go there you are: mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York: Hyperion.
Kabat-Zinn, John. (1990). Full catastrophe living: using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Dell Publishing.
Project MATCH Research Group. (1993 and 2000). Project MATCH: Rationale and methods for a multisite clinical trial matching patients to alcoholism treatment. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 17, 1130-1145.
Segal, ZV, Williams, JM, Teasdal, JD. (2002). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive therapy for Depression: A new approach to preventing relapse. New York: The Gilford Press.