Cogliolo Andrea - Innovation & Research - RINA
-
date post
11-Sep-2014 -
Category
Documents
-
view
236 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Cogliolo Andrea - Innovation & Research - RINA
LNG as Marine Fuel
Conferenza GNL – III Workshop
Civitavecchia – 25th February 2014
Andrea COGLIOLO
Deputy General Manager Marine
Index
Regulation
Laws & Authorizations
Financial Issues
Technical Solutions
Social Perception
Logistic Scenario
MARPOL Annex VI
IMO require a progressive reduction of emissions from ships
- ECAs (Baltic and North Sea, English
Channel and USA /Canada coastal
- Global
1. Technical measures:
Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) new ship
2. Operational measures :
Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP)
SOX NOX
CO2
Regulations
Means to reduce
emission are available
NITROUS
OXIDES NOX
SULPHUR OXIDES SOX
CARBON DIOXIDE CO2
• Dual fuel engines (LNG)
• Exhaust gas treatment (SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction)
• Dual fuel engines (LNG)
• Sulphur content in fuel
• Exhaust Gas Treatment (scrubber)
• Dual fuel engines (LNG)
Regulation
LNG Carrier
IACS – UR 1996
Control and Safety
Systems for Dual Fuel
Diesel Engines
Pt.C , Ch 1, App 2
RINA Rules – 2000
DUAL FUEL DIESEL
ENGINES
Regulation
Present and future
Regulations
IGC ???
Regulation
IGF Code
Exp. 2014
Ship’s Flag
Administration
authorization
Present and future
Regulations
Regulation
Future Regulations
Low temperature of liquid gas
freezing - cold leak/jets -
brittle cracks
flammability after vaporization
- hazardous area - electrical
equipment
Gas tanks:
large energy content
Regulation
Hazard Identification and Risk Ranking
Hazard Control
Technological Safety – Safety Management - ERP
Future Regulations Regulation
Source Ship spotting
Technical Solutions
by courtesy of Lauro Shipping SPA
Technical Solutions
Technical Solutions
LNG tanks fixed
longitudinal position
transversal position
vertical position
portable
Engines gas only
dual fuel
high and low pressure
Propulsion Diesel Electric
Diesel
Fuel (LNG) automation alarm systems
control systems
safety systems
LNG storage
delivery
bunkering
New design solutions
new training needs
Technical Solutions
Technical Solution Training needs
Safety first in the dash for gas Monday 25 July 2011, 16:53
As more vessel types take up the cost and environmental benefits of gas-powered shipping, it is becoming
increasingly important that crew are trained properly in its use. GAS-fuelled ships are one way forward to
reduce air emissions.
But in the dash for gas we must ensure that lower emissions don't mean less safety.
Carrying and using gas at sea requires a culture that is present on gas carriers, but which is not found on
most other ship types. We need to take great care when we extend gas power to other ship types.
Substantial changes are needed to the structure and outfit of the vessel, and the crew need to be trained
to understand the new fuel and its risks.
RINA - Lloydlist
Training needs Logistic scenario
A13 – I13 Lack of skilled seafarers
Depending on the number of LNG propelled ships in 2020/2030 the number of seafarers can be (…) a
significant fraction of the more than 1,2 millions seafarers demanded in 2020 (…).
The likelihood of the issue not to be solved is judged low since it will be demand driven and passage to
LNG will occur gradually.
The direct impact of not having the necessary workforce trained is high since it directly affects the
possibility to safely operate LNG fuelled ships.
The possibility to manage the issue is judged high since training programmes can be established in due
time before 2020.
Aspects related to this issue are:
- lack of training infrastructures
- training of ashore personnel
Source
Marino Rosetti
Small scale
distribution:
Norwegian solution
not existing in other
countries
Where is LNG ? Logistic Scenario
Where is LNG ? Logistic Scenario
Fig. is courtesy of The DMA
Logistic Scenario
Authorization Aspects
Regulation & authorization procedures for on shore installations
On shore rules & local authorization
for LNG Terminals
Laws & Authorizations
Authorization Aspects
A study on LNG bunkering rules and procedure, commisioned by EU, has been just published
Common standards and procedures for LNG bunkering
Fig. is courtesy
of The DMA
Laws & Authorizations
Authorization Aspects
Common standards and procedures for LNG bunkering
Laws & Authorizations
Actual context
The market currently does not exist
An effective mechanism to create such a market is needed
The capital involved has to cover investments for :
• new LNG fuelled Fleet
• existing ship retrofit
• logistic infrastructures
Not all existing infrastructures are fit to serve the LNG ship related
market
Financial Issue
Four Main Actors
Market start up
Shipbuilders
& Makers
New buildings &
retrofits
Gas providers
Gas supply & pricing
Infrastructure develop.
Management of logistic
Shipowners
Strategic view
Regulations
Authorizations
Governmental
Authorities
Logistic Scenario
LNG price
Price highly dependent on
the considered country.
Difference:
from 3 to 19 $/MMBtu.
However…
The difference between
U.S. and Asian gas is
poised to drop by more
than 60 percent by 2020.
Source Bloomberg
Jan 2013
Financial Issues
LNG price
650 USD/t (=15.3 USD/mmBTU) for HFO.
900 USD/t (=21.2 USD/mmBTU) for MGO.
13 USD/mmBTU for LNG (considering 4 USD/mmBTU + small scale distribution costs).
Financial Issues
Social Perception
LNG is flammable
LNG is dangerously cold
LNG is clean YES but Not In My Back Yard
Social Perception
Transparent communication on real facts • Overall, the LNG industry has an excellent safety record
• LNG has been safely delivered across the ocean for
– over 40 years
– over 45,000 LNG carrier voyages
– more than 100 million miles,
without major accidents or safety problems either in port or on the high seas.
Social Perception
Some countries have already solved the NIMBY issue
Are we going to experience a similar epochal change ?
Wind
Coal Oil
LNG
Thank You !