Detailed Project Report (DPR) : Coconut · 2018. 9. 14. · 1 Detailed Project Report (DPR) :...
Transcript of Detailed Project Report (DPR) : Coconut · 2018. 9. 14. · 1 Detailed Project Report (DPR) :...
1
Detailed Project Report (DPR)
: Coconut
Scheme.1 Development of Commercial cultivation of coconut
1. Open field condition
2. Integrated Post Harvest Management
Crop Tick mark
Scheme
components
1. Open field condition of NHB
specified crops Within overall cost ceiling
+Farm Mechanisation +Good Agri.Practices (GAP) +Plastic Mulching
2. Integrated PHM
3.1.Integrated Pack House
3.2.Pack house
3.3.Pre-cooling unit
3.4. Cold Room (Staging)
3.5. Mobile Pre-cooling unit
3.6.Ripening Chamber
3.7 Primary Processing
3.8.Refer Van
3.9 Retail outlet
Detailed Project Report (DPR) duly to be signed by
the applicant (s) / authorised person ( in case of legal entity) on each page with date
2
Index
Project at a Glance Page
1 About the Applicant / Promoter and his/her entrepreneurship 7-10
2 Details of benefits availedby the Applicant / Promoter 11
3 About Project -Name, Rationale, Management and Description
1. Name of Project, Activity, Objectives and expected Outcomes 12-14
2. Rationale / Justification for the project 15
3. Site/ Land details- RoR/ Ownership / Registration of lease/ Map etc. 16
4. Location of the Project- Identification 17
5. Current usage of land of proposed Project Area 17
6. Current infrastructure and assets possessed by the Applicant: 18
7. Lay out plan of the project 18
8. Conversion of Land Use (CLU) 18
9. Whether project site is part of production belt / cluster / hub 18
10. Rationale for the location of the project 19
11. Compliance of project site for food safety 20
12. Components / Activities of the Project with justification 21-23
13. Operations planning 24
14. Month wise operational chart / Implementation schedule 25
15. Backward and Forward linkages. 26-27
16. Manpower (Skilled & Unskilled labour etc.) availability 28
17. Employment generation 29
18. Infrastructure (Power, Fuel, Water, Plant and Machinery,
connectivity, Effluents treatment etc.)- Required, Already available,
Gaps and the management.
29
19. SWOT Analysis 30
20. Monitoring and evaluation 31
4 NHB Scheme under which the project is proposed with rationale /
justification.
32-33
5 Project details
5.1 Agro-climatic suitability / feasibility
1. Origin, introduction and distribution of crop in the said location,
India and in the world (briefly)
34-36
2. Agro-climatic / Horticultural zones and suitability of the crop (s) 37
3. Soil type and latest health-suitability for the crop 38
4. Water (irrigation) source, availability, Quality and suitability 39
5.2 Market viability
1. Commercial and Nutritive importance / significance, composition and
Uses
40
2. Target Market (s) 41
3. Statistics: India and State: Area, Production and Productivity in the
District, State and India for the last 5 years
41-43
4. Clusters of the project crop in the state. 44
5. Demand and Supply gap 45
6. Global producers- Country, Area, Production, Productivity and global
market share in the last available 5 years.
46
7. International trade and potential (for export oriented projects) 46
8. Seasonality of crop / produce and its comparison with other 47
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availablecrop/ produce
9. Price variation of commodity in the State and nearby markets 48
10. Balance sheet of commodity in the State 48
11. Transportation 49
12. Value Addition scope 49
13. Central and State Government policy 49
14. Value chain in the commodity 50
15. Proposed Business strategy for Market viability 50
5.3 Financial viability
1. Due diligence status 51
2. Project Cost 51-52
3. Means of Finance 53
4. Investment in Horticulture 54
5. Key financial Indicators 54
6. Project Financing 55
1. Rate of Interest do
2. Percentage of Term loan against total project cost do
3. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) do
4. Cost of Production and Profitability do
5. Yield and Sales Chart do
6. Proposed Balance Sheet do
7. Proposed Cash flow Statement for repayment period. do
8. Proposed Profit & Loss Account do
9. Proposed Repayment of Term loan and Schedule do
10. Break Even Analysis do
11. NPV (Net Present Value) do
12. Economic Rate of Return do
13. Depreciation do
7. Risk Analysis and management 56-57
8. Statement of Assets and liabilities 58
9. Farm record keeping/ Maintenance proposed 59
5.4 Land development and Crop Husbandry
5.4.1.Land development 60
5.4.2.Selection of Quality Planting Material
1. Recommended and popular Cultivars- varieties/hybrids, their specific
characteristics, requirements and yields.
60-63
2. Cultivar/Hybrid/Variety selected and Criterion adopted for selection 63-65
3. Propagation methods. 66-70
4. Accredited / Good Nurseries in the area 70-73
5. Planting material-source, quality and suitability 73
5.4.3.Orchard / Site planning, Lay out and management
1. Coconut establishment and layout systems 74
2. Land preparation 74
3. Planting Season / time and density and transplanting 75-76
4. Water and Nutrient management 77-80
5. Intercultural operations including Weed management 81
6. Plant canopy architecture management/ training and pruning 81
7. Use of Pollinators & pollinisers 81
4
8. Integrated Pest and Disease Management 82
9. Physiological disorders- causes, preventive and management
measures.
82-91
10. Special problems if any -
5.4.5.Farm Structures and Mechanisation 92-93
1. Farm Mechanisation 93
5.4.6.Harvesting and Fruit / flower care management
5.5 Post-Harvest Management
1. Post-Harvest infrastructure scenario in horticulture sector in the State
and specially for the proposed crop / component
94-95
2. Product/ Process Flow chart 96-98
3. Lay out / Floor Plan of post-harvest operations -
4. Post-harvest operations -
1. Pre-cooling -
2. Curing -
3. Cleaning / Washing -
4. Sorting and Grading -
5. Packing and labelling -
6. Ripening -
7. Transport -
8. Storage- Low cost / cold storage/ CA -
5. Post-harvest infrastructure – Integrated Post-harvest Management -
1. Integrated Pack house -
2. Pack House -
3. Pre-cooling unit -
4. Cold Room (Staging) -
5. Mobile Pre-cooling unit -
6. Ripening Chamber -
7. Primary Processing -
8. Refer van -
9. Retail outlet -
10. Labour/ Store room -
5.6 Marketing
1. Connectivity 99
2. Aggregation & Assembling: Marketing infrastructure 99
3. Market Institutions and agents 99
4. Demand and Supply trends and forecast both in local and National
markets.
99
5. Traceability record 99
6. Proposed value chain / method of Marketing by the Applicant 100
5.7 Value addition / Processing 101
6 Technology providers
1. ICAR /CAU/ SAU/SHU / Research Stations and Experts names 102
2. Experts-whose services are availed 103-
104
3. Agri/Horti-Business incubators 104
7 Food Safety -With /Without GAP certification
1. GAP Certification if any 105
5
2. Food safety measures
1. Pre-planting 105-
106
2. Crop husbandry 106
3. Harvestings 107
4. Post-harvest 108-
109
8 Innovation if any 110
9 Profitability of the project (Horti-business): Critical observations of
Applicant
111
10 Checklist 112-
116
11 Declaration from Crop Expert and Project Finance Expert 117-
118
12 Self-declaration by the Applicant 119
Annexure: Proposed stages in NHB Scheme Implementation 120-
122
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Project at a Glance
1. Applicant (s)/ Legal entityName
2. Constitution / Applicant nature / beneficiary
3. NHB Scheme for which DPR is made Scheme -1
4. Project Activity Coconut
5. Nature of project- Green field/ pre-existing- expansion / component
specific
6. Products, By-products and services
7. Project Area and Survey /khasra/ Gat/Dag No.
8. Project Site Address with Postal Code and Police Station Name
9. Agro-climatic suitability
10. Research institution whose technology and package of practices are
proposed to be followed
11. Existence of similar project activity in the said District
12. Whether the project is located in the crop cluster/ hub/ belt Yes/No
13. Project economic period/ economic life
14. Total Project Cost
15. Open field condition
Integrated Post Harvest Management
Total
16. Project completion period ( in months)
Expected Implementation
timeline
Commencement
Completion
17. Total Eligible Project cost as assessed by the Applicant as per NHB
guidelines
18. Bank/ Financial Institution identified for Term loan
19. Proposed Means of
Finance
Promoters contribution (in Lakh Rs.)&%
Bank Term loan (in Lakh Rs.) &%
Un secured loan (in Lakh Rs.) &%
Total
20. Likely Employment generation (man days)
21. Security
22. Gestation period
23. Projected
Key
Financial
Parameters
Current Ratio other than export units
24. CR-Export units
IRR /BCR
DSCR*
Average DSCR
Debt to Equity Ratio i.e DER
TOL/TNW
Promoters Contribution
Break Even Point
Security Coverage Ratio
Repayment period
25. Productivity expected (in MT/Qtl/Kg/numbers)
26. Likely Gap in productivity compared to National /Global average
27. Potential Market (s)for the commodity and distance from the project
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site
1.About the Applicant / Promoter and his/her entrepreneurship
A. About Applicant / Promoter
1.1.In case of Individuals or Group of farmers (if applicable)
Individual
1. Name of Farmer /
Entrepreneur/Individual/ Proprietor
2. Parents or spouse name of Individual
Group of Farmer growers / SHG- Promoters
1. Name of Group
2. Names of all members of group with their
father, mother/husband/ wife name
1.2.In case of Legal entity (if applicable)
Name / Title
1. Incorporation / Registration number & date of registration
2. Act under which Registered
3. Registering authority
4. Name of Promoter / CEO/CMD/MD/
5. If it is FPO/ FPC/ Producers Co-op society / Growers Co-operative
Marketing federation- Please specify
6. If it is Reg. Society/ Company/ Corporation / Partnership firm /
Proprietary firm- Please specify
7. Name of Promoter
8. Status of the promoter / applicant in the legal entity-please specify
9. Whether the promoter / applicant is authorised by the Legal entity-
Yes/No
10. In case of Company/partnership firms / legal person
a. Certified copy of Company/Partnership incorporation/ registration
certificate issued by Competent Authority, as applicable
b. Certified copy of MoA/Bye Laws
c. Certified copy of Board of Directors Resolution duly passed and
authorizing signatory of application to apply for IPA
d. Certified copy of latest Audit Report, if applicable
i. (are to be made available in case the project and the
application is considered for processing.- State Yes/No
11. NGO- Specify
1.3.Government Institutions / Organisations-- Please specify (if applicable)
(i) Marketing Board / Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee APMC
(ii) Municipal Corporation
(iii) PSU/ Agro-Industries Corporation
(iv) ICAR/CAU/SAU/ Government R&D Institution
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1.4.Statutary registration
a. PAN No
b. Aadhaar No. Yes/No
1.5.Correspondence Address Postal Address with PIN code
Telephone
Mobile
Email id
Fax if any:
1.6.Project / Site Address
1.7.Social Category
( In case of legal entity the
CEO and Board of Directors
social category is to be
mentioned)
General / SC/ST
OBC
Minority
(Muslim/Christians/Sikhs/Buddhists/Parsis/Jains)
In case of SC/ST applicants a Certified copy of
Caste Certificate issued by Competent Authority
is to be enclosed. In case of others a self-
declaration is to be enclosed.
1.8.Location: TSP / NE Region
/ Hilly States
In case of TSP a self-attested copy of notification
is to be enclosed.
1.9.Gender Male / Female/Transgender
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B. Applicant/ Promoters’ Entrepreneurship:
1.10. CV / Biodata of Applicant (s) / Promoter (s) (Authorised by legal entity)in brief: ( If
applicants are more than one, all are to provide their CV / Biodata)
a. Name of Applicant/ Promoter:
b. Fathers’ name:
c. Date of Birth
d. Place of Birth (village/town/city, District and State)
e. Permanent Address:
f. Educational qualification (Higher Secondary, Under graduation Degree and above)
Education
Metric/ U
Name of
education /
specialisation
Board /
College /
University/
Institute
Year of
Pass
Remarks
g. Current profession.
h. Previous profession during the last 5 Years.
i. Experience- General and Horticulture
a. General (Other than Horticulture)
b. Horticulture
1.11.Commitment by the applicant:In case the project is approvedfor pre-IPA, the promoter
/ CEO/CMD should undergo a 2 Weeks (min.10 working days)project specific training
programmein case of Open field condition and protective cover (with or without PHM
component) and a minimum of 1 Week programme in case of standalone PHM component in
one of the ICAR/CAU/SAU/SHU/ Research Station/ Centres of Excellence/ related Central
or State Government institution/ others as found appropriate / approved by NHB.
10
In case of a Partnership firm/ Company / Legal person
a. Objectives as per Memorandum of Association (MoA) / Rules:
b. Professional history of Legal entities Farmers Producer Organisations (FPOs), Self
Help Groups, Partnership/ Proprietary Firms, NGOs, Companies (as a Board of
Director), Corporations, Cooperatives, Co-operative Marketing federations/
Government Institutions.
c. Management structure if it is a company/ firm etc depicting the position of the
applicant.
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2.Details of benefits availed/ proposed to be availed by the applicant- either individually
or as a member of Association of growers, Group of Farmer Growers/consumers, Farmers
Producer Organisations (FPOs), Self Help Groups, Partnership/ Proprietary Firms, NGOs,
Companies (as a Board of Director), Corporations, Cooperatives, Co-operative Marketing
federations from (i) NHB and (ii) other Ministries/ organisations of Central Government and
(iii) State Governments including NHM for Horticulture related projects.
Note: The beneficiary should be truthful. In case any information is received later on at any
stage about his/her availing of benefit which is not disclosed hereunder will entitle NHB to
reject the current proposal and recover the funds if already released.
2.1. In this / proposed project and location:
1. Whether the proposed project proposal has been submitted for consideration under
any State Government or Central Government Scheme for financial grant? If yes give
details.
2. Whether any subsidy has been availed from the Board, other Central Govt.
organisation or State Government for the same activity on the same piece of land,
khasra/ Gat/Dag/ etceither in his / her own name individually or in the name of his/her
family members or through any legal entity in which he/she is the beneficiary either in
the same location, project.- Yes/ No.If Yes, Please provide details
Constitutio
n –
Individuall
y or in any
form
Ministr
y/
Organi
sation
Schem
e
Name
Project
/
Activit
y
Project
Locatio
n
Land
Surve
y No
Eligibl
e
Project
cost
( Rs.in
lakhs)
Total
subsid
y/
grant
( Rs.in
lakhs)
Current
status of
project-
Operational
/
underutilise
d / closed
12
2.2. In earlier/ any other Project (s)
2.2.1.NHB : either in his / her own name individually or in the name of his / her family
members or through any legal entity in which he / she is the beneficiary either in the current
proposed project location or any other location. Whether any assistance in the form of soft
loan and subsidy has been availed earlier from the National Horticulture Board? If yes, give
details thereof
Year Scheme
Name
Project /
Activity
Project
Location
Land
Survey
No
Eligible
Project
cost
Total
subsidy
/grant
availed
Current status
of project-
Operational /
underutilised /
closed
2.2.2.Central Government- Ministries / Organisations: either in his / her own name
individually or in the name of his / her family members or through any legal entity in which
he / she is the beneficiary either in the current proposed project location or any other location.
Year Scheme
Name
Project /
Activity
Project
Location
Land
Survey
No
Eligible
Project
cost
Total
subsidy /
grant
availed
Current status
of project-
Operational /
underutilised /
closed
2.2.3.State Governments: either in his / her own name individually or in the name of his / her
family members or through any legal entity in which he / she is the beneficiary either in the
current proposed project location or any other location.
Year Scheme
Name
Project /
Activity
Project
Location
Land
Survey
No
Eligible
Project
cost
Total
subsidy
/grant
availed
Current status
of project-
Operational /
underutilised /
closed
13
2.3. Operational status of earlier Scheme under NHB and other Central Ministries and State
Government.
Year Organisation
/ Ministry
Activity Project
Operational
status
(Running or
Closed)
Annual
Turnover
(of
previous
Year)
Exports
if any
Profitable
or loss
making
Remarks
/ Reasons
2.4.Please provide map of earlier / other subjects and this project- Key map of project land
showing project details and land boundary details
2.5. Provide the following details:
a. Have you ever been refused / denied subsidy claim from NHB, NHM, APEDA,
NCDC, MoFPI? If Yes please provide details of (i) Project code, (ii) Name of
Applicant, (iii) Address (iv) Project activity etc. and the reason for such refusal /
denial:
b. If you were a recipient of Government subsidy, have you / your Bank/FI ever been
asked to refund the subsidy / call back ? If Yes please provide details of (i) Project
code, (ii) Name of Applicant, (iii) Address (iv) Project activity etc. and the reason for
such refusal / denial:
Attention:
1. In case the project application is considered for Pre-IPA, the applicant shall have to
enclose No Objection Certificate from State Government that there is no duplication of
funding for the project and the applicant shall also submit self-declaration that he/she is
not availing government subsidy / grant / assistance from any other ministry.
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4. About the Project, Rationale, Management and Description
2.1.About the Project
1. Name of the Project
2. Correspondence Address:
3. Address of Project Site :
4. Project Activity and Scheme components (Should be as per NHB scheme latest
scheme guidelines- please verify):
No.
Name of the scheme and component Unit Tick mark
relevant
componen
t
5 Development of Commercial Horticulture through
Production and Post-Harvest Management of
Horticulture Crops
1. Open field condition
2. Integrated PHM
a. 3.1.Pack House
b. 3.2.Integrated Pack house
c. 3.3.Pre-cooling unit
d. 3.4. Cold Room (Staging)
e. 3.5. Mobile Pre-cooling unit
f. 3.6.Ripening Chamber
g. 3.7 Primary Processing
h. 3.8 Refer Van
i. 3.9.Retail outlet (environmentally
controlled)
3. Add on components
6. Details of Crop in case of Open field condition / Protected cover
Name of the
Crops
Variety /
Hybrid/
Cultivar
Area ( acres ) No. of plants Source of
Planting
Material
7. Products, by products and Services of the Project
8. Objectives of the Project
9. Expected Outcomes of the Project including Products / and Services of the Project
10. Socio-economic benefit to the region /District / State
15
3.2.Rationale / Justification for the project
3.2.1. Rationale
3.2.2.Details of similar projects / crop in the neighbourhood and the District -Area,
Production, Productivity briefly. Provide more details in Market viability chapter.
3.2.3.How quality of inputs/ raw materials is assured.
3.2.4.About Bank/ FI: Name of the Bank/FI, branch and its code identified for Term loan
and Rationale
Name of Bank/ FI
Bank/FI Branch Address
Bank/FI Branch contact Number
IFSC code
16
3.3.Project Site/ Land details:
3.3.1.Proposed Project Area:
Activity Area proposed
1 Cultivation –
Open Cultivation (Ha)
Protected Cultivation (Sq.Mt)
2 PHM
3 Plant and Machinery
4 Any other activity
3.3.2.Land details- RoR/ Ownership / Registration of lease/ map etc.
Name of Owner of land proposed for the project
as per Land Revenue Records
Whether title of the land is clear in the name of
applicant and is free from any litigation
How Title is derived Ancestral
Purchased (with details
of date)
Encumbrances if any
Name of the Owner in case of joint ownership Survey/
Gat
/khasraNo
etc.
Area in
Sq.mt / Ha
Share
Whether land boundaries are demarcated for the
applicant clearly.
Yes/No
In case of Partnership
1. Whether land is owned by Partnership
firm or jointly by its partners
Yes/No
2. NOC:If land is owned by one of the
partner, an undertaking by land owner is
required stating that he/she will not
withdraw, sale or transfer his/her land
during currency period of the project
In case of Lease
1. In case the land is that of leased,
Registration details of the said leased
land in the office of Sub-Registrar
2. No.of Years of lease
3. Whether lease is entered in RoR Yes/No
Whether land is mortgaged? If yes provide
details of mortgagor and mortgagee
17
3.4. Location of the Project- Identification (Longitude, Latitude, Altitude, Village, GP,
Block, District, State), Area, Number of growers.
1. Location Address
2. a. Survey/Khasra/ Dag/ Other No
3. b. Habitation/ Village
4. c. Gram Panchayat / Urban body
5. d. Block / Urban body
6. e. Sub-Division
7. f. District
8. g. State /UT
9. Location Longitude, Latitude& Altitude
10. Total Area of land owned (ha)
11. Total Area proposed for project (ha)
3.5. Current usage of land of proposed Project Area
Proposed Project Current usage
Survey / Dag
etc.No
Nature of
land
Dry/
Irrigated/
Waste land
Area (ha) Activity /
Crop
Area (ha) Mortgage
Yes/No
If Yes with
whom
18
3.6. Current infrastructure and assets possessed by the Applicant:
Category Asset Name Year of
Purchase
Make Capacity Cost
Fixed
Assets
Tube well
Dug Well
Drip irrigation
Electric Motors
Tractor
Tiller
Transport vans
Vermi compost shed
Stores
Pack house
Labour room
Water harvesting pond
Installation/digging
Pipeline
Others
Operating
Assets
Planting Material
Support system
Tools and implements
3.7. Lay out plan of the project/ Map of Farm / production/ Operations unit / project land
showing project details and land boundary details
3.8. Conversion of Land Use (CLU) if applicable
3.9. Whether project site is part of production belt / cluster / hub ? If yes, provide
details of working relations with other farmers
19
3.10. Rationale for the choosing the said Location for implementation of the project/ Location
advantages and disadvantages
20
3.11. Compliance of project site for food safety
The information on soil condition and site on water logging, industrial waste and effluents.
Run off and contaminated water is not allowed to enter fields.
21
3.12. Components / Activities of the Project with justification (Please refer NHB scheme
guidelines)
No.
Name of the scheme and component Justification
1 Development of Commercial Horticulture
through Production and Post-Harvest
Management of Horticulture Crops
1. Open field for specified crops
2. Protected cultivation for specified crops ---
3. Integrated PHM
3.1.Integrated Pack house
3.2.Pack House
3.3.Pre-cooling unit ---
3.4. Cold Room (Staging) ---
3.5. Mobile Pre-cooling unit ---
3.6.Ripening Chamber ---
3.7 Primary Processing
3.8. Refer Van
3.8.Retail outlet (environmentally
controlled)
22
Component wise cost of the Project and NHB Norms
Scheme
Component
Items Sub- items Capacity/
Area/
spacing/
size
Etc.
Units/
Numbers
Likely
/ unit
cost
NHB
Norm
(Rs/
Acre)
Open field
Cultivation
Cultivation
Expenses
Planting material 6650
Input cost
(Labour, Manure
& Fertilisers,
pesticides etc.)
MID
H
Norm
s
Others
Irrigation
Tube well/ bore
well/ Open well
(Nos.)
2.5La
khs/
Cost of Pipeline
from source of
irrigation to
production
unit(Length, Size
& Material)
150/-
per
runni
ng
metre
(4”
dia)
Water harvesting
structure / Water
tank min. 300
microns
Rs
100/-
Cum
(300
micro
ms/R
CC)
Non lined
ponds/tanks
30%
less
of
abov
e
Others
Drip / Sprinkler 20,00
0/ per
Acre
Civil
Infrastructure
Functional pack
house
Rs
4Lak
hs
per
unit
Store & Pump
house (Area in
sq.ft with size)
Rs
2000
0/-
per
Acre
Labour room & go Rs
23
down (Area in
Sq.ft with size)
2000
0/-
per
Acre
Others
Farm
Mechanisation
(AC)
Tractor upto 20
BHP
Rs.3
Lakh
s
Power Tiller HP Rs.10
5
Lakh
s
Equipment’s-
driven by Tractor/
Power Tiller
3000
0/ per
unit
Mulch laying
machine
Self-propelled
hort. Machinery
Others
Land
Development
Soil levelling /
Digging/Fencing
etc.
15 %
Others if any
Land if newly purchased but not
before one year from date of
sanction of Term loan (indicate
year)
10%
Vermi Compost Unit Rs.60
000/
unit
1. Permanent Structure Rs.60
000/
unit
2, HDPE Vermibed(12ft X 4ft X2 ft) Rs.10
000/
unit
Certification of Good Agricultural
Practices (GAP) including
infrastructure (AC)
Rs.40
00/
Acre
Plastic Mulching Rs.12
800
/Acre
Others
Grand Total Note: NHB Norm: means Over all ceiling in project mode with add on component as per NHB Scheme guidelines.
(Appendix 1-A)
AC: Add on component: Over and above the cost ceiling.
24
3.13.Operations Planning
1. Name of Farm / Project Manager (working directly
under the applicant / CEO) if any.-optional
2. Name of agency executing erection of Protected
structure -and contact person Name and contact
numbers
3. Name of agency providing technical know-how
and turn key for cultivation- and contact person
Name and contact numbers
ICAR-CPCRI, Kasaragod
04994-232894
4. Operations:
1. Land preparation Own / custom hiring
2. Procuring planting material/ seeds Own / outsourcing
3. Orchard planning, layout Own / outsourcing
4. Water and nutrient management Own / outsourcing
5. Integrated Pest & Disease management Own / outsourcing
6. Physiological disorders Own / outsourcing
7. Farm Mechanisation Own / outsourcing
8. Harvesting/ Fruit care management Own / outsourcing
9. Post-Harvest Management Own / outsourcing
a. Pre-cooling Own / outsourcing
b. Curing Own / outsourcing
c. Cleaning / Washing Own / outsourcing
d. Sorting and Grading Own / outsourcing
e. Packing and labelling Own / outsourcing
f. Ripening Own / outsourcing
g. Transport Own / outsourcing
h. Storage- Low cost / Cold Room/
CA
Own / outsourcing
i. Refer van Own / outsourcing
j. Retail outlet Own / outsourcing
k. Cold chain Own / outsourcing
10. Marketing Own / outsourcing
11. Processing Own / outsourcing
25
3.14. Month wise operational chart / Implementation schedule: Commencement to
completion:
Project Implementation period in case of approval: Months.
Proposed/ Tentative dates of Bench mark / Activity Approximate date
Project Commencement
First Commercial Crop /
plantation / operations if any
Project Completion
Activity Uni
ts
Months
JF MA MJ JA SO ND
1. Land
development
Year 1
2. Land
preparation
Year 1
3. Procuring
planting
material/
seeds
Year 1
4. Orchard
planning and
layout
Year 1 Year 1
5. Water and
nutrient
management
Through
out the
economi
c life
Through
out the
economi
c life
Through
out the
economi
c life
Through
out the
economi
c life
Through
out the
economi
c life
Through
out the
economi
c life
6. Integrated
Pest &
Disease
management
Through
out the
economi
c life
Through
out the
economi
c life
Through
out the
economi
c life
Through
out the
economi
c life
Through
out the
economi
c life
Through
out the
economi
c life
7. Physiological
disorders
As and
when
occurred
As and
when
occurred
As and
when
occurred
As and
when
occurred
As and
when
occurred
As and
when
occurred
8. Farm
Mechanisatio
n-
procurement
9. Farm
Mechanisatio
n operations
10. Harvesting/
Fruit care
management
Peak
season
(from 8th
year
onwards)
Peak
season
(from 8th
year
onwards)
Peak
season
(from 8th
year
onwards)
11. Post-Harvest
26
Management
a) Dehuskin
g
Accordin
g to the
harvest
Accordin
g to the
harvest
Accordin
g to the
harvest
Accordin
g to the
harvest
Accordin
g to the
harvest
Accordin
g to the
harvest
b) Sorting
and
Grading
Large
and
small
nuts
Large
and
small
nuts
Large
and
small
nuts
Large
and
small
nuts
Large
and
small
nuts
Large
and
small
nuts
c) Transport
d) Storage
e) Cold
chain
12. Marketing
13. Value/
addition
Processing
Accordin
g to the
product
line
Accordin
g to the
product
line
Accordin
g to the
product
line
Accordin
g to the
product
line
Accordin
g to the
product
line
Accordin
g to the
product
line Note: The table can be extended as per need.JF: January/ February; MA: March/April and similarly other abbreviations.
3.15. Backward and Forward linkages
1. Backward linkages -with growers, input suppliers etc.
Operations Agency / Agents / providers Remarks
Seed/ Planting Material ICAR-CPCRI, Kerala
Agricultural University
Manure Co-Op Societies
Fertilizers Co-Op Societies
Bio fertilizers State Department of
Agriculture
Bio pesticides State Department of
Agriculture
Pesticides / Insecticide Co-Op Societies
others
27
2. Forward linkages- for Domestic and Export Market
Operations Agency / Agents / Service
providers
Remarks
Storage Unit
Processing Unit
Local Market NAFED
Terminal market NAFED
Farm Market
3. Briefly explain as to how the produce will be consolidated (backward linkages) and
marketed/exported (forward linkages)
It is always better to go for at least minimum processing in the case of coconuts. Once we
follow the standard practices/ community based copra drying, the copra will fetch excellent
market price, if followed the market outlet through coconut producer’s society. In the case of
price crash, minimal processed better copra will fetch assured prices from the NAFED or
other authorised state level procuring agencies.
28
3.16. Manpower (Skilled Labour, Expertise etc.), Required, Already available, Gaps and the
management in an Year.
3.16.1.Managerial and Technical
Managerial Technical Gap
Requirement Availability Requirement Availability S US Number No.of
Days
Number No.of
Days
N D N D
a)
b)
c)
3.16.2. Skilled and Unskilled Labour
Skilled Labour Unskilled labour Gap
Requirement Availability Requirement Availability S US Number No.of
Days
Number No.of
Days
N D N D
Operations/
activity
d) Administration
e) Manager
f) Finance &
Accounts
g) Typing / IT
operations
h) Watch man
Crop husbandry
*
a) Digging pits 6 10
b) Planting 4 1
c) Base opening
and
application of
manures and
fertilizers
10 3
d) Irrigation
(Drip)
0.5 220
e) Weeding
(Machine)
2 2 2 2
f) Plant
protection
measures
12 3 1 3
g) Harvesting 5 6 1 6
* For 175 plams/ha
29
3.17. Employment Generation per annum
No.of man days / Annum
Permanent man power -Permanent (on rolls)
Casual / Temporary
3.18. Infrastructure (Power, Fuel, Water, Plant and Machinery, Effluents treatment etc.)-
Required, Already available, Gaps and the management.
Utility Requirement Remarks
Power Likely requirement per month for the
purposes of …………………………
Source of Power
Access to Power is assured or not
Alternative Source of Power in case of
breakdowns
Water Source – Ground Water /Surface Water
Existing or New source
Plant &
Machinery
Fuel Access to fuel to power- Generators-
Yes/No
Nearest fuel depot
Effluent
treatment
Facility and method adopted for effluent
treatment.
Road
connectivity
Distance from the State Highway and
National Highway.
Rail
connectivity
Air connectivity
Market
connectivity
Vermi compost If available Numbers and Capacity.
Types:1. Permanent Structure and 2,
HDPE Vermibed (12ft X 4ft X2 ft)
Animal
Husbandry
Details of Animals
Capacity / Income
Environmental
issues of the
project if any
Fencing
Any other
30
3.19. SWOT Analysis
1 Strengths
Domestic market
Excellent R & D
Empowerment-Decentralised
Coconut Producer Societies
2 Weaknesses Global competitiveness-Weak
Diseconomies of scale
Senile palms
Long gestation period
Price fluctuation
3 Opportunities Growth rate in coconut consumption (confectionery use)
Unexplored domestic market
4 Threats Evolving Free Trade Agreements
Stringent food safety norms
Possible short term price crash
Substitutes such as palm oil
31
3.20. Monitoring and evaluation of Project:
ICAR Institute or CAU/SAU / SHU or Consultant or any other organisation
ICAR-CPCRI, Kasaragod
Attention of the applicant:
1. Applicant has to intimate the Board before effecting change of project land, crop, area,
bank etc in the proposal before claim of subsidy. (page 121 of guidelines point 10(vi).
Thus Any change in crop or project site without prior approval of NHB shall make the
component or project, as the case may be, ineligible for getting subsidy.
2. Even the change in FI / Banker should be done with prior approval of NHB.
(Signature of the Applicant)
with date and time.
32
4 NHB Scheme under which the project is proposed with rationale /
justification.
1. Scheme.1: “Development of Commercial Horticulture through Production and Post
Harvest Management of Horticulture Crops”.
1.1 Commercial Horticulture Development in Open Field Conditions on Project
Mode
National Horticulture Board will take up integrated commercial horticulture
development projects in the open field condition on project mode, including
components viz planting material, plantation, irrigation, fertigation, mechanisation,
precision farming, GAP etc. for projects covering area over 2.00 ha. (5 Acres).
Integration of production unit with on farm PHM components and primary processing
unit shall also be allowed in project mode. Cost of raising new plantation will vary
from crop to crop, which will be taken into consideration while providing assistance
to the beneficiary. PHM infrastructures, irrigation and micro irrigation etc shall be
eligible under the scheme for assistance in existing/new orchards/ projects to increase
productivity.
1.2. Integrated Post Harvest Management projects
The Board will take up Integrated Post Harvest Management projects relating to Pack
House, Ripening Chamber, Refer Van , Retail Outlets, Pre-cooling unit, Primary
processing etc. NHB will also take up projects in component mode and for standalone
projects of PHM components.
2. Cost Norms and pattern of assistance:
2.1 Cost Norms: Coconut
No. of plants /Acre:95 Nos
Planting Material/Acre Rs.6650/-
Overall ceiling In Project mode with add on component: Rs.1, 50,000/-
2.2 Pattern of assistance
Credit linked back ended subsidy @ 40% of project cost limited to Rs.30.00 lakh per project in general areas and @ 50% of project cost limited to Rs. 37.50 lakh for NE and Hilly States for subsidy on the
pattern of HMNEH States and scheduled areas. 2.3. Cost Norms & Pattern of Assistance The Maximum cost ceiling of Rs. 145.00 lakhs for the component of PHM project. NHB cost norms for Primary processing at the rate of Rs.25lakhs / unit.
33
3. Rationale for justification for taking up the proposed project under the scheme No.1
and its components.
34
5. Project details
35
5.1 Agro-climatic suitability
5.1.1.Origin, History, and Distribution
1. Origin of the crop and its introduction into India:
The Imperial Government of India sets up a Central Department of Agriculture
controlled by the Imperial Secretariat and agriculture departments were set up in the
provinces to primarily look after agricultural enquiry, agricultural development and
famine relief in the country. In line with this development, three separate blocks of
vacant land in and around the village of Nileshwar (Nileshwar I (Pilicode), 15 acres),
Nileshwar II (20 acres), Nileshwar III (20 acres) and an existing coconut garden in
Kudlu Village (26 acres) (all in the present day Kasaragod district of Kerala state,
India) were acquired in order to obtain representative soils, on which coconuts were
generally cultivated on the West Coast and thus four sub-stations have now been
started in the South Kanara district of erstwhile Madras Presidency. the standing
coconut crop (though not scientifically planted) in the newly acquired Kudlu block
(where the present CPCRI is located now) was used for initiating preliminary
experiments as a trial-run for collecting valuable data for proper planning of future
experiments. By all records, probably, this must be the earliest case of organized
systematic research on coconut the world over. The development of hybrid varieties
involving tall and dwarf types is a major landmark in the annals of coconut
improvement. It was the pioneering work of Dr. J.S. Patel and his team that paved
the way for the exploitation of heterosis in coconut. The first hybrid was produced by
crossing local West Coast Tall with the Chowghat Dwarf Green and the hybrids were
planted at Nileshwar in 1934 for evaluation. Since then, six coconut hybrids have
been developed/released from CPCRI, a mammoth achievement in itself, considering
that developing and evaluating a new hybrid in a perennial crop like coconut takes
about two decades.
36
2. Distribution of crop across the country
Table. Distribution of coconuts across the country-2016-17
Sl
No
States /Union
Territories
Area ('000
Hectares)
Production (Million
nuts)
Productivity
(Nuts/ha)
1 Kerala 770.79 7448.65 9664
2 Karnataka 513.85 6773.05 13181
3 Tamil Nadu 461.06 6570.63 14251
4 Andhra Pradesh 115.21 1377.53 11957
5 Odisha 50.91 341.68 6711
6 West Bengal 29.63 374.56 12641
7 Gujarat 24.44 336.65 13775
8 Maharashtra 20.90 198.85 9514
9 Assam 20.60 153.27 7440
10 Bihar 14.90 141.09 9469
11 Tripura 4.61 32.23 6991
12 Chhattisgarh 1.48 8.77 5926
13 Telengana 0.50 2.09 4180
14 Nagaland 0.47 2.67 5681
15 Others 52.76 142.38 2699
All India 2082.11 23904.10 11481
Source: Horticulture Division, Dept. of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare,
Government of India.
37
5.1.2.Agro-climatic / Horticultural zones including Rainfall, temperatures at critical
stages and suitability of the project (Not applicable to standalone PHM projects)
Parameter Recommended@ Project location
parameters#
Remarks /
deviations
Climate Tropical Tropical
Altitude Between 20° N and 20° S latitudes
Climatric / Non Climatric Non Climatric
Thermosensitive ness of crop Not
thermosensitive
Photosensitive Photoinsensitive
Temperature range
1. Mean monthly /
Average temperature
27-32° C
2. Av.Max.temperature 32-34 ° C
3. Av.night temperature 18-25° C
4. During Crop duration 21-32° C
5. Flowering
6. Fruiting
7. Maturity
8. Fruit quality
9. Season Tropical
monsoon
Rainfall / Water
1. Land preparation 1000 mm
2. Flowering 1300 -2300 mm
3. Fruiting 1300 -1500 mm
4. Maturity <1000 mm
5. Season
Humidity 80-85%
1. Flowering >60 %
2. Fruiting >60 %
3. Maturity >60 %
4. Season
Winds during crop season
1. Wind velocity
Shade loving?
@ Note: Organisation / Institution (ICAR/CAU/SAU/SHU/ other) making recommendation
and its source should be specified.
#: Provide source (could be IMD/Agric.Univ/State Govt.) and weblink if possible.
Risk management/ Deviation Management if any:
Conclusion: Whether project crop is recommended for the project location Yes/No
38
5.1.3.Soil Type and health -requirements and that of project suitability
(Not applicable to standalone PHM projects)
As recommended
by ICAR
/CAU/SAU/SHU
Project location
data as per latest
Soil health test
Deviation if
any and
Management
Date on which
soil health is
tested and the
name of the
Institute
Soil type Laterite, coastal sandy, alluvial, and also in reclaimed soils of the marshy lowlands
Texture Sandy loam
pH 5-8
Organic carbon 0.5-1.0
Electrical
conductivity
<4 dS/m
Potassium 108-280 kg/ha
Nitrogen 280-56 kg/ha
Phosphorus 10-25 kg/ha
@ Note: Organisation / Institution (ICAR/CAU/SAU/SHU/ other) making recommendation
and its source should be specified.
#: Provide details of Soil Test Laboratory (should be that of Agriculture Dept/ Agric.Univ/
Central or State Government) where Soil is tested with contact details of Head of Laboratory/
Analyst with telephone and mobile details and weblink if possible. A self-attested copy of the
laboratory results should be submitted in case project is qualified for processing for subsidy
claim.
Whether project location is a problematic soil- Alkalinity/Salinity/Others: if Yes.
1. Causes
2. Reclamation / Management/ Amendments proposed:
Conclusion:
Whether project location soil is suitable for the crop / activity.
39
5.1.4.Water/ Irrigation water Quality -requirements and that of project suitability
(Not applicable to standalone PHM projects)
As recommended by
ICAR /CAU/SAU/SHU
Project location data as per
latest Water Analysis test#
pH 5-8
EC <4 ds/m
Total salt concentration / TDS < 500 mg/L
Sodium Absorption Ratio (
SAR)
<18 millimol/L
Bi-Carbonate <1.5 me/L
Boron concentration <1 ppm
Heavy metals Traces
Pesticide residue Nil
@ Note: Organisation / Institution (ICAR/CAU/SAU/SHU/ other) making recommendation
and its source should be specified.
#: Provide details of Laboratory (should be that of Agriculture Dept/ Agric.Univ/ Central or
State Government) where water is tested with contact details of Head of Laboratory/ Analyst
with telephone and mobile details. A self-attested copy of the laboratory results should be
submitted in case project is qualified for processing for subsidy claim.
Conclusion: Whether project location water source is
suitable for the crop / activity.
Yes / No
40
5.2.Project- Market viability of the Project
5.2.1. Commercial(and nutritive -where ever applicable) importance / significance,
composition and uses.
Coconut plays a very significant role in the economy of India. India is the leading coconut
producer in the world (31%) with a production of 20440 million nuts from an area of 1975
thousand hectares. The productivity of India is the highest (10614 nuts/ha) among major
coconut producing countries in the world. The present production of arecanut in the world is
about 1.13 million tonnes from an area of 0.91 million ha. India ranks first in both area and
production of the crop. The overall average yield per hectare has improved from 843 kg/ha
during 1971 to 1558 kg/ha by the year 2016. Average yield of newly released coconut
varieties is around 120 nuts/ palm/ year which is double the national average of 60 nuts/
palm/ year. By adopting the new varieties, the existing crop productivity levels can be
enhanced to the tune of 100% in terms of nut/copra yield. In terms of Gross Value Output,
coconut contributes Rs. 95000 million to the national income. Coconut industry provides
livelihood to about twelve million people in India. Coconut tree is called as "Kalpa Vriksha"
which essentially means that all parts of a coconut tree is useful in one way or the
other. Coconut palms have many uses; their leaves are used for thatching traditional houses,
making sheds, baskets, and the husk for making coir and other coir products. The shell is
used for making charcoal and activated carbon, ladles and spoons, and fruits for making
copra and coconut oil and other value added products. Coconut is a staple ingredient in
traditional cuisines of many states. Technology for collection of fresh, hygienic and
unfermented coconut inflorescence sap (Kalparasa) has been developed. Other value added
products like coconut sugar, virgin coconut oil, coconut chips, dark chocolate, drinking
chocolate, frozen delicacy etc. and their adoption has improved the income of farmers and
also generated employment in coconut sector.
41
5.2.2.Targetted market (s) : Domestic or International. In case of International market, the
applicant have to refer APEDA export requirements and should specify compliance
appropriately with in the document. In case of domestic market specify the intended market
briefly while more details be provided in Marketing chapter.
5.2.3.Statistics: India and State.
1. India: Area, Production and Productivity in the area, State and India for the last 5-10
years
National picture
Year Area (thousand
ha)
Production
(million nuts)
Productivity
nuts/ha
Global Productivity
nuts/Ha
Highest* Average
2012-
2013
2136.67 22680.03 10615 10615 5433
2013-
2014
2140.50 21665.19 10122 10122 5870
2014-
2015
1975.81 20439.60 10345 10345 5707
2015-
2016
2088.47 22167.45 10614 10614 5618
2016-
2017
2082.11 23904.10 11481 11481 5592
Source: Coconut Development Board, Kochi
: APCC Statistical yearbooks (various issues)
*Among major producing countries
2. State wise picture- Top 10 producing states
States /Union
Territories
Area (thousand
ha)
Production
(million nuts)
Productivity
nuts/ha
Kerala 770.79 7448.65 9664
Karnataka 513.85 6773.05 13181
Tamil Nadu 461.06 6570.63 14251
Andhra Pradesh 115.21 1377.53 11957
Odisha 50.91 341.68 6711
42
West Bengal 29.63 374.56 12641
Gujarat 24.44 336.65 13775
Maharashtra 20.90 198.85 9514
Assam 20.60 153.27 7440
Bihar 14.90 141.09 9469
Source: Coconut Development Board, Kochi
3. Project State Picture (Mandatory)
State Area
(thousan
d ha)
Productio
n
States’
contributio
n to Nation
(%)
Productivit
y
nuts/ha
Gap in Productivity
(nuts/ha)
State
Av.
Nationa
l Av
Global
Highest
*
Kerala 770.79 7448.65 37.02
9664 9664 11481 11481
Karnatak
a
513.85 6773.05
24.68
13181 1318
1
11481 11481
Tamil
Nadu
461.06 6570.63
22.14
14251 1425
1
11481 11481
Andhra
Pradesh
115.21 1377.53
5.53
11957 1195
7
11481 11481
Odisha 50.91 341.68 2.44
6711 6711 11481 11481
Source: Coconut Development Board, Kochi
: APCC Statistical yearbooks (various issues)
*Among major producing countries
4. Project State- district wise performance in the said crop producing districts in Last
Year (Mandatory)
Area Production Productivity District Area
(ha)
% of
State
Area
District Production
(MT)
% of State
Production
District Productivity
(T/ha)
Ranking
43
Source:
5.Project crop in the state: Time trend of Area, Production and Productivity (Mandatory)
District Item Current Year CY-2 CY-3 CY-4
District.1 Area
Production
Productivity
District.2
Source:
6.Share of project Crop- in terms of Area and Production in overall fruits/vegetables.
Crop Area Production
Ha % MT %
Total 100 100
Source:
7.Availability of Storage facilities in the project area / District / StateSource: (Desirable Data)
Year Commodity Low cost storage structures Cold storage CA Storage No. Capacity Capacity
utilisation
No. Capacity Capacity
utilisation
No. Capacity Capacity
utilisation
Commodity / produce Storage
required in the
area
Storage
available in the
area
Gap Remarks
44
6.2.4. Clusters/ Zones
5.2.4.1.Crop clusters in the State (Mandatory)
Cluster District No.of villages No.of farmers Total Area
1
2
3
4
5.2.4.2.Crop Agricultural Economic Zones in the State / UT, if any (Desirable)
Cluster District No.of villages No.of farmers Total Area
1
2
3
4
45
5.2.5. Demand for the commodity :( based on the available data- minimum for the project
area, district and the state)
Demand -Supply gap for the commodity
Unit Demand No.of growers Supply /
production
Gap Remarks
Nos. Area
Project area
District
where
project is
located
State
Country
Globally
Note: Applicant may take the help of District Horticulture Officer.
5.2.5. A.Projections of production, productivity, targets for domestic and export market (Desirable)
Year Production Productivity Local
Market
Value
in Rs.
Terminal
market
Value
in Rs.
Export
Market
Value
in Rs.
46
5.2.6. Global producers- Country, Area, Production, Productivity and global market share
Country Area
(‘000ha)
% share Production
(million nuts)
% share Productivity
( nuts/ha)
Indonesia 3571 29.8 14804 20.5 4530
Philippines 3517 29.3 14735 20.4 4196
India 1975 16.5 20440 28.4 10119
Sri Lanka 440 3.7 3056 4.2 6623
Tanzania 128 1.1 554 0.8 1379
Brazil 250 2.1 2893 4.0 11923
Papua New Guinea 221 1.8 1483 2.1 6709
Thailand 202 1.7 809 1.1 4859
Others 1684 14.0 13321 18.5 5662
Total 11988 100.0 72095 100.0 5777
5.2.7. International trade market and potential:
(collect from APEDA Agri-exchange website at http://agriexchange.apeda.gov.in/; including
product profile, statistics and market intelligence sites esp. International trade and Global
Analytical report in brief to the extent of relevance; may also refer DGCIS
sitehttp://www.dgciskol.gov.in/for more information)
47
5.2.8. Seasonality matrix of the fruit (Desirable Data):
Seasonality matrix of the crop with reference to other fruits / vegetables
Fruits Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Lean Season
Peak Season
Demand and Supply issues specific to project area:
48
5.2.9 Price variation of Commodities at State / UT Capital or at a Major Fruit &
Vegetables Market
Local Market: 1 Unit=Rs. Per Qtl/MT/Kg
Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
5.2.10.Balance sheet of commodity in the State (Desirable Data/ Voluntary)
Year: Qty: 000Tons
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Stored/
Carry in
Fresh
Production/
Arrivals
Imports
Availability
In LT
Storage
Consumption
Exports
Post
Production
losses
Total Usage
Carry out
Source:
Note:
49
5.2.11.Whether transportation infrastructure is available.
1. Mode of transportation / arrangement:
2. Whether cold chain facility available locally if so details of service providers and
contact person name.
5.2.12.Value Addition scope/ potential
There exists a huge scope for coconut based agri-business in India in order to increase the
present 8% level of value addition to 25%, thereby value added products becoming a
deciding factor in the price movement of coconut to ensure fair, reasonable and steady price
to coconut farmers. Foreseeing the imperativeness of high value coconut sector, ICAR-
CPCRI has developed complete package of practices for the production of virgin coconut oil
(hot and fermentation process), coconut chips, coconut honey, jaggery and sugar. The
Institute has also developed a technology for collecting coconut inflorescence sap by using a
device. The sap thus collected is called Kalparasa. Kalparasa can be preserved up to 45 days
under cold condition (in refrigerator) without adding any preservatives and additives with the
bottling technology. It has been demonstrated that a farmer tapping 15 coconut palms for
Kalparasa could earn on an average Rs. 45,000 a month, while a tapper can earn about Rs.
20,000 per month. For sustaining the value added coconut sector, Women Self Help Groups
were formed and equipped with technical know-how and smooth functioning of the coconut
value chain was ensured through continuous supply of value added products to the
downstream part of the chain. An activated carbon plant was designed for the production of
pollution free coconut shell charcoal for community level processing at small scale level.
With regard to the commercialization of technologies Institute had successfully developed
market for the value added products through well established link with the retail distributor.
Moreover, the marketing functionary was made a part of the value chain through appropriate
integration techniques adopted and there by ensured the efficient functioning of the chain.
5.2.13.Central and State Government policies to promote the commodity:
(towards its promotion, area expansion and organised marketing, processing and export).
Coconut Development Board, Kochi- The Export Promotion Council
Government of Kerala: Coconut Technology Mission
50
5.2.14.Value chain in the commodity
Figure. Depiction of comprehensive value chain of coconut
5.2.15.Proposed Business Strategy by the Applicant for Marketing and Market viability
51
5.3.Financial Viability of the Project:
5.3.1: Due Deligence Status
Date of Pre-Sanction / Due Deligience Remarks
1 Examination of CIBIL report Yes/No
2 Credit rating / scoring is done Yes/No
3 Whether name of promoters/company
appearing in the list of-
a) RBI defaulter list
b) RBI willfull defaulter list
c) ECGC SA list
Yes/No
Yes/No
Yes/No
4 a)Verfication of CERSAI (Central
Registry of Securitisation Asset
Reconstruction and Security Interest) b) In case of company whether
financial data verfied with ROC .
Yes/No
Yes/No
5.3.2.Project Cost (Rs in Lakhs) – (subitems are to be decided based on need)
Scheme
Component
Items Sub- items Capacity/
Area/
spacing
Etc.
Units/
Numbers
unit
cost
Cost
Open field
Cultivation
Cultivation
Expenses
Planting material
Input cost
(Labour, Manure
& Fertilisers,
pesticides etc.)
Others
Irrigation
Tube well/ bore
well/ Open well
(Nos.)
Cost of Pipeline
(Length, Size &
Material)
Water harvesting
structure / Water
tank min. 300
microns
Non lined
ponds/tanks
Others
Drip / Sprinkler
Civil
Infrastructure
Functional pack
house
Store & Pump
house (Area in
sq.ft with size)
Labour room & go
52
down (Area in
Sq.ft with size)
Others
Farm
Mechanisation
(AC)
Tractor upto 20
BHP
Power Tiller HP
Equipments-
driven by Tractor/
Power Tiller
Mulch laying
machine
Self-propelled
hort. Machinery
Other tools and
equipment’s as per
Sub Mission on
Agriculture
Mechanisation
(SMAM)
Others
Land
Development
Soil levelling /
Digging/Fencing
etc.
Others if any
Land if newly purchased but not
before one year from date of
sanction of loan (indicate year)
Support system for Grapes
Vermi Compost Unit
Certification of Good Agri Practices
Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)
including infrastructure (AC)
Plastic Mulching
Others
Grand Total
Scheme Capacity/
Area/
Spacing
etc.
Units/
Number
Likely
/Unit
cost
NHB
Norm
Integrated
PHM
1. Integrated PHM 3.1.Pack House 3.2.Integrated Pack house 3.3.Pre-cooling unit 3.4.Cold Room (Staging) 3.5.Mobile Pre-cooling unit 3.6.Ripening Chamber 3.7 Primary Processing 3.8.Retail outlet
Others
53
Summary of Project Cost
Project
Cost
Max.possible
NHB support
(self-
appraisal) 3. Open field condition With add on components
Without add on
components
4. Integrated PHM 3.1.Integrated Pack House 3.2.Pack house 3.3.Pre-cooling unit 3.4. Cold Room (Staging) 3.5. Mobile Pre-cooling unit 3.6.Ripening Chamber 3.7 Primary Processing 3.8.Refer Van 3.9 Retail outlet
Grand Total
5.3.3 Means of Finance (Rs.in Lakhs)
S.No Item Components
1 Promoters share
2 Bank/FI Term loan
3 Un secured
loan/VCA
Total
5.3.3. A Information on subsidy available under different schemes:- (For information)
1. Subsidy from NHB
2. Subsidy from State *
3. Subsidy from Centre *
4. Subsidy from other
sources
*
Total
54
5.3.4.Investiment in Horticulture Sector
5.3.5Key financials of the proposed / existing Project : (Rs. In Lakhs)
FINANCIAL
INDICATORS
Estimated projections
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8
Capital
Reserves
Intangibles
Tangible Net
Worth
Net Working
Capital
Current Ratio
Net Sales
Op. Profit
Net Profit Before
Tax
Net Profit After
Tax
TOL/ TNW
Debt-equity ratio
Depreciation
Dividend
Retained Profit
Justification for the above (wherever figures are on higher side)
NOTE:- In case of existing business / project, the promoter has to provide the audited data
for the last three years apart from estimated and projected data for covering the entire
repayment period.
55
5.3.6 Project Financing:
1) Rate of Interest :
2) Percentage of Term loan against total project cost
3) Internal Rate of Return (IRR):
4) Cost of Production and Profitability (Annexure)
5) Yield and Sales Chart (Annexure)
6) Proposed Balance Sheet: (Annexure)
7) Proposed Cash flow Statement for repayment period (Annexure)
8) Proposed Profit & Loss Account: (Annexure)
9) Proposed Repayment of Term loan and Schedule (Annexure)
10) Break even Analysis (Annexure)
11) NPV (Net Present Value)
12) Economic Rate of Return
13) Depreciation
56
5.3.13 Sensitivity analysis of the project.
Base Case 2018-19
(First Full
Year of
Operation)
Case I Decrease in capacity utilization by 10%.
Case II Decrease in Sales by 10%.
Case III Increase in Raw Material Cost by 10%
Base Case Case I Case II Case III
PBIDT
PBT
PAT
Min DSCR
Max DSCR
Overall
DSCR
57
5.3.14 Key Financial Parameters for the proposal:
Sl.
No.
Ratio Benchmark As calculated by Project Finance Expert
1styr 2
ndyr 3
rdyr 4
thyr 5
thYr
1. Current Ratio
other than export
units
1.25:1
2. CR-Export units 1.10:1
3 IRR /BCR
4 DSCR* 1.50:1
5 Average DSCR
6 Debt to Equity
Ratio i.e DER
3:1
7 TOL/TNW 4:1
8 Promoters
Contribution
25%
minimum
9 Break Even Point Lower the
% is better
10 Security
Coverage Ratio
More than
100% of
Loan
Amount
11 Repayment
period
Up to 7
Years
excluding
moratorium,
but not to
exceed an
overall
tenor of 10
years
58
5.3.15 Statement of Assets & liability as on……...
1. Immovable Assets
(Rs. In lakh)
Sl.No Description Extent Location Face value Market value
1 Land
2 Building
3 Plant & machinery
4 Commercial plots
2. Movable Assets
Sl.No Description Modle Face value Market value
1 Car/Scooter/Truck/Bus/Mobile
phone
3. Bank/FI balances and cash
Sl.No. Name of the institutions Date of
opening
Face value Market
value/Present
value
4. Shares & debentures
Sl No Name of the
Company/Institutions
Date of
purchase
Face value Market value
5. Investment in business & other associates concern
Sl No Name of the
Company/Institutions
Date of
Investment
Face value Market value
Total assets……............
1. Liabilities
Sl.No. Nature of the loan Name of the
institution
Date of loan Face
value
Market value/
Present value
Total liabilities…….....................
Net of assets & liabilities…….....
Date: Signature of the Promoter/Guarantors/Directors /partner
59
Risk Analysis& Management
A. Promoters & Management Risks:
B. Project Completion and Operational Risk:
C. Other Risks:
Risk Management
Excess production / Glut situation in
Market
Crop failure Crop insurance
Price volatility-low prices
Pests and Diseases
Natural calamities- fire, cyclone, Floods
etc.
Farm record keeping/ Maintenance proposed
60
5.4: Land development and Crop husbandry
5.4.1.Land development: ( in case of waste/ barren land)
If the land is uneven and full of shrubs, the shrubs have to be cleared and land to be levelled
before digging of pits including fencing and gate.
5.4.2. Selection of Quality Planting Material
Recommended and popular Cultivars- varieties/hybrids, their specific characteristics,
requirements and yields and list of reputed / accredited Nurseries
1. Recommended and popular cultivars/
varieties/ Hybrids State wise
Name of variety / Hybrids/ cultivar
a. Kerala Varieties
Kalpa Pratibha
Kalpa Dhenu
Kalpa Mitra
Chandra Kalpa
Kalpatharu
Kera Chandra
Kera Keralam
Kalpa Haritha
Kera Madhura
Chowghat Orange Dwarf
Kalpa Jyothi
Kalpa Surya
Kalparaksha
Kalpasree
WCT
LCT
Hybrids
Chandra Sankara
Kera Sankara
Chandra Laksha
Kalpa Samrudhi
Kalpa Sankara
Kalpa Sreshta
Laksha Ganga
Ananda Ganga
Kera Ganga
Kera Sree
Kera Sowbhagya
b. Karnataka Chandra Kalpa
Kalpatharu
Kera Chandra
Kalpa Haritha
61
Chowghat Orange Dwarf
Kalpa Jyothi
Kalpa Surya
WCT
TPT
LCT
Andaman Ordinary Tall
Hybrids
Chandra Sankara
Kera Sankara
Chandra Laksha
Kalpa Sreshta
Kalpa Ganga
Vasista Ganga
c. Tamil Nadu Kalpa Pratibha
Kalpa Dhenu
Chandra Kalpa
Kalpatharu
ALR (CN) 1
Kera Bastar
ALR (CN) 2
VPM-3
Kera Keralam
Chowghat Orange Dwarf
Kalpa Surya
WCT
ECT
LCT
Andaman Ordinary Tall
Hybrids
Chandra Sankara
VHC-1
VHC-2
VHC-3
VHC-4
d. Andhra Pradesh Kalpa Pratibha
Chandra Kalpa
Kera Bastar
Kera Chandra
Gautami Ganga
Chowghat Orange Dwarf
WCT
ECT
Hybrids
Kera Sankara
Godavari Ganga
Vasista Ganga
e. Maharashtra Kalpa Pratibha
Chandra Kalpa
Pratap
62
Kera Bastar
Kera Chandra
Chowghat Orange Dwarf
WCT
Banwalli
Hybrids
Kera Sankara
Chandra Sankara
Konkan Bhatye coconut hybrid 1 (Konkan Avishakar)
f. West Bengal Kalpa Mitra
Kera Chandra
Kera Keralam
Kalyani Coconut 1
Chowghat Orange Dwarf
ECT
Sakhigopal Tall
g. Andaman and Nicobar Islands Kalpa Dhenu
CARI-C1 (Annapurna)
CARI-C2 (Surya)
CARI-C3 (Omkar)
CARI-C4 (Chandan)
Chowghat Orange Dwarf
Andaman Ordinary Tall
h. Bihar Chowghat Orange Dwarf
Kera Keralam
ECT
Sakhigopal Tall
i. Assam Kamrupa
Kalpa Jyothi
Chowghat Orange Dwarf
Assam Green Tall
Hybrids
Kalpa Samrudhi
j. Chhattisgarh Kera Bastar
Chowghat Orange Dwarf
ECT
k. Goa Kera Keralam
Kera Chandra
Chowghat Orange Dwarf
Benaulim
WCT
Hybrids
Kera Sankara
Chandra Sankara
l. Gujarat Chowghat Orange Dwarf
Gudanjali Dwarf
WCT
Hybrids
Kera Sankara
Chandra Sankara
63
m. Lakshadweep Varieties
Kalpa Pratibha
Chandra Kalpa
Kera Chandra
Kera Keralam
Chowghat Orange Dwarf
Kalpa Jyothi
Kalpa Surya
Kalparaksha
WCT
LCT
LMT
Hybrids
Chandra Sankara
Kera Sankara
2. Classification of cultivars based on
crop maturity
a. Early Kalpasree, CARI C-2 Surya, Gudanjali
b. Mid Kalpa Haritha, Kalpa Jyothi, CARI C-3 Omkar, CARI
C-4 Chandan, Chowghat Orange Dwarf, Kalpa Surya,
Kalparaksha,Kera Chandra, Chandra Sankara, Kera
Sankara, Chandra Laksha, Kalpa Samrudhi, Kalpa
Sankara, Kalpa Sreshta
c. Late Kera Keralam, Chandra Kalpa, Kalpa Shatabdi, Kera
Bastar, Kalpa Dhenu, Kalpa Mitra, CARI C-1
Annapurna, Kalyani Coconut 1, Kalpatharu, WCT,
LCT, ECT, Sakhigopal Tall, Benaulim, LMT, TPT,
ADOT, Banawalli, Assam Green Tall, ALR (CN) 1,
ALR (CN) 2, VPM 3
3. Classification of cultivars / Varieties/
Hybrids based on purpose
a. Tender Nut COD, Kalpa Jyothi, Kalpa Surya
b. Copra All varieties (excluding tender nut & ornamental
varieties)
c. Dual purpose – copra & tender
nut
Kalpa Pratibha, Kalpa Haritha, Kalyani Coconut 1,
Kalparaksha, Kera Madhura, Gouthami Ganga,
Kalpasree, CARI-C1 (Annapurna), Kera Chandra,
Kalpa Shatabdi, Chandra Sankar, Chandra Laksha,
Kalpa Samrudhi, Kalpa Sreshta
d. Ball copra Kalpatharu, Kera Keralam, Kalpa Mitra, LMT
e. Ornamental COD, Kalpa Jyothi, Kalpa Surya, CARI-C2 (Surya),
CARI-C3 (Omkar), CARI-C4 (Chandan),
f. Root (wilt) disease tolerance Kalparaksha, Kalpasree, Kalpa Sankara
64
Yield and characteristic features of coconut varieties
Variety Important traits Average
yield (nuts
ha-1
year-1)#
Average
copra yield
(t ha-1
year-
1)#
Potential
yield (nuts
ha-1
year-1)#
Potential
copra
yield (t ha-
1 year-
1)#
Aliyarnagar Tall 1
- ALR (CN) 1
High yield 22302 3.50
Aliyarnagar Tall 2
- ALR (CN) 2
High yield 21240 2.89
CARI-C1
(Annapurna)
High copra content,
tender nut purpose,
green colour fruit
9100 2.23 19250 4.72
CARI-C2 (Surya) Ornamental purpose,
orange colour fruit
18725 1.31 28175 1.97
CARI-C3
(Omkar)
Ornamental purpose,
yellow colour fruit
19775 1.45 29750 2.18
CARI-C4
(Chandan)
Ornamental purpose,
orange colour fruit
17150 1.74 27300 2.77
Chandra Kalpa Drought tolerant, high
oil - 72%
17700 3.12 23800 4.19
Chowghat Orange
Dwarf (COD)
Dwarf, orange colour
fruit; tender nut
purpose
19824 2.78 33984 4.30
Double century High yield 23140 4.60
Gautami Ganga Dwarf, green fruits 13260 3.60
Kalpa Dhenu High nut, oil yield,
Drought tolerant
15012 3.66 22794 5.56
Kalpa Haritha Dual purpose for copra
and tender nut
20886 3.72 36350 6.56
Kalpa Jyothi Dwarf, yellow colour
fruit; tender nut
purpose
20178 2.83 29947 4.25
Kalpa Mitra High nut, oil yield,
Drought tolerant
13973 3.37 22429 5.41
Kalpa Pratibha High yield; dual
purpose - copra and
tender nut, Drought
tolerant
16107 4.12 23275 5.97
Kalpa Surya Dwarf, orange colour
fruit; tender nut
purpose
21771 4.00 32083 5.97
Kalparaksha Semi-tall, green fruits
High nut, oil yield in
RWD prevalent areas;
suited for tender nut
purpose
11375 2.11 13475 2.5
Kalparaksha Semi-tall, green fruits
High nut, oil yield in
15225 17675
65
RWD prevalent areas;
suited for tender nut
purpose
Kalpasree Dwarf, superior oil rich
in linoleic acid, high
yield in RWD tracts
15930 1.80 18725 1.8
Kalpatharu Drought tolerant, ball
copra, high yield
20709 3.59 26075 4.56
Kalyani Coconut High yield, West
Bengal
14240 3.90
Kamarupa High yield 17877 2.90
Kera Bastar High yield 19400 3.10 23625 6.69
Kera Chandra High yield 19470 3.68 24500 4.63
Kera Keralam High yield 26019 4.53 37275 6.56
Kera Madhura Semi-tall, Dual
purpose for copra and
tender nut
24480 4.80
Kera Sagara High yield 17523 3.64
Pratap High yield 20826 3.60
VPM-3 High yield, drought
tolerant
14868 3.41
Kalpa Shatabdi Large fruits with high
copra content; dual-
purpose variety for
copra and tender nut
18375 5.01
25900 7.07
Chandra Sankara
(COD x WCT)
High yield 20532 4.27 37300 7.74
Kera Sankara
(WCT x COD)
High yield, drought
tolerant
19116 3.78 37824 7.80
Chandra Laksha
(LCT x COD)
High yield, drought
tolerant
19293 3.76 30625 5.27
Kalpa Samrudhi
(MYD x WCT)
Dual purpose variety,
Drought tolerant,
higher nutrient use
efficiency
20744 4.35
24675 5.42
Kalpa Sankara
(CGD x WCT)
Tolerant to root (wilt)
disease, high yield
14868 2.5 19600 3.45
Kalpa Sreshta
(MYD x TPT)
Dual purpose variety,
High yield
29227 6.28 32550 7.03
Laksha Ganga
(LCT x GBGD
High yield 19116 3.73
Ananda Ganga
(ADOT x GBGD)
High yield 16815 3.63
Kera Ganga
(WCT x GBGD)
High yield 17700 3.56
Kera Sree (WCT High yield 23364 5.05
66
x MYD)
Kera Sowbhagya
(WCT x SSAT)
High yield 23010 4.49
VHC-1 (ECT x
MGD)
High yield 21240 2.87
VHC-2 (ECT x
MYD)
High yield 25134 3.74
VHC-3 (ECT x
MOD)
High yield 27612 4.47
Godavari Ganga
(ECT x GBGD)
High yield 18585 2.79
Konkan Bhatye
coconut hybrid 1
(GBGD x ECT)
High yield 20532 3.47
Kalpa Ganga
(GBGD x FJT)
High yield, suitable for
ball copra production
21417 3.38
Vasista Ganga
(GBGD x PHOT)
High yield 22125 3.88
VHC-4 (LCT x
CCNT)
High yield 28497 4.27
# @7.5 x 7.5 m spacing
Method of Propagation / technology
Method recommended by ICAR /
CAU/SAU/SHU
Seed propagation
Proposed method under the project
Do’s and Don’t’s proposed / taken in
propagation
Expert guiding the project
REQUIREMENTS FOR HEALTHY PRODUCTION OF SEED AND PLANTING
MATERIAL
Soil: Coconut is adapted to a wide range of soil types from coarse sand to deep soils.
However, well-drained friable sandy, sandy loam/loam soils are best suited for coconut
nursery due to the relative ease in removing the seedlings from the nursery. In laterite soils,
sand has to be applied to the nursery beds. Heavy/clayey soils and waterlogged soils are to be
avoided. The ideal soil pH ranges from 5.5 to 7.0 and the seedlings are tolerant to a pH range
from 4.5 to 8.5. Under irrigation, coconut seedlings tolerate saline and alkaline soils.
Climate: Coconut palms are cultivated in humid regions lying between latitude 27oN and
27oS. They are well adapted to full sunlight. However, the nursery area is to be preferably
shaded to get good quality seedlings without sun scorch. The optimum temperature range for
better growth of seedlings is from 21oC to 35
oC. Though coconut can withstand temperatures
beyond this range, the growth, development and yield will be affected. Coconut palms are
adapted to areas receiving an annual rainfall ranging from 600mm to 4000mm and above.
67
Seedlings can be produced at an altitude ranging from sea level to an elevation 800m above
mean sea level.
Water Source: A perennial source of water is required for maintenance of coconut palms
and irrigation is essential for obtaining good coconut yield. Further, the nursery has to be
irrigated regularly for production of planting material. Sprinkler/micro jet sprinkler/hose
irrigation systems are well suited to coconut nursery beds.
Nursery Structures: Nursery can be raised in the interspaces of the coconut plantation. The
nursery area is to be provided with shade using 50-75% shade net if the nursery area is an
open space. About 120m2 area would be required to sow 1000 nuts in flat or raised beds
whereas larger area of 200m2
would be required to maintain 1000 poly bag coconut seedlings.
Skilled manpower: Skilled climbers and pollinators are required for harvesting the palms
and undertaking controlled pollination, respectively. In addition, skilled manpower is
required for pollen processing. A pollination supervisor would be required to monitor the
crossing programme. Further, a trained nursery assistant is required for maintenance of the
nursery and for identifying and lifting good quality seedlings from the nursery.
Mother palms: For production of quality planting material it is essential to have good quality
mother palms of the desired varieties. In the absence of commercially viable vegetative
propagation techniques, only seed propagation is possible. Therefore, mother palm selection
is a key factor in planting material production of coconut.
The important features of superior mother palms are: a) straight stout trunk with even
growth and closely spaced leaf scars, b) spherical or semi-spherical crown with short fronds,
c) short and stout bunch stalks without the tendency to drooping, d) more than 30 leaves and
12 inflorescences carried evenly on the crown, e) inflorescence with 25 or more female
flowers, f) consistent high nut yield (about 80 nuts/annum under rain fed conditions or 120
nuts under irrigated conditions), g) 150g copra per nut and h) absence of disease and pest
incidence. Among all these characters, maximum attention is to be paid to the yield of nuts,
as regular and heavy bearers are less affected by adverse weather conditions.
Seed Garden: It is necessary to establish a seed garden in order to supply seeds of high
yielding hybrids/varieties on a large scale. For hybrid seed production, at least two parental
lines should be available within the same seed garden, with one parent being used as the male
and the other as the female parent. Planting the seed gardens with one pollinator (male
parent) for nine mother trees will be more economical as seed recovery will be higher owing
to the presence of higher proportion of mother trees in these gardens.
Alternatively, a modified method is suggested for the layout of seed garden where,
different types of hybrids can be produced. In this layout, compact blocks of different
cultivars can be planted with few rows of border plants. In this method by adopting the
emasculation, bagging and assisted pollination technique one can produce the desired TxD,
DxT or TxT combinations.
Other requirements for the hybrid seed production: Secatures, pollination bags, knives,
incubators, squeeze bottles, talc powder, desiccators, microscope and butter paper covers.
METHODOLOGY FOR PRODUCTION OF SEED AND PLANTING MATERIAL:
68
Method of Seed/Seedling Production: Open Pollinated / Inter se/ Hybrid
Open Pollinated: Seed nuts are harvested from selected mother palms of the desired
cultivar/variety without emasculation and controlled pollination.
Inter se: Seed nuts are produced by emasculation and pollination between selected palms
of the same variety.
Hybrid: Seed nuts are produced by emasculation and pollination using pollen of a
different variety (desired male parent).
Commercial Production of Hybrids:
Emasculation: This is the first step in hybridization and refers to the removal of male
flowers from the inflorescence of the female parent to avoid self-pollination. This is done,
preferably immediately after the opening of the inflorescence, either by removing individual
male flowers by hand or by cutting the spikelets (with knife or secateur) about 4 to 5 cm
away from the upper-most female flowers and removing the remaining male flowers by hand.
Pollen collection and processing: The method of pollen collection is as follows:
a) Cut the portion of the spikelets containing mature male flowers.
b) Separate the male flowers from the spikelets.
c) Place the male flowers between folds of thick paper and gently crush them with the help
of a rolling pin.
d) Keep the crushed male flowers in an incubator at 390C (+/- 1
0C) for 24hrs.
e) Sieve to separate the pollen from the debris (use 0.2 mm mesh sieve).
f) Collect pollen in butter paper bags and store in desiccator over fused calcium chloride.
Pollen so stored can be used for 10-15 days.
g) Dilute pollen with neutral talc powder in 1:9 proportions before use. If pollen is available
in large quantity, the ratio can be 1:2 or 1:8.
Germination test for pollen grains
The germination test of the pollen is a pre-requisite before using the same in
pollination. The test is usually done in a solution containing 8% of Sucrose. Pollen with at
least 50% germination alone should be selected for pollination.
Pollination: The pollination technique to be used in a garden depends on the type of
plantation. When the female parents are scattered in a garden and/or inter-planted with
different types of tall cultivars ‘controlled hand pollination’ technique is to be used for hybrid
seed production or for production of inter se seed nuts. This method involves bagging of
emasculated bunches for the entire period of female phase and pollinating with desired
pollen.
In coconut plantations of dwarfs inter-planted with single tall cultivar only single
hybrid combination can be produced without bagging. All inflorescences in mother palms
(female parent) are to be emasculated so that only pollen from pollinator palms (male parent)
is available in the garden. All the nuts collected form the mother palms (female parent) after
emasculation will be hybrid nuts. However, to increase the setting percentage, assisted
pollination with the pollen of male parent is advisable.
In plantations having compact blocks of different cultivars more flexibility is possible.
Depending on the need, by changing the pollen in the assisted pollination technique, different
69
combinations of hybrids can be produced. However, assisted pollination is mandatory in the
pure blocks of different cultivars, while it is optional in dwarfs inter-planted with talls.
Assisted pollination using the pollen-talc mixture is to be undertaken when the female
flowers become receptive. When the female flowers become receptive, the three stigmas
protrude from it like a three-pointed star and nectar is secreted at the base of the stigmas.
Pollen-talc mixture is to be dusted on the inflorescences of the mother palms on the 1st, 3
rd
and 5th
day starting from the day when the first female flower comes to receptivity. When the
stigmas turn brown and black the female flower is no longer receptive.
Seed setting: After fertilization, it takes about 11 to 12 months for the fruit to develop to
maturity. Generally, not more than 25 to 40 percentage of female flowers reach maturity.
Seed Nut Selection And Storage:
Maturity of seed nut: The mature nuts should be harvested when at least one nut in the
oldest bunch starts to dry. In Talls, it takes 11-12 months to become a mature seed nut
whereas in dwarfs, nuts will mature in 10-11 months after pollination.
Method of harvest: Rope harvest of seed nuts is recommended from the trees that are very
tall and in places where the ground is hard.
Selection of seed nuts: Seed nuts are preferably selected from the center of the bunch, as
development of nuts at top and bottom extremities may not be uniform leading to poor
germination/poor quality of seedlings.
Preservation of seed nut: Harvested seed nuts are stored in shade, to prevent drying of nut
water, till their husks become completely dry. Seed nuts of the tall variety can be stored for
two months after harvest whereas the seed nuts of dwarfs should be sown within 15 days of
harvest.
Germination: The seed nuts can be sown in sand/potting mixture. Seed nuts of tall varieties
begin germination within 60-130 days after sowing and seed nuts of dwarf varieties
germinate 30-95 days after sowing. Generally, germination is recorded till the fifth month of
sowing and a good seed lot will give more than 70% germination. Seed nuts that do not
germinate within 5 months after sowing as well as those with dead sprouts are removed from
the nursery.
Seedling Production:
Nursery bed preparation
Seedbeds should be prepared in an area having loose and well-drained soil. Raised beds of 10-20 cm height are made to provide good drainage. Seedbeds are generally of 1m width and convenient length with 75cm space between beds. The seedbeds should be drenched with Chlorpyriphos @ 0.05% before sowing of seed nuts, in areas having termite problem. To prevent bud rot in seedlings, the nursery can be drenched with Mancozeb @ 0. 3%, in bud rot endemic areas.
Sowing of nuts
The seed nuts are sown in rows with spacing of 30 cm between rows and 30 cm
between nuts with four or five rows per bed. The nuts may be planted either horizontally with
the widest of the segments at the top or vertically with stalk-end up. The nuts are covered
70
with soil, such that the top portion of husk alone is visible. Only seed nuts with nut water
should be selected for sowing.
A record should be maintained indicating the name of variety sown, date of sowing,
number of nuts sown, seedbed number and date of seed nut harvest. A signboard should be
placed in front of each bed indicating the name of variety sown along with the date of sowing
MODERN NURSERY PRACTICES
Poly bag seedling production: Poly bag nursery can be adopted for producing more
vigorous seedlings with better root system. Compared to the nursery in the field, watering,
weeding and roguing operations for the elimination of unwanted seedlings are easier in poly
bag nursery. The seedlings can be raised in black polythene bags of 500-gauge thickness of
60 cm x 45 cm size for bigger nuts and 45 cm x 45 cm for smaller nuts. The bottom of the
bags is to be provided with 8-10 holes for draining the excess water. To fill 100 bags, around
2-2.5m3 of potting mixture will be required. The commonly recommended potting media are
top soil mixed with sand in 3:1 ratio or fertile top soil, sand and well rotten and powdered
cattle manure/vermicompost in the ratio of 3:1:1. Red earth, well rotten and powdered cattle
manure/vermicompost and sand in 1:1:1 ratio can also be used.
In order to produce poly bag seedlings, the seed nuts are initially sown very closely
and allowed to germinate in a pre nursery bed. The germinated nuts are picked out from
nursery once a week until 80% of nuts have germinated or up to 5 months from sowing,
whichever is earlier. The germinated nuts are placed in half filled poly bags with the sprout
positioned upwards in the centre of the bag and sufficient potting mixture is added to fill the
bags up to two-third portion and the sides slightly pressed to keep the nut firm. Usually the
poly bag seedlings are maintained for about 8 to 10 months.
List of NHB accredited Nurseries: availability of quality seeds / planting material.
COCONUT
S No. Nursery Name Nursery Address Star
Rating
No.of
Mother
Plants
Production
Capacity
1 A.K.G. Nursery Garden
A.K.G. Nursery Garden (Prop.-
Murali K.), Vill. & Post-
Arasampatti, Tq.-
Pochampalli,Krishnagiri ( T.N.)
2 1000 67000
2 Agri Polyclinic Nursery
Vill- Nive Bk., Tq-
Sangameshwar, Distt- Ratnagiri
(Maharashtra-Pune)
1 200 7000
3 Agri. Policlinic Nursery,
Pamendi
Vill.- Pamendi, Taluk+Distt.-
Ratnagiri (Maharashtra-Pune) 1 300 15000
71
4 Agro Policliic Fruit
Nursery
Vill.-Veshvi, Taluk-Alibag,
Distt.-Raigarh (Maharashtra-
Pune)
1 120 15000
5 Annapoorna Nursery Village- Pethri, Post- Cherkady,
Distt.- Udupi ( karnataka) 2 250 18000
6 Athma Nilayam Nursery
Gardens
Village - Parassala,
Cheruvarakonam, District-
Trivandrum (Kerala)
2 300 12000
7 Bagadehalli
Horticulture Farm
Bagadehalli Horticulture Farm,
Kadur Birur Distt.- Chikmaglure. 1 200 10000
8 Balenhally Horticulture
Farm
Balenhally Horticulture
Farm,Tarikere Distt.-
Chikamagalur.
1 100 6000
9 Barmare Nursery
Village/Post.- Chikhali, Tq.-
Guhagar, Distt.- Ratnagiri
(Mahatashtra- Pune)
1 60 2000
10 Coconut Development
Board, Singheswar
Village - Singheswar,District -
Madhepura (Bihar) 2 100 200000
11 Coconut Nursery Village - Mahuva, district -
Bhavnagar, (Gujarat) 2 700 21000
12
Coconut Research
Station, Balaramapuram
Kottukal
Vill.+P.O.-Balaramapuram
Kottukal, Distt.-Kottayam
(Kerala)
3 600 15000
13 CPCRI Regional
Station, Kayangulam
Village - Krishnapuram, District -
Alappuzha, Kerala 3 300 24500
14 CPCRI, Kasaragod
Director, Central Plantation Crops
Research Institute, Kasaragod,
Post - Kudlu,District - Kasargod,
Pin Code - 671 124 (Kerala)
4 802 43692
15 CPRI, Research Centre
Kidu
Director, Central Plantation Crops
Research Institute, Kasargod,
Post- Kudlu-671124 (Kerala)
4 1271 103844
16 Dantaramakki
Horticulture Farm
Dantaramakki Horticulture Farm,
Dantaramakki, District ?
Chikkamaglur
1 300 15000
17 Fruit Nursery, Kodinar Village - Kodinar, Distt.-
Junagadh ( Gujarat) 1 314 7600
18 Goragondanahalli
Horticulture Farm,
At - Goragondanahalli,Tq. –
Tiptur, Distt.- Tumkur
(Karnataka)
1 200 10000
19 Govt. Nursery,
Mangroal
Vill.- Mangrol, Distt.- Junagadh (
Gujarat) 1 452 5700
20 Hariharapura
Horticulture Farm
Hariharapura Horticulture Farm,
Koppa Distt.- Chikamagalur. 1 49 5000
21 Hattikuni Horticulture
Farm,
At- Hattikuni, Distt – Yadagiri
(Karnataka) 1 200 8000
22 HOPCOMS Nursery, Village- Bijapur, District - 2 105 6000
72
Bijapur Bijapur, Karnataka
23 Horticulture
Farm,Kanavihonnapur
Horticulture Farm,Vill.-
Kanavihonnapur, Distt.- Dharwad
(Karnataka)
1 25 3000
24 HRS, Coconut Nursery,
Ambajipeta
Village - Ambajipeta, District -
East Godawari. 4 710 140000
25
Indira Horticulture
Farm, At –
Badavanahalli,
Indira Horticulture Farm, At –
Badavanahalli, Tq. – Madugiri,
District – Tumkuru (Karnataka)
1 400 10000
26 Instructional Farm Village - Kalliyoor, District -
Thiruvanathapuram ( Kerala ) 1 882 30000
27 Ishaneswar Coconut
Farm, Konark
Village - Kurujanga, Distt.- Puri,
Odisha 1 679 65863
28 J. C. Pura Horticulture
Farm
At- J.C.Pura , Tq.–
Chikkanayakanhalli,Distt.-
Tumkuru (Karnataka)
1 100 10000
29 Jigalur Horticulture
Farm
Jigalur Horticulture Farm, Vill.-
Kundagol Jigalur, Distt.-
Dharwad (Karnataka)
1 60 10000
30 Kalasa Horticulture
Farm, Mudigere
Kalasa Horticulture Farm,
Mudigere Distt.-Chikmagalur. 1 280 9500
31 Kalpatharu Farm &
Nursery
Village - Thavare Koppa,Distt.-
Shimoga (Karnataka) 1 300 25000
32 Kerandia Coconut
Orchard, Puri
Vill.+ P.O.- Puri, Distt.- Puri
(Orrisa) 1 900 6500
33 Kittur Horticulture Farm
(S.S.), Kittur
At-Kittur Distt.- Begalvai
(Karnataka) 1 110 2500
34 Kongalabeedu
Horticulture Farm
Vill.- Konqalabeedu, Taluk-
Hassan, Distt.-Hassan (Karnataka) 1 230 15000
35 Konneralu Horticulture
Farm
Vill.-Konneralu, Tehsil-Hassan,
Distt.- Hassan (Karnataka) 1 146 10000
36 Madihalli Horticulture
Farm,
At- Madihalli, Tq.- – Turvekere,
District – Tumkuru (Karnataka) 1 600 20000
37 Maheswari Farm,
Brahmagiri
Vill+P.O.- Puri, Distt.- Puri
(Orissa) 1 2250 15750
38 Narayanpur Horticulture
Farm,
At- Narayanpur, Distt – Yadagiri
(Karnataka) 1 100 10000
39 R.C.R.S. Farm,
Sakhigopal
Vill.+P.O.-Pattanaikia, Distt.-
Puri, (Orissa) 1 3478 24355
40 Rangaswany
GudaHorticulture Farm,
At- Rangaswany Guda, Tq.–
Kunigal, District – Tumkaru
(Karnataka)
1 1000 20000
41 Regional Fruit Research
Station, Vengurle
Associate Director of
Research,Fruit Plant Nursery of
RFRS, Vengurle of Dr.
B.S.K.K.V Dapoli, District -
Sindhudurg (Maharashtra)
4 250 20000
73
42 Sangar Farm & Nursery Village - Pipri, Taluka - Mandvi,
Distt.- Kutch ( Gujarat) 2 100 10000
43 Somanahalli Kavlu
Horticulture Farm
Vill+Tehsil- Somanahalli, Distt.-
Hassan (Karnataka) 1 800 25000
44 Sri Venkata Srinivasa
Nursery
Vill.+Taluk- Burrilanka, Distt.-
East Godavari (A.P.) 1 500 30000
45 Taluk Fruit Nursery Vill.-Awas, Taluk-Alibag, Distt.-
Raigarh (Maharashtra-Pune) 1 525 22000
46 Taluka Fruits Nursery,
Gholwad
Vill.- Gholwad, Taluk- Dahanu,
Distt.- Thane (Maharashtra-Pune) 2 200 10000
47 Thumbe Farm,
Thombay
Vill.+Taluk- Thombey, Distt.-
Dakshina Kannada (Karnataka) 1 303 4000
Planting material-source, quality and suitability
1. Proposed cultivar / variety/Hybrid
2. Criterion / Rationale for Selection
3. Nursery / Shop from where seeds/
planting material is procured/ purchased
Name of Nursery/ Shop:
Proprietor Name
Contact Number:
4. Warranty provided if any
5. Whether variety/ hybrid/ cultivar
registered under Section 39 (2) of The
Protection of Plant Variety and Farmers
Right Act, 2001 (PPVFR Act)
6. Authority which provides compensation
to the farmers in case a registered
variety does not perform as per the
claim made by the breeders.
Registrar General, PPV & FRA is the
designated officer for redressal of Public
Grievances and can be addressed to:
Registrar General Protection of Plant
Varieties and Farmers’ Right Authority S-2,
A Block, NASC Complex, Opp. Todapur
Village New Delhi -110012
7. Applicability of Seed Act and any State
Act on nursery/ planting material
8. Authority which provides compensation
to the farmers in case a registered
variety does not perform as per the
claim made by the breeders under Seed
Act / State Nursery Act if any
9. Parentage if known
10. Original manufacturer / Source of
planting material
11. Name of Tests with date and lab-
conducted to assure pest and disease free
ness of seeds/ propagation by the
nursery
12. Whether the planting material is
74
imported. If Yes, whether plant
quarantine and disease free certification
was done
5.4.3. Orchard planning Lay out and management / Planting
5.4.3.1. Coconut establishment and layout systems
As recommended by
ICAR Institute/
CAU/SAU/SHU/
Others
Soils with a minimum depth of 1.2 m and good water holding
capacity are preferred for coconut cultivation. Shallow soils with
underlying hard rock, low lying areas subject to water stagnation
and clayey soils with impeded drainage are to be avoided.
However, in lands reclaimed by heaping alternate layers of sand
and clay, coconut thrives well. Proper supply of moisture either
through well distributed rainfall or irrigation and sufficient
drainage are essential for coconut. (Mention source of
publication with date/Year)
Action taken / proposed
by the applicant
Points of Deviation if
any and justification
5.4.3.2.Land preparation
As recommended by
ICAR Institute/
CAU/SAU/SHU/
Others
Preparation of land for planting coconut depends to a large extent
on soil type and environmental factors. If the land is uneven and
full of shrubs, the shrubs have to be cleared and land levelled
before taking pits.
Action taken /
proposed by the
applicant
Points of Deviation if
any and justification
75
5.4.3.3.Planting Season / time and density
Recommended @ Proposed Remarks in case of
deviation
Planting Season /
Time
In well drained soils,
seedlings can be
transplanted with the
onset of southwest
monsoon during June
or with the onset of
north east monsoon
during October-
November. In low
lying areas subject to
inundation during
monsoon periods, it
is preferable to plant
the seedlings after the
cessation of the
monsoon.
Spacing 7.5 m x 7.5 m in the
square system is
generally
recommended. For
facilitating multiple
cropping in coconut
gardens Hedge
system giving a
spacing of 6.5 m
along the rows and
9.0m between rows
or wider spacing of
10 m x 10 m. may be
adopted
Seed/ seedling rate/
Density per Acre
177 palms with 7.5 m
x 7.5 m spacing
170 palms with 6.5 m
x 9.0 m spacing
100 palms with 10 m
x 10 m spacing
Seed / Planting
Material treatment
Treated with Kera
Probio, a PGPR
formulation
Depth of sowing In laterite soil with
rocky substratum,
deeper and wider
pits, 1.5 m x 1.5 m x
1.2 m may be dug
and filled up with
loose soil, powdered
76
cow dung and ash up
to a depth of 60 cm
before planting. In
loamy soils with low
water table, planting
in pits of 1 m x 1 m x
1 m filled with top
soil to height of 50
cm is generally
recommended.
However, when the
water table is high,
planting at the
surface or even on
mounds may be
necessary. While
filling the pits with
soil, it is advisable to
use the top soil. Two
layers of coconut
husk (with concave
surface facing up)
can be arranged at
the bottom of the pit
before filling up.
This will help in
conserving the
moisture. In case of
laterite soil, addition
of 2 kg of common
salt will help in
loosening the soil.
Seedling/
Transplanting age
Generally one year
old seedlings are
preferred for
planting. However,
for planting in
waterlogged areas,
1.5 to 2 year old
seedlings are
preferred.
@: ICAR-CPCRI: Web: www.cpcri.gov.in
77
5.4.3.4.Water and Nutrient Management
1.Water requirements, Source and irrigation methods&
a. Water source, demand and availability
Water Source Water Quality Water
Availability
Last Year
consumption
Current Year
demand
b. Critical stages for Irrigation and Water required under Drip Irrigation: There is no critical
stage defined in coconut as it is a perennial crop and needs moisture throughout the growing
period. Drip irrigation is ideally suited for widely spaced crops like coconut as it saves water,
energy and labour and the WUE is high. Based on a study conducted at ICAR- CPCRI, it
was concluded that yield of coconut with drip irrigation daily @ 66 % of the E0 from
December to May was adequate and comparable to basin irrigation @ 200 litres per palm
once in four days. Thus, there is 34 per cent saving of water in drip irrigation. This is
applicable to varieties and hybrids and also in different soil types. The number of dripping
points should be six for sandy soils and four for other soil types. The rate of water application
should be 2-4 litres per hour per emitter
c. Method of Irrigation: Irrigation methods commonly adopted in coconut gardens are
flooding, basin irrigation, sprinkler or perfo-sprays and drip irrigation. In certain areas of
Tamil Nadu, East and West Godavari Districts of Andhra Pradesh where adequate supply of
water is available, coconut gardens are flood irrigated. There is considerable wastage of
irrigation water under flood irrigation. In addition flood irrigation leads to poor aeration
especially in clay soil leads to water stagnation and spread of disease viz., Ganoderma. Hence
flood irrigation for coconut is not advisable and should be avoided. In basin irrigation, water
is applied in the basins of 1.8 to 2.0 m which is the active root zone of coconut. Irrigation
channels are provided in between two rows and each basin is connected with the channel. In
this method there will be some loss of water due to deep percolation, seepage and
evaporation. However this loss is reduced when basins are irrigated through hose pipes. This
is being advocated to reduce water loss in transit. Still, there is loss due to deep percolation
and surface evaporation. ICAR- CPCRI recommends application of 200 l of water once in
four days. For the WCT palms in red sandy loam soils on the west coast, perfo irrigation
with 20 mm water, when cumulative pan evaporation was 20 mm found to be the best
irrigation schedule. Sprinkler irrigation or perfo sprays are most suited to inter or mixed
cropping systems where the entire surface requires wetting. The quantity of water applied
should be at least 75 per cent of open pan Evaporation (Eo).
Soil water conservation practices: Proper soil and moisture conservation practices are
essential for ensuring sustainable production especially when coconut is grown under rainfed
condition with undulating terrain and sloppy conditions.
78
a) Mulching
In order to conserve soil moisture in the coconut plantations, mulching with various types of
organic materials can be practiced. The best time for mulching is before the end of the
monsoon and before the top soil dries up. For mulching, cut coconut leaves into two or three
pieces. To cover 1.8 m radius of coconut basin, 10 to 15 fallen coconut leaves are required
and can be spread in two to three layers.
Mulching with composted coir pith to 10 cm thickness (approximately 50 kg/palm) around
coconut basin is also an ideal method to conserve moisture. Coir pith can hold moisture five
times its weight. Due to its fibrous and loose nature, incorporation of coir pith considerably
improves the physical properties and water holding capacity of soil and thereby increases
coconut productivity. The applied material may last for about 1 to 2 years. The weeded
materials also can be used for mulching and should be properly dried before applying as
mulch in the basins. Weeds should be cut before flowering/seed set.
b) Husk burial
Burial of husk in trenches in between the rows of palms is also effective for moisture
conservation in coconut gardens. Husk burial is to be done at the beginning of the monsoon
in linear trenches of 1.2 m width and 0.6 m depth between rows of palms with concave side
of husks facing upwards and each layer is to be covered with soil.
c) Catch pit filled with coconut husk
Catch pits can be constructed at slopes to conserve soil and water. Though there are
no standard dimensions for catch pits, catch pits of 1.5 m length x 0.5 m width x 0.5 m depth
can be constructed. A bund is to be made at the downside using the excavated soil and
pineapple suckers may be planted on it. This pit is also filled with coconut husk.
d) Contour trench filled with coconut husk
This measure is to be taken up where the land slope is high. Trenches of 50 cm width
x 50 cm depth and convenient length are to be made in between two rows of coconut palms.
These trenches would be filled with coconut husk. Coconut husks need to be filled in layers
with the bottom layers facing up and top layer facing down. A bund of 20 cm height and
suitable width (>50 cm) is made at the downstream using the excavated soil. Two layers of
pineapple plants are to be planted on the bund with a spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm. Pineapple
plants would stabilize the bund and provide additional income to the farmer. The runoff water
from the upper side would be collected in the trenches. Soil particles would also get deposited
in the trench along with the runoff water. Coconut husk retains the moisture and makes it
available for plants during summer months
2.Nutrient management—Manure, Bio-/ Chemical fertilizers including micro nutrients:/
Fertigation. Dosage and method and time of application for efficacy, food safety and
environment sustainability.
Manuring
Regular manuring right from the first year of planting is essential for good vegetative growth,
early flowering and bearing and high yield of coconut palms.
It is always advisable to test soil in the coconut garden periodically (once in 3 years) based on
the results of which type and dosage of chemical fertilizers should be decided. From an
existing coconut garden soil sample should be taken from the basin of the palm 1 m away
from the trunk.
79
Application of chemical fertilizers
The first application of chemical fertilizers should be done three months after planting and
the quantity of fertilizer to be applied is approximately one tenth of the recommended dose of
fertilizer for adult palms. During the second year, one third of the dosage recommended for
adult palms may be applied in two split doses in May-June and September-October. This
dosage may be doubled during the third year. From the fourth year onwards, fertilizers may
be applied at the rate recommended for adult palms.
Application of 500 g N, 320 g P2O5 and 1200 g K2 0 per palm per year is generally
recommended for adult plantations. To supply the above quantity of nutrients for an adult
palm, it is necessary to apply about 1 kg urea, 1.5 kg rock phosphate (in acidic soil) or 2 kg
super phosphate (in other soils) and 2 kg of muriate of potash (MOP). It can be also be
applied through applying 700g Di ammonium phosphate (DAP), 815g of Urea and 2 kg of
MOP. Fertilizers may be applied in two split doses for the rainfed palms. After the receipt of
summer showers, one-third of the recommended dose of fertilizers may be spread around the
palms within a radius of 1.8 m and forked in. Circular basins of 1.8m in radius and 25 cm
depth may be dug during August-September and green leaf or compost or farm yard manure
at the rate 50 kg per palm may be spread in the pits. The remaining two-third of the
recommended dose of fertilizers may be spread over the green leaf or compost and covered.
Wherever irrigation facilities are available it is advisable to go for more number of splits ,
preferably four split doses (June, August, November and February).
Fertilizer recommendation for coconut (g/tree)
May-June September- October
N P2O5 K2O N P2O5 K2O
First year Planting in May-June 50 40 135
Second year 50 40 135 110 80 270
Third year 110 80 270 220 160 540
Fourth year
onwards
170 120 400 330 200 800
Drip fertigation
If there is drip irrigation facility, then the water soluble fertilizers like urea, DAP, phosphoric
acid (commercial grade) and muriate of potash can be applied along with drip irrigation in 6
equal splits. Through fertigation, it is recommended to provide 91 g urea, 33 ml phosphoric
acid and 170 g muriate of potash per palm per application. When DAP is used it is
80
recommended to provide 70 g urea, 60 g DAP and 170 g muriate of potash for a single dose
per palm.
When the recommended dose of phosphatic fertilizers are applied continuously, the available
phosphorus in the soil goes up. When it is more than 20 ppm, application of phosphatic
fertilizers can be skipped for a few years until the level goes below 20 ppm. If the level is 10
to 20 ppm, half of the recommended phosphorous can be applied.
Application of soil amendments
In soils with acidic nature, in addition to the recommended level of fertilizers, 1 kg of
dolomite or 1 kg of lime may be applied per palm per year. Dolomite/ lime may be broadcast
during April- May in the basins and incorporated into the soil by forking. It should not be
applied along with other fertilizers.
For coconut palms showing yellowing of leaves due to Magnesium deficiency, 0.5 kg of
magnesium sulphate can be applied in the basins along with other fertilizers during
September- October.
Deficiency of the micronutrients, especially Boron, is also observed in coconut palms in
certain localities. The symptoms of boron deficiency include emergence of shorter leaves
with fasciated and crinkled leaves, crown choking, failure unfurl leaves, button shedding,
barren nuts and immature nut fall, ultimately resulting in the death of the affected palm.
About 100 g of borax is to be applied at bi-monthly intervals till the symptom disappears.
Soil Health Analysis:
Dated Institute
Soil Health
Parameters
Values Recommended range Remarks
As recommended by
ICAR Institute/
CAU/SAU/SHU/
Others
(Mention source of publication with date/Year)
Action taken /
proposed by the
applicant
Points of Deviation if
any and justification
Availability of Water and Nutrient management plan: Yes/ No
81
5.4.3.5.Intercultural operations including Weed management
As
recommended by
ICAR Institute/
CAU/SAU/SHU/
Others
Tillage operations like digging the garden with "mammatty" (spade),
and making shallow basins with a radius of about 2 m at the beginning
of monsoon and filling up at the close of monsoon are beneficial to the
trees. Generally two ploughings can be undertaken per year one is
during pre and post monsoon period. In sandy soils, which are
generally of low fertility and do not have a luxuriant growth of weeds,
regular intercultivation may not be necessary, but in other soils which
permit quick growth of weeds, intercultivation will be necessary to keep
weeds under control. Method of intercultivation will depend upon local
conditions, availability of labour, size of holding, soil type, topography
and distribution of rainfall.
(Mention source of publication with date/Year)
Action taken /
proposed by the
applicant
Points of
Deviation if any
and justification
82
5.4.3.10. Integrated Pest and Diseases Management including Biological control and Food
Safety
Fungal diseases and management (Source: Coconut technical bulletin published by CPCRI
2017)
Diseases Causal organism Management
1. Bud rot Phytophthora
palmivora Butl.
I. Prophylactic treatment
Removal of all disease advanced and dead
palms
Crown cleaning and Field hygiene should
follow before the monsoon season
Application of 1 % Bordeaux mixture or
Keeping of two perforated sachets each
containing 3 g chlorothalonil 78.12%WP in the
innermost leaf axils in opposite direction at
two month’s interval up to December month.
II. Curative treatment
Identify bud rot incidence, if any, in the
initial stage
Removal of infected tissues completely
and pouring of 10% Bordeaux paste and
cover with a polythene sheet to prevent
entry of rain water. The protective
covering has to be retained till normal
shoot emerges
Destroy the infected tissues removed by
burning or deeply burying in the soil.
2. Leaf rot Colletotrichum
gloeosporioides,
Exserohilum
rostratum and
Fusarium solani.
Cut and remove rotten portions of the
spindle and the adjacent two innermost
fully opened leaves.
Mix 2 ml of Hexaconazole 5EC in 300 ml
water and pour around the base of the
spindle leaf
Or apply talc based formulation of
Pseudomonas fluorescens or Bacillus
subtilis singly or in consortium @ 50 g in
500 ml/palm.
In disease endemic areas, treat all palms in
the plantation (healthy and diseased) twice
a year (April-May, October-November).
To make this operation more economical
the treatment should be given along with
83
harvest of nuts before and after the
monsoon.
3. Stem
bleeding
Theilaviopsis
paradoxa (De Seynes)
Höhn
Removal and destruction of disease
advanced and dead palms.
Application of recommended dose of
fertilizers (N(560g), P(320g) and K(1200g)
in two equal splits during June-July and
December –January) and provide irrigation
(45 to 50 l per palm per day) during
summer.
The affected tissues should be completely
removed using a chisel and smear the
wound with 10% Carbendazim (10g in 100
ml of water) and basin drenching with 40
liters of 0.1% Bavistin at quarterly
intervals up to one year.
Root feeding with 100 ml of 5%
Carbendazim at quarterly intervals up to
one year.
Smearing of Trichoderma talc powder
paste on the bleeding patches of the stem
(The paste can be prepared by adding 50g
of Trichoderma talc powder to 25 ml of
water).
4.
Ganoderma
wilt
G. applanatum (pers.)
Pat., and G. lucidum
(leys) Karst.
Removal of dead palms, palms in advanced
stages of the disease and destruction of the
bole and root bits of these palms.
Application of recommended dose of
fertilizers (N(560g), P(320g) and K(1200g)
in two equal splits during June-July and
December –January) and provide irrigation
(45 to 50 l per palm per day) during
summer.
Isolation of diseased palms from healthy
palms by digging isolation trenches of 1 m
deep and 60 cm wide.
Regular basin irrigation during summer
months or moisture conservation by
coconut husk burial (250 husk/palm).
Avoid flood irrigation or ploughing in
infected gardens to prevent spread of the
inoculum.
Raising banana as intercrop wherever
irrigation is possible.
Soil application of Trichoderma harzianum
(CPTD 28) enriched neem cake @ 5
84
kg/palm at quarterly intervals up to one
year, irrigate the palms once in a week and
followed by mulching around the palm
basin.
Root feeding of Hexaconazole 5EC @ 2%
(100 ml solution per palm) at quarterly
intervals and soil drenching @0.2% of
Hexaconazole 5EC (40 l solution per palm)
or with 40 L of 1 per cent Bordeaux
mixture.
6. Grey leaf
spot/blight
Pestalotiopsis
palmarum
Lasiodiplodia
theobromae
Management of Grey leaf spot/blight disease
caused by Pestalotiopsis palmarum
Removal of severely infected leaves
Spraying of 1% Bordeaux mixture or
0.2% Carbendazim 50 WP two times at 45
days interval depending on severity of
disease
Application of recommended dosage of
chemical fertilizers ( N(560g), P(320g) and
K(1200g) in two equal splits during June-
July and September – October) and green
leaf manure or FYM (25 -30 kg per palm),
provide irrigation (45 to 50 l per palm per
day) during summer.
Management of leaf blight disease caused by
Lasiodiplodia theobromae
Removal and burning of severely
affected leaves to avoid further
spread.
Bio-control: Application of (200 g)
Pseudomonas fluorescens along
with FYM (50 kg) + Neemcake (5
kg) /palm/yr.
Spraying of Bordeaux mixture
(1%) or Copper oxychloride (0.25
%) - two times at 45 days interval
during summer months.
Root feeding with carbendazim 2g
or hexaconazole 2ml in 100 ml
water three times at 3 months
interval.
Phytoplasma diseases and management
Root (wilt) Phytoplasma- Management for heavily diseased tracts:
85
disease
16SrRNA group
XI
Removal of disease advanced and diseased
juvenile palms: Disease advanced palms with a
root (wilt) disease index of 70 and above respond
poorly to any kind of management practice because
of lack of sufficient roots and photosynthetic leaf
area. Juvenile palms that contract the disease
before the onset of flowering has a tendency to
seldom yield. Hence such uneconomical palms
have to be removed.
Planting disease resistant/tolerant varieties: As
RWD is not amenable to conventional plant
protection measures, cultivation of resistant
varieties is the most ideal method for management.
The resistant/tolerant varieties Kalparaksha
(selection from Malayan Green Dwarf), Kalpasree
(selection from Chowghat Green Dwarf) and the
hybrid Kalpasankara (Chowghat Green Dwarf X
West Coast Tall) released from Central Plantation
Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) are suitable for
cultivation in RWD endemic tracts.
Balanced fertilizer application: Apply of lime or
dolomite @1.0 kg/palm, 10-12 days prior to
fertilizer application to correct the soil pH. Apply
recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (NPK
@500:300:1000g/palm/year) along with 1.0 kg
magnesium sulphate /palm/year .
Addition of organic manures: Apply organic
manure @ 20kg/palm
Raising of green manure crops in the basins and
incorporation: Green manure crops viz., Mimosa
invisa, Calopogoniummuconoides,
Vignaunguiculata and Peurariaphaseoloides are
ideal for raising in coconut basins. They produce
around 20-25 kg fresh biomass which can
supplement the organic matter to the soil and also
N,P and K @130,12 and 115 g respectively.
Soil and water conservation measures: Mulching
using coconut leaves/ husk burial should be
undertaken during November to May to conserve
soil moisture during summer months. Irrigate the
palms with 200-250Lof water once in four days
through basin irrigation or 32-35Lof water
/palm/day through drip irrigation during summer
periods
Management of leaf rot and other pests: Adopt
recommended management practices against leaf
rot and other pests as they have profound influence
86
S.No Name of the Insect
Pest
IPM recommendation Source of
recommendation
5. Pests and management
1. Rhinoceros beetle
(Oryctes rhinoceros
Linn.)
Field sanitation and
removal of adult beetle
by means of metal hook.
Application of powdered
oil cakes of neem
(Azadirachta indica) or
marotti (Hydnocarpus
wightiana) or Pongamia
pinnata @ 250 g. mixed
with equal volume of
sand in to the top most
three leaf axils around the
base of the spindle leaf
CPCRI Technical bulletin
on Coconut 2017
on productivity of palms
Inter and mixed cropping: Adoption of high
density multispecies cropping system (HDMSCS)
involving vegetables, spices, tubers and fruit crops
has been observed to enhance the net return from
root (wilt) affected gardens
Mixed farming:Mixed farming in the diseased
gardens involving raising of fodder crops in the
inter spaces, maintaining milch cows and recycling
of animal manures increase the income as well as
the employment potential of farm. Addition of
animal manures improve the soil physico chemical
and biological properties which in turn enhance the
productivity of diseased palms.
Management for mildly affected area
Removing all the diseased palms: The spread of
the disease can be arrested by systematic
surveillance and rouging of diseased palms as and
when identified.
Replanting with disease free healthy seedlings:
Sero-diagnostic test is being used extensively in the
identification of healthy elite mother palms,
screening of the progenies of elite palms, screening
nursery seedlings and for confirmation of RWD in
new areas of incidence. Replanting with quality
seedlings has to be undertaken only in gardens with
sufficient space. The varieties resistant/ tolerant to
RWD may be used for replanting in RWD endemic
areas.
87
during May, September
and December.
Application of
naphthalene balls in the
leaf axils at the base of
the spindle @ 12g per
palm covered with sand
for juvenile palms.
Placement of
chlorantraniliprole (0.4%)
GR or chlorpyrifos dust
@ 6 g mixed with 250
sand or perforated
polythene sachet
containing 5 g
Chlorantraniliprole 0.4%
GR in the leaf axils.
Incorporation of the weed
plant, Clerodendron
infortunatum Linn. @
10% w/w in the compost
pit.
Treating breeding sites
with green muscardine
fungus, Metarhizium
anisopliae @ 5x 1011
spores per m3.
Release of Oryctes
rhinoceros nudivirus
(OrNV) infected beetles
@ 10 - 12 Nos. per ha.
Setting aggregation
pheromone (Oryctalure)
trap @ 1 per ha.
2. Red palm weevil
(Rhynchophorus
ferrugineus Oliver)
Prompt destruction of
infested plant materials.
Prophylactic leaf axil
treatment for O.
rhinoceros with a mixture
of neem cake, marotti
cake or pongamia cake
(250 g) and sand (250 g)
keeps away red palm
weevil also.
Prophyalctic leaf axil
filling of chlopyrifos dust
(6g) or chlorantraniliprole
(0.4%) GR (6 g) or
fipronil granules (6g)
88
mixed with sand (250 g)
is found effective.
Curative treatment with
imidacoprid (0.02%) or
spinosad (0.013%) or
indoxycarb (0.04%) is
found effective.
Insecticide solution
should be administered
into the palm with a
funnel through the
uppermost hole after
plugging all the holes.
Trapping adult weevils
using aggregation
pheromone (Ferrolure) in
food baited bucket traps
@ 1 trap per ha.
3. Nut infesting
eriophyid mite
(Aceria guerreronis
Keifer)
Spraying of neem oil-
garlic soap mixture 2%
or azadirachtin 1% @ or
root feeding with
azadirachtin 5% (7.5
ml+7.5 ml water) or
azadirachtin 1% (10 ml
+10 ml of water) is
recommended for mite
management.
Talc based formulation of
Hirsutella thompsoni @
20 g/l/ palm containing
1.6 x 108 cfu with a
frequency of three
sprayings per year.
Adoption of INM
package including
application of NPK
fertilizers as per
recommended levels,
recycling of biomass or
raising of green manure
crops in coconut basin,
summer irrigation and
moisture conservation
measures are also
recommended.
4. Leaf eating
caterpillar (Opisina
arenosella Walker)
Removal and burning of
fully dried 2-3 outer
whorl of leaves helps in
89
removing the pupae and
other pest stages.
Release of larval
parasitoids, Goniozus
nephantidis @ 20
parasitoid / palm and
Bracon brevicornis @ 30
parasitoid / palm.
Setting up of pheromone
traps @ 40 per ha.
Nutritional management
of the palm with balance
dose of recommended
fertilizers and proper
irrigation to rejuvenate
the pest affected palms.
5. White grub
(Leucopholis
coneophora Burm. )
Deep ploughing during
pre- and post- monsoon
periods exposes grubs to
predators.
Setting up of light traps.
Mechanical collection
and destruction of adult
beetles during peak
emergence period (May/
June)
Drenching the root zone
with chlorpyrifos 20 EC
@ 2.5 ml/l, imidacloprid
@ 240 g ai/ha or
bifenthrin @ 4.0 kg ai/ha
during May- June and
September – October.
Root zone application of
entomopathogenic
nematode, Steinernema
carpocapse @ 1.5 billion
IJs / ha and imidacloprid
17.8 SL @ 0.25 ml / litre
during September-
October.
6. Rugose spiralling
whitefly (RSW)
(Aleurodicus
rugioperculatus )
Application of 1% starch
solution on leaflets to
flake out the sooty
moulds.
Installation of yellow
sticky traps on the palm
.16p.
90
trunk to trap adult
whiteflies.
Encourage build up of
parasitoids (Encarsia
guadeloupae) and re-
introduce parasitized
pupae to emerging zones
of whitefly outbreak.
In severe case, spray
neem oil @ 0.5% and no
insecticide is
recommended.
Complete destruction of
RSW and immature
stages on coconut
seedlings by spraying
imidacloprid @ 0.005%
to avoid spread of the
pest to new areas.
Habitat conservation of
sooty mould feeding
scavenging beetles
(Leiochrinus nilgirianus)
in the palm ecosystem.
6. Nematodes and management
1. Burrowing
nematode,
Radopholus similis
Application of oil cakes,
farmyard manure and
growing of sun hemp in
the basin and interspaces,
and their incorporation as
green manure help in the
inhibition of nematode
multiplication.
use of nematode free
healthy seedlings in the
main field.
Raising coconut seedlings
in plastic bags containing
potting mixture enriched
with bio-agents such as
Paeceilomyces lilacinus,
Pasturia penetrans and
mycorrhizae can supress
nematode multiplication.
Application of neem cake
@ 5 kg/palm.
2. Root-knot
nematode: Follow crop rotation with
non-host crops, selection
91
Meloidogyne
incognita
(Infesting inter
crops grown in
coconut gardens)
of tolerant varieties,
changing planting site
every year, fallowing,
growing of antagonistic
crops like marigold in
alternate rows reduce
nematode population
build up.
Application of bio control
agents such as
Trichoderma, VAM and
Paecilomyces lilacinus
reduce nematode
population.
92
5.4.5.Farm Structures and Farm Mechanisation
5.4.5.2. Farm Mechanisation
Available Machinery and equipment’s / implements
Operations Available Machinery
and equipment’s /
implements
Proposed use justification
Harvesting Coconut climbing
device (Joseph model,
paddle type, TNAU
model and CPCRI
model)
For harvesting
coconut
For easy climbing
Dehusking Mechanical dehusker To remove husk High capacity,
gender friendly and
less drudgery
Deshelling Coconut deshelling
machine (Single and
double head)
To remove shell
after partial
drying for copra
making
High capacity,
gender friendly and
less drudgery
Deshelling Coconut shell
removing machine
(Single and double
head)
To remove shell
from fresh
coconut
High capacity,
gender friendly and
less drudgery
Testa removing Testa remover (Single
and double head)
To remove testa High capacity,
gender friendly and
less drudgery
Pulverizing Coconut pulverizer To produce wet
fine powder
from coconut
kernel
High capacity,
gender friendly and
less drudgery
Slicing Coconut slicing
machine (Manual and
Electrical)
For making 0.75
– 1 mm thick
coconut slices
High capacity,
gender friendly and
less drudgery
93
Drying Shell fired copra dryer,
Solar tunnel dryer
For making
copra
High capacity,
gender friendly and
less drudgery
Drying Coconut chips dryer
(Electrical and
Agricultural waste
fired)
For making
coconut chips
High capacity,
gender friendly and
less drudgery
Milk extraction Coconut milk
extracting machine
(Manual, hydraulic,
single and double
screw milk expellers)
For extracting
milk from
pulverized
coconut kernels
High capacity,
gender friendly and
less drudgery
Cooking Virgin Coconut Oil
cooker (LPG / Biogas /
Steam boiler /
Agricultural waste
fired)
To make virgin
coconut oil by
hot processing
and coconut
sugar from
Neera/Kalparasa
High capacity,
gender friendly and
less drudgery
Fermentation Fermentation tank To make virgin
coconut oil by
fermentation
processing
High capacity,
gender friendly and
less drudgery
Neera/Kalparasa
tapping
Coco-sap chiller box To extract
Neera/Kalparasa
from coconut
inflorescence
Hygienic tapping,
gender friendly and
less drudgery
Tender nut water
extraction
Tender nut punch and
cutter
To extract water
and pulp from
tender coconut
Hygienic extraction,
gender friendly and
less drudgery
Tender nut ball
extraction
Snowball tender nut
machine
To take tender
nut ball along
with water
Hygienic extraction,
gender friendly and
less drudgery
94
5.5. Post-Harvest Management
5.5.1. Post-Harvest infrastructure scenario in horticulture sector in the State and specially for
the proposed crop / component
The introduction of Technology Mission Programme on coconut by Coconut Development
Board since 2001-02, has given adequate emphasis on product diversification and market
promotional activities in coconut sector. 439 new coconut processing units with capacity to
process more than 2600 million nuts per year has been established under the programme for
value addition and by product utilization and thereby extended opportunities for
diversification of coconut products. 25 tender coconut water preserving and packing units
were established with capacity to process 138.6 million tender nuts per year. Moreover, 103
desiccated coconut powder units with capacity to process 1221 million nuts per year, and 54
virgin coconut oil production units with capacity to process 217 million coconut per year
have also been established. (Source: Indian Coconut Journal, February 2018)
95
Harvesting of coconuts
Stage of maturity of nuts at harvest
Coconuts are harvested at different stages of maturity for specific uses. For tender nut
purpose, harvesting is done when the nuts are six to eight months old. For snowball tender
nut and coconut chips purpose, eight to nine and nine to ten month old nuts are harvested
respectively. For the production of copra and other kernel based products, only fully mature
coconuts are harvested. The nuts reach full maturity in 11 to 12 months after the
inflorescence is opened. At this stage, the output of copra and oil as well as brown fibre
would be the maximum. In a study in India, it was found that compared to 12 month old nuts,
the copra yield was less to the extent of six percent in 11 month old nuts, 16 percent in 10
month old nuts and 33 percent in nine month old nuts. The corresponding reduction in the
percentage of oil was found to be five, 15 and 33 percent respectively. In places where green
husks are in demand for the production of white fibre, the usual practice is to harvest 11
month old nuts. The slightly low copra output at this stage would, however, be compensated
by the additional income derived from the fibre and its products.
Harvesting
Though the coconut palm produces an average of 12 inflorescences in one year, some of the
inflorescences are likely to abort or may fail to develop into fruit bunches due to
environmental factors. Consequently, the number of bunches available for harvest is less than
12 in many areas. Similarly, the frequency of harvest also varies from country to country and
also within the countries. In many areas, six to twelve harvests per year are the usual practice.
In the properly managed gardens, harvest at monthly intervals is usually adopted. In the
neglected gardens, bunches are not produced regularly and, as such, not more than six
harvests are possible in a year. In most of the coconut growing countries, harvesting is done
at bimonthly intervals and only fully mature nuts of 12 months or above are harvested.
96
5.5.2.Product / Process Flow chart- Illustrative ( It should be crop and project specific)
Fig. Flow chart of Desiccated Coconut powder production
5.5.3. Lay out/Floor plan of post harvest operations
Fig. Flow chart of Virgin Coconut Oil processing
97
Fig. Process protocol developed for the production of coconut chips
(Source: http://coconutboard.nic.in/process.htm)
Fig. Flow chart of Flavoured coconut milk processing
Pasteurization at 75- 80 ° C for 10 min using plate heat exchanger
Addition of stabilizers and emulsifiers
Addition of preservative
Milk extraction
98
Fig. Flow chart for coconut milk packaging
Figure. Flow chart.-Protocol for the preparation of coconut sugar, jaggery and honey
Homogenization
Packing the product (bottling/ canning/ Form fill seal)
Kalparasa (pH > 6.8)
Straining---------Foreign matter rejected
Boiling (60 to 70o Brix) Honey
Concentration ------ Poured to moulds of coconut leaf/steel Jaggary
Concentrate further
Cool at room temperature
Sugar (14 to 15% recovery)
99
5.6 Marketing
5.6.1.Connectivity of project site and produce
Road connectivity
Rail connectivity
Air connectivity
5.6.2.Nearest produce Assembling / Aggregation unit/ place if any
5.6.3.Existing Market Institutions – Agri.Produce Market Committees, …………………….
a) Near to Project site
b) Within the District / Neighbourhood districts
c) Within the State
d) In Adjacent State
5.6.4.Alternative Marketing strategies;
a. Pre-harvest contract
b. On Farm Marketing
c. Retail Marketing
d. Wholesale marketing
e. Online Marketing
f. Exports
5.6.5.Traceability Record/ system proposed if any for packs.
100
5.6.6.Proposed value chain / method of Marketing by the Applicant
101
5.7 Value Addition/ Processing
Potential for the processing of crop produce / commodity and facilities / infrastructure
available
Processing product (s) Infrastructure /
Processing units
available
Capacity %
capacity
utilisation
Remarks
102
6 Technology providers
6.1.Research Institute (s) [ ICAR/CAU/SAU/SHU etc.] providing / from which technical
details are ascertained
103
6.2. Experts-whose services are availed -Crop expert / Subject Matter Specialist (SMS)
and other experts consulted DPR preparation.
Crop Expert Name of Horticulturist/ Crop Expert
(Mandatory) Current profession:
Educational Qualification and
University passed out
Registration Number if any
Permanent Address:
Contact Number:
Hi Tech Expert Name of Expert
(Desirable) Current profession:
Educational Qualification and
University passed out
Registration Number if any
Permanent Address:
Contact Number:
Post-Harvest
Management
Expert
Name of PHM Expert
(Desirable) Current profession:
Educational Qualification and
University passed out
Registration Number if any
Permanent Address:
Contact Number:
Cold storage / Infra
Expert / Charter
Engineer
Name of Expert
(Desirable) Current profession:
104
Educational Qualification and
University passed out
Registration Number if any
Permanent Address:
Contact Number:
Market Expert Name of Expert
(Desirable) Current profession:
Educational Qualification and
University passed out
Registration Number if any
Permanent Address:
Contact Number:
Project Finance Name of Expert
(Mandatory) Current profession:
Educational Qualification and
University passed out
Registration Number if any
Permanent Address:
Contact Number:
6.3.Agri-Business Incubators
1. List of Incubators nearest to the project.
2. If any assistance is taken from the incubators, details
105
7 Food Safety – With / Without Good Agricultural Practices Certification
7.1. GAP Optional
Whether the applicant proposes to undertake Good Agricultural
Practices?
Yes/No
If Yes. What brand / kind GAP – Provide details of brand
Provide Certifying Agency details and contact person
NABL lab whose services are proposed to be availed to assure
compliance with regard to pesticide / chemical residue.
7.2.FOOD SAFETY MEASURES
7.2.1.Pre-Planting Measures
Activity Action taken /Proposed
to be in the project
1. Site selection
Land or site for coconut cultivation should be selected
on the basis of land history, previous manure
applications and crop rotation.
2. Manure handling and field application
Livestock manure can be a valuable source of nutrients,
but it also can be a source of human pathogens if not
managed correctly.
a) Proper and thorough composting of manure,
incorporating it into soil prior to planting, and avoiding
top-dressing of plants are important steps toward
reducing the risk of microbial contamination.
3. Manure storage and sourcing
a) Manure should be stored as far away as practical from
areas where fresh produce is grown and handled.
b) Physical barriers or wind barriers should be erected to
prevent runoff and wind drift of manure.
c) Manure should be actively compost so that high
106
temperature achieved by well-managed, aerobic
compost can kill most harmful pathogens.
4. Timely application of manure
Manure should be applied at the end of the season to all
planned vegetable ground or fruit acreage, preferably
when soils are warm, non-saturated, and cover-cropped.
If manure is being applied at the start of a season, then
the manure should be spread two weeks before planting,
preferably to grain or forage crops.
5. Selection of appropriate crop
Farmers should avoid growing root and leafy crops in
the year that manure is applied to a Field. Manure
should be applied to perennial crops in the planting year
only. The long period between application and harvest
will reduce the risks.
7.2.2.Production Measures
1. Irrigation water quality
Ideally, water used for irrigation or chemical spray
should be free from pathogen. However, potable water
or municipal water is not feasible for extensive use for
crop production.
a) Hence, surface water used for irrigation should be
quarterly tested in laboratory for pathogen.
b) Farmers can filter or use the settling ponds to
improve water quality.
c) Fruit and vegetable crops should not be side
dressed with fresh or slurry manure. If side
dressing is required, well composted or well-aged
(greater than one year) manure should be used for
the application.
2. Irrigation methods
a) Drip irrigation method should be used, whenever
possible to reduce the risk of crop contamination
because the edible parts of most crops are not
wetted directly.
107
b) Plant disease levels also may be reduced and
water use efficiency is maximized with this
method.
3. Field sanitation and animal exclusion
a) Farmers should stay out of wet fields to reduce
the spread of plant or human pathogens.
b) Tractors, plant, machinery and equipments that
were used in manure handling should be cleaned
prior to entering produce fields.
c) Animals, including poultry or pets should not be
allowed to roam in crop areas, especially close to
harvest time.
4. Worker facilities and hygiene
a) Farmers should get proper training to make them
understand the relationship between food safety and
personal hygiene. These facilities should be
monitored and enforced.
b) Ideally, farm workers should be provided clean, well-
maintained and hygienic toilet facilities around the
farming areas separately for the male and female.
7.2.3.Harvest
1. Clean harvest aids
a) Bins and all crop containers have to washed
and rinsed under high pressure. All crop
containers should be sanitized before harvest.
b) Bins should be properly covered, when not in
used to avoid contamination by birds and
animals.
2. Worker hygiene and training
a) Good personal hygiene is particularly
important during the harvest of crops. Sick
employees or those with contaminated hands
can spread pathogens to produce.
b) Employee awareness, meaningful training and
108
accessible restroom facilities with hand wash
stations encourage good hygiene.
7.2.4.Post-Harvest Handling
1. Worker hygiene
a) Hands can contaminate fresh fruits and
vegetables with harmful microbes
b) Packing area should be cleaned and sanitized.
c) Supply liquid soap in dispensers, potable
water, and single-use paper towels for hand
washing.
d) Packing area should be cleaned and sanitized.
Supply liquid soap in dispensers, potable
water, and single-use paper towels for hand
washing.
e) Workers should be properly educated about
the importance of restroom use and proper
hand washing.
f) Encourage proper use of disposable gloves on
packing lines.
g) Sick employee should not be given food-
contact jobs.
2. Monitor wash water quality
a. Potable water should be preferably used in all
washing operations.
b. Clean water should be maintained in dump
tank by sanitizing and changing water
regularly.
c. Use chlorinated water and other labeled
disinfectants to wash fresh produce.
3. Sanitize packinghouse and packing operations
a. Loading, staging, and all food contact surfaces
should be cleaned and sanitized at the end of
each day.
109
b. Exclude all animals, especially rodents and
birds from the packinghouse.
c. Wash, rinse and sanitize the packing line belts,
conveyors, and food contact surfaces at the
end of each day to avoid buildup of harmful
microorganisms.
d. Packaging material should be stored in a clean
area
4. Pre-cooling and cold storage
a. After harvesting, fruits and vegetables should
be quickly cooled to minimize the growth of
pathogens and maintain good quality.
b. Water bath temperature for cooling should not
be more than 10F cooler than the produce pulp
temperature.
c. Refrigeration room should not be overloaded
beyond cooling capacity.
5. Transportation of produce from farm to market
a) Proper cleanliness of the transportation
vehicles should be ensured before loading.
b) Farmers have to make sure that fresh fruits
and vegetables are not shipped in trucks which
have carried live animals or harmful
substances.
c) If these trucks must be used, they should be
washed, rinsed, and sanitized them before
transporting fresh produce.
d) For traceability norms, it must be ensured that
each package leaving the farm can be traced to
field of origin and date of packing
Source: TNAU
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/gap_gmp_glp/gap_fresh%20_%20fruits%20&%20veg.html
110
8.Innovation if any
111
9.Profitability of the project (Horti-business): Critical observations of Applicant
112
10 Checklist
Check list for Detail Project Report (DPR)
Mandatory
Information
Document /
Evidence *
Tick
Mark
Project at a Glance √
1 About the Applicant /Promoter √
2 Details of benefits availedby the Applicant
/ Promoter
√
3 About Project -Name, rationale,
Management and Description
1. Name of Project, Activity, Objectives
and expected Outcomes
√
2. Rationale / Justification for the project √
3. Site/ Land details- RoR/ Ownership /
Registration of lease/ map etc.
√ Certified Land
revenue
documents
4. Location of the Project- Identification √
5. Current usage of land of proposed
Project Area
√
6. Current infrastructure and assets
possessed by the Applicant:
√
7. Lay out plan of the project √ Lay out Plan
8. Conversion of Land Use (CLU) √ Certificate
from
competent
authority
9. Whether project site is part of
production belt / cluster / hub
√
10. Rationale for the location of the
project
√
11. Compliance of project site for food
safety
√
12. Components / Activities of the
Project with justification
√
13. Operations planning √
14. Month wise operational chart /
Implementation schedule
√
15. Backward and Forward linkages. √
16. Manpower (Skilled & Unskilled
labour etc.) availability
√
17. Infrastructure (Power, Fuel, Water,
Plant and Machinery, connectivity,
Effluents treatment etc.)- Required,
Already available, Gaps and the
management.
√
113
18. Employment generation √
19. SWOT Analysis √
20. Monitoring and evaluation √ Certificate
4 NHB Scheme under which the project is
proposed with rationale / justification.
5 Project details
5.1 Agro-climatic suitability / feasibility
1. Origin
2. and distribution of crop in the said
location and India and in the world
(briefly)
3. Agro-climatic / Horticultural zones
and suitability of the crop (s)
√ IMD Data
4. Soil type and latest health-suitability
for the crop
√ Latest Soil
health card
(not more than
1 month old)
5. Water (irrigation) source, availability,
Quality and suitability
√ Latest Water
Analysis report
(not more than
1 month old)
5.2 Market viability
1. Commercial and Nutritive importance
/ significance, composition and Uses
2. Target Market √
3. Area, Production and Productivity in
the District, State and India for the last
5 years
4. Clusters of the project crop in the
state.
√
5. Demand and Supply Gap √ State
Horticulture
Dept.
6. Global producers- Country, Area,
Production, Productivity and global
market share in the last available 5
years.
7. International trade and potential (for
export oriented projects)
√ @
8. Seasonality of fruit and its comparison
with other available fruits
√
9. Price variation of commodity in the
State and nearby markets
√ State Govt.
10. Balance sheet of commodity in the
State
11. Central and State Government policy
12. Value chain in the commodity √
13. Proposed Strategy by the Applicant
for Marketing and Market viability
√
114
5.3 Financial viability
1. Due diligence status √
2. Project Cost √ Certified by
CA
3. Means of Finance √
4. Investment into Horticulture √
5. Key financial Indicators √
6. Project Financing √
a. Rate of Interest √
b. Returns from the Project
(IRR):
√
c. Cost of Production and
Profitability (Annexure)
√
d. Yield and Sales Chart
(Annexure)
√
e. Proposed Balance
Sheet: (Annexure)
√
f. Proposed Cash flow Statement
for next 7 years (Annexure)
√
g. Proposed Profit & Loss
Account: (Annexure)
√
h. Proposed Repayment of Term
loan and Schedule (Annexure)
√
i. Break even Analysis
(Annexure)
√
j. NPV (Net Present Value) √
k. Economic Rate of Return √
7. Farm record keeping/ Maintenance
proposed
√ Records
5.4 Land development and Crop Husbandry
5.4.1.Land development
5.4.2.Selection of Quality Planting Material
1. Recommended and popular Cultivars-
varieties/hybrids, their specific
characteristics, requirements and
yields
√
2. Cultivar/Hybrid/Variety selected and
Criterion adopted for selection
√
3. Propagation methods √
4. Accredited / Good Nurseries in the
area
√
5. Planting material-source, quality and
suitability
√ Nursery / Shop
Invoice with
Seed quality
5.4.3.Orchard / Site planning, Lay out and
management
1. Planning, establishment and layout
systems
√
2. Land preparation √
3. Planting Season / time and density √
115
and transplanting
4. Water and Nutrient management √ Written plan
5. Intercultural operations including
Weed management
√
6. Plant canopy architecture
management/ training and pruning
√
7. Planting systems and transplanting
of horticultural crops
√
8. Use of Pollinators & pollinisers √
9. Use of Plant growth regulators √
10. Flowering & fruiting √
11. Integrated Pest and Disease
Management and Food Safety
measures
√
12. Physiological disorders- causes,
preventive and management
measures.
√
13. Special problems if any √
5.4.5.Farm Structures and mechanisation √
1. Protective cover structure √ Technical
standards
Undertaking of
expertise /
competency by
Agency
2. Farm Mechanisation √ Company
Brochures
5.4.6.Harvesting and Fruit / flower care
management
5.5 Post-Harvest Management √
1. Post-Harvest infrastructure scenario in
horticulture sector in the State and
specially for the proposed crop /
component
2. Product/ Process Flow chart √
3. Lay out / Floor Plan of post-harvest
operations
√
4. Post-harvest operations (Based on
applicability)
√ Protocols
5. Pre-cooling √
6. Curing √
7. Cleaning / Washing √
8. Sorting and Grading √
9. Packing and labelling √ Models
10. Ripening √
11. Transport √
12. Storage- Low cost / cold storage/ CA √
13. Post-harvest infrastructure – Integrated
Post-harvest Management- (Which ever
√ Technical
Standards
116
component is proposed)
1. Integrated Pack house
2. Pack House
3. Pre-cooling unit
4. Cold Room (Staging)
5. Mobile Pre-cooling unit
6. Ripening Chamber
7. Primary Processing
8. Refer van
9. Retail outlet
10. Labour room
5.6 Marketing
1. Aggregation & Assembling:
Marketing infrastructure
√
2. Market Institutions and agents √
3. Demand and Supply trends and
forecast both in local and National
markets.
4. Traceability system √
5. Proposed value chain / method of
Marketing by the Applicant
√
5.7 Value addition / Processing √
6 Technology providers √
1. ICAR /CAU/ SAU/SHU / Research
Stations and Experts names
√
2. Agri/Horti-Business incubators √
7 Food Safety -With /Without GAP
certification
1. GAP Certification if any √
2. Food safety measures √ Clean farm,
Trained
workers;
Protective
clothing,
Safety
equipment;
First Aid;
Safety and
Hygiene
policy; Waste
Management
Plan
a. Pre-planting √
b. Crop husbandry √
c. Harvestings √
d. Post-harvest √
8 Innovation if any
9 Risk Management √ Proposed
insurance
details if any
10 Checklist √
11 Declaration from Crop Expert and Project
Finance Expert
√
117
Self-declaration by the Applicant √
Note: *: Documents are to be submitted only when NHB accords Pre- IPA approval.
@ In case of export units.
11.1.Declaration by Crop Expert ( if the Project / Crop specific information, data and
chapters of DPR are prepared by the expert and not by the applicant)
I have read and understood the latest NHB Schemes operational guidelines and made the
applicant understand the same.
The technical information provided in the Detail Project Report are as recommended by
ICAR/ State Agriculture / Horticulture University/ …….Research Institute as published in
their publication…………./ genuine website……………….
The project is technically feasible and economically viable and is bankable.
Certified that the information/contents as above furnished by me/us in the application are true
to the best of my/our knowledge & belief and nothing material has been concealed.
My details are as follows:
Name of Crop Expert (Could be any working or retired faculty / scientist in
ICAR/ CAU/SAU/SHU/State Horticulture Dept. or
ICAR Agri/Horti-business incubators)
Current/ previous profession:
Educational qualification and
University passed out
Registration number if any
Permanent address:
Contact Number: Tel
Mobile
Place Signature
Date Designation and Seal
118
11.2.Declaration by Project Finance Expert (Chartered accountant)
( if the Market viability and Financial Viability chapters are prepared by the Project Finance
Expert and not done by the applicant on his/her own)
I have read and understood the latest NHB Schemes operational guidelines and made the
applicant understand the same.
The project is technically feasible and economically viable and is bankable.
The Financial and Market viability as provided in the Detail Project Report is true to the best
of my knowledge.
Certified that the information/contents as above furnished by me/us in the application are true
to the best of my/our knowledge & belief and nothing material has been concealed.
Name of Chartered Accountant
Current profession:
Educational qualification and
University passed out
Registration number if any
Permanent address:
Contact Number: Tel
Mobile
Place Signature
Date Designation and Seal
119
12.Self-Declaration by applicant
1. I have read and understood the latest NHB Schemes operational guidelines including
conditions, norms and pattern of assistance.
2. The information provided in the Detail Project Report is true to my knowledge.
3. In case the details provided by me viz., (i) my personal details, land, previous benefits
availed by me from either Central and State Government if proved false at any stage NHB
is entitled to recover any subsidy if any released by it from me.
4. I have personally ascertained technical details of the projector or I have availed the
services of a competent Horticulturist for technical details and viability. Accordingly
declaration is provided herewith.
5. I have personally ascertained Financial and Market viability of the project or I have
availed the services of a competent Project Finance expert for the requisite project finance
details and project viability. Accordingly declaration is provided herewith.
6. In case the project is approvedfor pre-IPA, I shall undergo a 2 Weeks (min.10 working
days) training programme in case of Open field condition and protective cover (with or
without PHM component) and a minimum of 1 Week programme in case of standalone
PHM component at my own expenses in one of the ICAR/CAU/SAU/SHU/ Research
Station/ Centres of Excellence/ related Central or State Government institution/ others as
found appropriate / approved by NHB.
7. I shall adopt scientific package of practices / technology and maintain proper farm
accounts.
8. The project is technically feasible and economically viable and is bankable.
9. In case the project application is considered for application processing, I am bound to
submit all required / requisite mandatory documents to establish veracity of my DPR and
eligibility to claim subsidy under NHB Schemes in the form prescribed with in 3 months
of any such intimation from NHB for according In principle approval (IPA). Else I
acknowledge that my application stands vacated and rejected by default of my omission.
10. Incomplete/ NPA projects and default cases shall not be eligible for subsidy.
11. In case the project is approved for subsidy claim I shall undertake a MOU with NHB to
comply with all the terms and conditions of the scheme guidelines as effective on the date
of subsidy claim approval and any other condition/ advisory in the interest of projects
success and sustainability.
Applicant (Name and signature) and Seal if any
Date
Location:
120
Annexure: Proposed Stages in NHB Scheme Implementation
Stage Player Step Mode Timeline Remarks /
Enclosures
1 Applicant Submission of Prescribed
Application -specific to the
scheme enclosing DPR
based on model template.
Online No document
is required to
be enclosed
but with
requisite fees.
2 NHB Examines the Application
and DPR and gets it
appraised for Agro-climatic
suitability, Market viability,
Technological feasibility
and capability of applicant
duly considering the budget,
priority (SabkaSaathSabka
Vikas) and design of
implementation of the offer /
Year.
Target
1 Month
Evaluated by
a panel of 3
experts.
Kept
confidential.
3 Applicant
+ Bank
If the project is sound, NHB
informs Pre-In Principle
Approval (Pre-IPA) to the
applicant to submit all the
prescribed / requisite
documents along with
Bank Appraisal of
Market viability and
Financial viability
(should be after NHB
Pre-IPA) ;
and Sanction (after
Appraisal) within 3
months of NHB Pre-
IPA.
Any lapse in time line, the
Pre-IPA stands vacated /
rejected. However he is
eligible for fresh
submission.
Max. 1
month
(Allowed
max.3
months
strictly)
Prescribed
documents
including
those
specified in
DPR
checklist.
4 Applicant Undergoes 2 Weeks training
programme on the project /
Crop at his own expenses in
an institute recommended /
approved by NHB
5 NHB NHB examines the
application, DPR with
reference to documentary
2 months
Target
121
evidence and Bank
Appraisal of Market
viability and financial
viability duly considering
the budget, priority
(SabkaSaathSabka Vikas)
and design of
implementation of the offer /
Year.
1 Month
6 NHB takes decision on
according In-Principle
Approval (IPA) to the
applicant. In case it is
approved, it is informed to
the applicant.
7 In case of projects rejected
by NHB, the entrepreneur is
provided an opportunity to
make his case by way of
presentation of his project
on an appointed day in the
presence of competent
authority.
The forum objective is to
help the entrepreneur to
know the weaknesses of the
project currently and enable
him/ her to review / revise
his/ her project as deem
appropriate to suit NHB
requirements. The
entrepreneur is open to
submit project proposal
afresh.
8 Applicant Where ever IPA is issued-
Applicant has to complete
the project within the
prescribed time limit. Else
the IPA stands vacated /
cancelled.
18 months
9 Applicant Applicant submits subsidy
claim within 3 months of
completion of the project.
Else the IPA stands vacated
and rejected
3 months Prescribed
documents
10 NHB +
Bank/ FI+
Applicant
NHB undertakes Joint
Inspection of the field/
activity
Target:
Max. 30
days of
request
122
11 NHB NHB JIT submits JIT report 15 days
12 NHB NHB examines the JIT
report and takes decision on
release of subsidy subject to
Scheme conditions and
publish decision / minutes of
competent authority with
reasons in NHB website.
2 months
13 NHB In case NHB approves
release of subsidy, releases
funds with in 15 working
days of minutes of
competent authority to SRF
account.
14 Bank/
Applicant
1. Confirms the receipt of
subsidy.
2. Closely monitor the
project health for over 5
years.
3. Takes into consideration
the NHB advisories.
15 Applicant 1. Confirms the receipt of
subsidy.
2. Maintain farm records
and accounts.
3. Adopts technology /
scientific package of
practices and innovate
marketing / business
strategies.
4. Takes into consideration
the NHB advisories.
5. Regularly reports the
performance of project
health
6. Share best practices if
any to NHB.
Please contact for any further crop specific information:
Director
ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute
Kudlu. P. O
Kasaragod-671124
Kerala
Phone : 04994-232894
Fax : 04994-232322
E-Mail :[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Home page: http://www.cpcri.gov.in/
THE END