Coconut Development Board.pdf
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25/03/2015 Package of Practices of Coconut :: Coconut Development Board ::
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Health Benefits Cultivation Statistics/Price Publications Application Forms Download Tenders F.A.Q. Vacancy Staff Corner Contact Us
Health Benefits Cultivation Statistics/Price Publications Application Forms Download Tenders F.A.Q. Vacancy Staff Corner Contact Us
OrganizationSchemesTechnology MissionCoconut ProductsProcessing Technology Directory InformationExport Promotion CouncilJournal SubscriptionExhibitions / SeminarsD.S.P. FarmsTechnology Devpt.CentreTrainings / DemonstrationsBoard MeetingMinutes of Meetings / ArticlesMSP Copra ProcurementInnovative IdeasRight to InformationDiscussion ForumOrganizationSchemesTechnology MissionCoconut ProductsProcessing Technology Directory InformationExport Promotion CouncilJournal SubscriptionExhibitions / SeminarsD.S.P. FarmsTechnology Devpt.CentreTrainings / DemonstrationsBoard MeetingMinutes of Meetings / ArticlesMSP Copra ProcurementInnovative IdeasRight to InformationDiscussion Forum
PACKAGE OF PRACTICES OF COCONUT1. Introduction2. Climate and Soil3. Varieties4. Planting Material5. Site Selection6. Preparation of Land & Planting7. Spacing & Systems of Planting8. Time of Planting9. Planting
10. Care of young Palms11. Manuring12. Irrigation13. Intercultivation14. Husk Burial15. Green Manure and Cover Crops16. Mixed/Inter/Multispecies cropping17. Mixed farming18. Plant protection
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1.Introduction
The coconut palm (Cocos nucifera linn.) is the most useful palm in the world. Every part of the tree isuseful to human life for some purpose or the other. Hence, the coconut palm is endearingly called‘kalpavriksha’ meaning the tree of heaven. The copra obtained by drying the kernel of coconut is therichest source of vegetable oil containing 65 to 70 per cent oil.
2. Climate and Soil
The coconut palm is found to grow under varying climatic and soil conditions. It is essentially a tropical
plant growing mostly between 20oN 20oS latitudes. However, a rainfall of about 2000 mm per year, welldistributed throughout, is ideal for proper growth and maximum production.
Coconut is grown under different soil types such as loamy, laterite, coastal sandy, alluvial, clayey andreclaimed soils of the marshy low lands. The ideal soil conditions for better growth and performance ofthe palm are proper drainage, good waterholding capacity, presence of water table within 3m andabsence of rock or any hard substratum within 2m of the surface.
3. Varieties
Tall Varieties
Friends ofCoconut Tree
CoconutProducers' Society
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Media says on coconut
25/03/2015 Package of Practices of Coconut :: Coconut Development Board ::
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25/03/2015 Package of Practices of Coconut :: Coconut Development Board ::
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25/03/2015 Package of Practices of Coconut :: Coconut Development Board ::
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Dwarf Varieties Suitable for Tender coconut
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HYBRID VARIETIES
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There are only two distinct varieties of coconut, the tall and the dwarf.
The tall cultivars that are extensively grown are the West Coast Tall and East Coast Tall. The dwarfvariety is shorter in stature and its life span is short as compared to the tall. Tall x Dwarf (TxD),Dwarf x Tall (DxT) are the two important hybrids.
There are 10 different combination of hybrids, developed by Kerala Agriculture University and TamilNadu Agriculture University and released for commercial cultivation. They are high yielders underthe good management conditions. Laccadive Ordinary, Andaman Ordinary, Philippines, Java,CochinChina, Kappadam etc. are the other tall cultivars under cultivation.
25/03/2015 Package of Practices of Coconut :: Coconut Development Board ::
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4. Planting Material
Coconut is propagated through seedlings raised from selected seednuts. Generally 9 to 12 month oldseedlings are used for planting. Select seedlings, which have 68 leaves and 1012 cm collar girth whenthey are 912 month old. Early splitting of leaves is another criteria in the selection of coconut seedling.
5. Site Selection
Shallow soils with underlying hard rock, low lying areas subject to water stagnation and clayey soilsare to be avoided. Proper supply of moisture either through well distributed rainfall or through irrigationshould be ensured before planting.
6. Preparation of Land and Planting
On slopes and in areas of undulating terrain,prepare the land by contour terracing or bunding. Inlowlying areas mounds are to be formed atplanting site to a height of at least 1m above waterlevel. In reclaimed ‘kayal’ areas, seedlings areplanted on field bunds.
In loamy soils with low water table, a pit size of1mx1mx1m is recommended. In laterite soils withunderlying rocks, take larger pits of size 1.2m x1.2m x 1.2m. In sandy soils the size need notexceed 0.75m x 0.75m x 0.75 m.
7. Spacing and Systems of Planting
Spacing depends upon the planting system, soil type etc. In general the following spacing arerecommended under different planting system in sandy and laterite soils.
Planting system Spacing
1 Triangular 7.6m
2 Square 7.6x7.6m, 8x8m, 9x9 m
3 Single 6.5m in rows 9m between rows
25/03/2015 Package of Practices of Coconut :: Coconut Development Board ::
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4 Double Hedge 6.5 to 6.5m in rows 9m between pairs of rows
8. Time of Planting
Seedlings can be transplanted in the beginning of the south west monsoon. If irrigation facilities areavailable, it is advisable to take up planting at least a month before the onset of the monsoon so thatthe seedlings get well established before heavy rains. Planting can also be taken up before the onsetof the northeast monsoon. In lowlying areas subject to inundation during monsoon period,transplanting may be done after the cessation of the monsoon.
9. Planting
Before planting the pits are filled up with top soil and powdered cow dung / compost up to a depth of 50to 60 cm. Then take a small pit inside this, so as to accommodate the nut attached to the seedling.Plant the seedling inside this pit and fill up with soil. Press the soil well so as to avoid waterstagnation. If there is chance for whiteant attack apply Sevidol 8G(5gm.) inside the small pit beforeplanting.
In laterite areas apply 2 kg common salt per pit for improving the physical condition of the soil. Burying25 to 30 coconut husks per pit in layers will be useful for moisture conservation.
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