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Coca-ColaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the beverage. For its manufacturer, seeThe Coca-Cola Company.
"Coca-Cola Classic" redirects here. For the NCAA football game, seeCoca-Cola Classic (college football).
Coca-Cola
2 Liter Bottle Label
Type Soft drink
Manufacturer The Coca-Cola Company
Country of origin United States
Introduced 1886
Color Caramel E-150d
Flavor Cola, Cola Cherry, Cola Vanilla, Cola Green
Tea, Cola Lemon, Cola Lemon Lime, Cola
Lime, Cola Orange and Cola Raspberry.
Variants SeeBrand portfoliosection below
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Related products Pepsi
Irn Bru
RC Cola
Cola Turka
Zam Zam Cola
Mecca-Cola
Virgin Cola
Parsi Cola
Qibla Cola
Evoca Cola
Corsica Cola
Breizh ColaAfri Cola
TheLas Vegas StripWorld of Coca-Colamuseum in 2003
Coca-Cola is acarbonatedsoft drinksold in the stores, restaurants, andvending machinesof more than 200
countries.[1]
It is produced byThe Coca-Cola CompanyofAtlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply
as Coke (a registered trademark of The Coca-Cola Company in the United States since March 27, 1944).
Originally intended as apatent medicinewhen it was invented in the late 19th century byJohn Pemberton, Coca-
Cola was bought out by businessmanAsa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of
the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century.
The company producesconcentrate, which is then sold to licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world. The
bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce finished product in cans and bottles
from the concentrate in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute and
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merchandise Coca-Cola to retail stores and vending machines. Such bottlers includeCoca-Cola Enterprises,
which is the largest single Coca-Cola bottler in North America and western Europe. The Coca-Cola Company
also sells concentrate forsoda fountainsto major restaurants andfood servicedistributors.
The Coca-Cola Company has, on occasion, introduced other cola drinks under the Coke brand name. The mostcommon of these isDiet Coke, with others includingCaffeine-Free Coca-Cola, Diet Coke Caffeine-Free,Coca-
Cola Cherry,Coca-Cola Zero,Coca-Cola Vanilla, and special editions with lemon, lime or coffee.
In response to consumer insistence on a more natural product, the company is in the process of phasing out
E211, orsodium benzoate, the controversial additive used in Diet Coke and linked toDNAdamage in yeast cells
and hyperactivity in children. The company has stated that it plans to remove E211 from its other products,
includingSpriteandOasis, as soon as a satisfactory alternative is found.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
o 1.1 New Coke
o 1.2 21st century
2 Use of stimulants in formula
o 2.1 Coca cocaine
o 2.2 Kola nuts caffeine
3 Production
o 3.1 Ingredients
o 3.2 Formula of natural flavorings
o 3.3 Franchised production model
4 Brand portfolio
o 4.1 Logo design
o 4.2 Contour bottle design
o 4.3 Coke Mini
5 Local competitors
6 Advertising
o 6.1 Holiday campaigns
o 6.2 Sports sponsorship
o 6.3 In mass media
7 Health effects
8 Criticism
9 Use as political and corporate symbol
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Enterpriseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Enterpriseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Enterpriseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda_fountainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda_fountainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda_fountainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_Cokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_Cokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_Cokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine-Free_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine-Free_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine-Free_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Cherryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Cherryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Cherryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Cherryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Zerohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Zerohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Zerohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Vanillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Vanillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Vanillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_benzoatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_benzoatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_benzoatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprite_(soft_drink)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprite_(soft_drink)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprite_(soft_drink)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oasis_(drink)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oasis_(drink)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oasis_(drink)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#New_Cokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#New_Cokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#21st_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#21st_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Use_of_stimulants_in_formulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Use_of_stimulants_in_formulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Coca_.E2.80.94_cocainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Coca_.E2.80.94_cocainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Coca_.E2.80.94_cocainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Coca_.E2.80.94_cocainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Kola_nuts_.E2.80.94_caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Kola_nuts_.E2.80.94_caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Kola_nuts_.E2.80.94_caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Kola_nuts_.E2.80.94_caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Productionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Productionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Ingredientshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Ingredientshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Formula_of_natural_flavoringshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Formula_of_natural_flavoringshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Franchised_production_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Franchised_production_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Brand_portfoliohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Brand_portfoliohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Logo_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Logo_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Contour_bottle_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Contour_bottle_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Coke_Minihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Coke_Minihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Local_competitorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Local_competitorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Holiday_campaignshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Holiday_campaignshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Sports_sponsorshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Sports_sponsorshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#In_mass_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#In_mass_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Health_effectshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Health_effectshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Criticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Criticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Use_as_political_and_corporate_symbolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Use_as_political_and_corporate_symbolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Use_as_political_and_corporate_symbolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Criticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Health_effectshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#In_mass_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Sports_sponsorshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Holiday_campaignshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Local_competitorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Coke_Minihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Contour_bottle_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Logo_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Brand_portfoliohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Franchised_production_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Formula_of_natural_flavoringshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Ingredientshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Productionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Kola_nuts_.E2.80.94_caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Coca_.E2.80.94_cocainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Use_of_stimulants_in_formulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#21st_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#New_Cokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oasis_(drink)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprite_(soft_drink)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_benzoatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Vanillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Zerohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Cherryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Cherryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine-Free_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_Cokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda_fountainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Enterprises 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10 See also
11 Notes
12 External links
History
Believed to be the first coupon ever, this ticket for a free glass of Coca-Cola was first distributed in 1888 tohelp promote the drink. By 1913, the company had redeemed 8.5 million tickets.[3]
This Coca-Cola advertisement from 1943 is still displayed in the small city of Minden,Louisiana.
TheprototypeCoca-Cola recipe was formulated at the Eagle Drug and Chemical Company, a drugstore
inColumbus,GeorgiabyJohn Pemberton, originally as acoca winecalledPemberton's French Wine
Coca.[4][5]
He may have been inspired by the formidable success ofVin Mariani, a European coca wine.[6]
In 1886, whenAtlantaandFulton Countypassedprohibitionlegislation, Pemberton responded by developing
Coca-Cola, essentially a non-alcoholic version of French Wine Coca.[7]
The first sales were at Jacob's Pharmacy
inAtlanta,Georgia, on May 8, 1886.[8]
It was initially sold as a patent medicine for five cents[9]
a glass atsoda
fountains, which were popular in the United States at the time due to the belief thatcarbonated waterwas good
for the health.[10]
Pemberton claimed Coca-Cola cured many diseases,
includingmorphineaddiction,dyspepsia,neurasthenia,headache, andimpotence. Pemberton ran the first
advertisement for the beverage on May 29 of the same year in theAtlanta Journal.[11]
By 1888, three versions of Coca-Cola sold by three separate businesses were on the market.Asa Griggs
Candleracquired a stake in Pemberton's company in 1887 and incorporated it as the Coca Cola Companyin
1888.[12]
The same year, while suffering from an ongoing addiction tomorphine,[13]
Pemberton sold the rights a
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phinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coca_Cola_ad_ca._1943_IMG_3744.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coca_Cola_ad_ca._1943_IMG_3744.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:19th_century_Coca-Cola_coupon.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:19th_century_Coca-Cola_coupon.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coca_Cola_ad_ca._1943_IMG_3744.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coca_Cola_ad_ca._1943_IMG_3744.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:19th_century_Coca-Cola_coupon.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:19th_century_Coca-Cola_coupon.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coca_Cola_ad_ca._1943_IMG_3744.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coca_Cola_ad_ca._1943_IMG_3744.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:19th_century_Coca-Cola_coupon.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:19th_century_Coca-Cola_coupon.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coca_Cola_ad_ca._1943_IMG_3744.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coca_Cola_ad_ca._1943_IMG_3744.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:19th_century_Coca-Cola_coupon.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:19th_century_Coca-Cola_coupon.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-Pendergrast2000-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca_Cola_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asa_Griggs_Candlerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asa_Griggs_Candlerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta_Journalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impotencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headachehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurastheniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyspepsiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonated_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda_fountainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda_fountainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cent_(currency)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cent_(currency)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulton_County,_Georgiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin_Marianihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemberton%27s_French_Wine_Cocahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemberton%27s_French_Wine_Cocahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca_winehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pembertonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus,_Georgiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototypehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minden,_Louisianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#See_also 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second time to four more businessmen:J.C. Mayfield, A.O. Murphey, C.O. Mullahy and E.H. Bloodworth.
Meanwhile, Pemberton's alcoholic[14]
sonCharley Pembertonbegan selling his own version of the product.[15]
John Pemberton declared that the name"Coca-Cola" belonged to Charley, but the other two manufacturers could
continue to use the formula. So, in the summer of 1888, Candler sold his beverage under the names Yum Yumand Koke. After both failed to catch on, Candler set out to establish a legal claim to Coca-Cola in late 1888, in
order to force his two competitors out of the business. Candler purchasedexclusive rightsto the formula from
John Pemberton, Margaret Dozier and Woolfolk Walker. However, in 1914, Dozier came forward to claim her
signature on the bill of sale had been forged, and subsequent analysis has indicated John Pemberton's signature
was most likely a forgery as well.[16]
Old German Coca-Colabottle opener
In 1892 Candler incorporated a second company,TheCoca-Cola Company(the current corporation), and in
1910 Candler had the earliest records of the company burned, further obscuring its legal origins. By the time of its
50th anniversary, the drink had reached the status of a national icon in the USA. In 1935, it was
certifiedkosherby RabbiTobias Geffen, after the company made minor changes in the sourcing of some
ingredients.[17]
Coca-Cola was sold inbottlesfor the first time on March 12, 1894. The first outdoor wall advertisement was
painted in the same year as well inCartersville, Georgia.[18]
Cansof Coke first appeared in 1955.[19]
The first
bottling of Coca-Cola occurred inVicksburg,Mississippi, at the Biedenharn Candy Company in 1891. Its
proprietor was Joseph A. Biedenharn. The original bottles were Biedenharn bottles, very different from the much
later hobble-skirt design that is now so familiar. Asa Candler was tentative about bottling the drink, but two
entrepreneurs fromChattanooga, Tennessee, Benjamin F. Thomas and Joseph B. Whitehead, proposed the idea
and were so persuasive that Candler signed a contract giving them control of the procedure for only one dollar.
Candler never collected his dollar, but in 1899 Chattanooga became the site of the first Coca-Cola bottling
company.[20]
The loosely termed contract proved to be problematic for the company for decades to come. Legal
matters were not helped by the decision of the bottlers to subcontract to other companies, effectively becoming
parent bottlers.[21]
Coke concentrate, or Coke syrup, was and is sold separately at pharmacies in small quantities, as an over-the-
counter remedy for nausea or mildly upset stomach.
New Coke
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Main article:New Coke
One of Coke's ads to promote the flavor change.
On April 23, 1985, Coca-Cola, amid much publicity, attempted to change theformulaof the drink with "New
Coke". Follow-up taste tests revealed that most consumers preferred the taste of New Coke to both Coke and
Pepsi, but Coca-Cola management was unprepared for the public'snostalgiafor the old drink, leading to
abacklash. The company gave in to protests and returned to a variation of theold formula, under the name
Coca-Cola Classic on July 10, 1985.
21st centuryOn February 7, 2005, the Coca-Cola Company announced that in the second quarter of 2005 they planned to
launch aDiet Cokeproduct sweetened with theartificial sweetenersucralose, the same sweetener currently used
inPepsi One.[22][23]
On March 21, 2005, it announced another diet product,Coca-Cola Zero, sweetened partly with
a blend ofaspartameandacesulfame potassium.[24]
In 2007, Coca-Cola began to sell a new "healthy soda": Diet
Coke with vitamins B6, B12, magnesium, niacin, and zinc, marketed as "Diet Coke Plus."
On July 5, 2005, it was revealed that Coca-Cola would resume operations inIraqfor the first time since theArab
Leagueboycotted the company in 1968.[25]
In April 2007, in Canada, the name "Coca-Cola Classic" was changed back to "Coca-Cola." The word "Classic"
was truncated because "New Coke" was no longer in production, eliminating the need to differentiate between
the two.[26]
The formula remained unchanged.
In January 2009, Coca-Cola stopped printing the word "Classic" on the labels of 16-ounce bottles sold in parts of
thesoutheastern United States.[27]
The change is part of a larger strategy to rejuvenate the product's image.[27]
In November 2009, due to a dispute over wholesale prices of Coca-Cola products,Costcostopped restocking its
shelves with Coke and Diet Coke.[28]
Use of stimulants in formula
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When launched Coca-Cola's two key ingredients werecocaine(benzoylmethyl ecgonine) andcaffeine. The
cocaine was derived from thecocaleaf and the caffeine fromkola nut, leading to the name Coca-Cola (the "K" in
Kola was replaced with a "C" for marketing purposes).[29][30]
Coca
cocainePemberton called for fiveouncesof coca leaf per gallon of syrup, a significant dose; in 1891, Candler claimed his
formula (altered extensively from Pemberton's original) contained only a tenth of this amount. Coca-Cola did
once contain an estimated ninemilligramsof cocaine per glass, but in 1903 it was removed.[31]
Coca-Cola still
contains coca flavoring.
After 1904, instead of using fresh leaves, Coca-Cola started using "spent" leaves the leftovers of the cocaine-
extraction process with cocaine trace levels left over at a molecular level .[32]
To this day, Coca-Cola uses as an
ingredient a cocaine-freecocaleaf extract prepared at aStepan Companyplant inMaywood, New Jersey.
In the United States,Stepan Companyis the only manufacturing plant authorized by the Federal Government to
import and process thecocaplant,[33]
which it obtains mainly fromPeruand, to a lesser extent,Bolivia. Besides
producing the coca flavoring agent for Coca-Cola,Stepan Companyextracts cocaine from the coca leaves, which
it sells toMallinckrodt, aSt. Louis, Missouripharmaceuticalmanufacturer that is the only company in the United
States licensed to purify cocaine for medicinal use.[34]
Kola nuts caffeine
Kola nutsact as a flavoring and the source ofcaffeinein Coca-Cola. In Britain, for example, the ingredient label
states "Flavourings (Including Caffeine)."
[35]
Kola nuts contain about 2 percent to 3.5 percent caffeine, are of bitterflavor and are commonly used incolasoft drinks. In 1911, the U.S. government initiatedUnited States v. Forty
Barrels and Twenty Kegs of Coca-Cola, hoping to force Coca-Cola to remove caffeine from its formula. The case
was decided in favor of Coca-Cola. Subsequently, in 1912 the U.S. Pure Food and Drug Act was amended,
addingcaffeineto the list of "habit-forming" and "deleterious" substances which must be listed on a product's
label.
Coca-Cola contains 46 mg ofcaffeineper 12 fluid ounces, whileCaffeine-Free Coca-ColaandDiet Coke
Caffeine-Freecontain 0 mg.[36]
Production
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kola_nuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kola_nuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kola_nuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouncehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouncehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouncehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milligramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milligramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milligramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepan_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepan_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepan_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maywood,_New_Jerseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maywood,_New_Jerseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maywood,_New_Jerseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepan_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepan_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepan_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boliviahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boliviahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boliviahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepan_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepan_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepan_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallinckrodthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallinckrodthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallinckrodthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missourihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missourihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceuticalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceuticalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceuticalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kola_nuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kola_nuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_drinkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_drinkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_drinkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Forty_Barrels_and_Twenty_Kegs_of_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Forty_Barrels_and_Twenty_Kegs_of_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Forty_Barrels_and_Twenty_Kegs_of_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Forty_Barrels_and_Twenty_Kegs_of_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine-Free_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine-Free_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine-Free_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_Coke_Caffeine-Freehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_Coke_Caffeine-Freehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_Coke_Caffeine-Freehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_Coke_Caffeine-Freehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_Coke_Caffeine-Freehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_Coke_Caffeine-Freehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine-Free_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Forty_Barrels_and_Twenty_Kegs_of_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Forty_Barrels_and_Twenty_Kegs_of_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_drinkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kola_nuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceuticalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missourihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallinckrodthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepan_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boliviahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepan_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maywood,_New_Jerseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepan_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milligramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouncehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kola_nuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine 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Coca-Cola 375 mL 24 can pack (AU)
Ingredients
Carbonated water
Sugar (sucroseorhigh-fructose corn syrupdepending on country of origin)
Caffeine
Phosphoric acid v. Caramel (E150d)
Natural flavorings[37]
A can of Coke (12 fl ounces/355 ml) has 39 grams of carbohydrates (all from sugar, approximately 10
teaspoons),[38]
50 mg of sodium, 0 grams fat, 0 grams potassium, and 140 calories.[39]
Formula of natural flavorings
Main article:Coca-Cola formula
The exact formula of Coca-Cola's natural flavorings (but not its other ingredients which are listed on the side of
the bottle or can) is atrade secret. The original copy of the formula is held inSunTrust Bank's main vault
inAtlanta. Its predecessor, theTrust Company, was theunderwriterfor the Coca-Cola Company'sinitial public
offeringin 1919. A popular myth states that only two executives have access to the formula, with each executive
having only half the formula.[40]
The truth is that while Coca-Cola does have a rule restricting access to only two
executives, each knows the entire formula and others, in addition to the prescribed duo, have known the
formulation process.[41]
On February 11, 2011Ira Glassrevealed on hisPRIradio show,This American Life, that the secret formula to
Coca-Cola had been uncovered in a 1979 newspaper. The formula found basically matched the formula found in
Pemberton's diary.[42][43][44][45]
Franchised production model
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-fructose_corn_syruphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-fructose_corn_syruphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-fructose_corn_syruphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_formulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_formulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_formulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_secrethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_secrethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_secrethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SunTrust_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SunTrust_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SunTrust_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_public_offeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_public_offeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_public_offeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_public_offeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-39http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-39http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-39http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ira_Glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ira_Glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ira_Glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Radio_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Radio_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Radio_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_American_Lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_American_Lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_American_Lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-43http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-43http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coca-Cola_24_Can_Pack.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coca-Cola_24_Can_Pack.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coca-Cola_24_Can_Pack.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coca-Cola_24_Can_Pack.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-43http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-43http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_American_Lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Radio_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ira_Glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-39http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_public_offeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_public_offeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SunTrust_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_secrethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_formulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-fructose_corn_syruphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia -
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The actual production and distribution of Coca-Cola follows a franchising model. The Coca-Cola Company only
produces a syrup concentrate, which it sells to bottlers throughout the world, who hold Coca-Cola franchises for
one or more geographical areas. The bottlers produce the final drink by mixing the syrup with filtered water and
sweeteners, and then carbonate it before putting it in cans and bottles, which the bottlers then sell and distribute
to retail stores, vending machines, restaurants and food service distributors.[46]
The Coca-Cola Company owns minority shares in some of its largest franchises, likeCoca-Cola
Enterprises,Coca-Cola Amatil,Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company(CCHBC) andCoca-Cola FEMSA, but fully
independent bottlers produce almost half of the volume sold in the world. Independent bottlers are allowed to
sweeten the drink according to local tastes.[47]
The bottling plant inSkopje,Macedonia, received the 2009 award for "Best Bottling Company".[48]
Brand portfolio
NameLaunche
d
Discontinue
dNotes Picture
Coca-Cola 1886 The original version of Coca-Cola.
Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola
1983 The caffeine free version of Coca-Cola.
Coca-ColaCherry
1985
Was available in Canada starting in 1996.Called "Cherry Coca-Cola (Cherry Coke)" inNorth America until 2006. Zero-calorievariant (Coca-Cola Cherry Zero) alsocurrently available.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-45http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-45http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-45http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Enterpriseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Enterpriseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Enterpriseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Enterpriseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Amatilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Amatilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Amatilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Hellenichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Hellenichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Hellenichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_FEMSAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_FEMSAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_FEMSAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-46http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-46http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-46http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skopjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skopjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skopjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia_(country)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia_(country)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia_(country)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-47http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-47http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-47http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine-Free_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine-Free_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine-Free_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Cherryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Cherryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cocacola_caffeine_free.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coca-cola_50cl_white-bg.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cocacola_caffeine_free.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coca-cola_50cl_white-bg.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Cherryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Cherryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine-Free_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine-Free_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine-Free_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-47http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia_(country)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skopjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-46http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_FEMSAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Hellenichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Amatilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Enterpriseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Enterpriseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-45 -
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NewCoke/"Coca-Cola II"
1985 2002 Still available inYapandAmerican Samoa
Coca-Colawith
Lemon2001 2005
Still available in:
American Samoa, Austria, Belgium,Brazil,
China, Denmark,Federation of Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Finland, France, Germany,
Hong Kong,Iceland,
Korea,Luxembourg,Macau,Malaysia,Mong
olia, Netherlands,
Norway,Runion,Singapore, Spain,
Switzerland,Taiwan,Tunisia, United
Kingdom, United States, andWest Bank-
Gaza
Coca-ColaVanilla
2002 2005
Still available in:
Austria, Australia, China, Germany, Hong
Kong, New Zealand (600 mL only)Malaysia,Sweden (Imported) and Russia. Was called
"Vanilla Coca-Cola (Vanilla Coke)" during
initial U.S. availability.
2007It was reintroduced in June 2007 by populardemand
Coca-Cola
C2
2003 2007Was only available in Japan, Canada, and the
United States.
Coca-Colawith Lime
2005Available in Belgium,Netherlands,Singapore, Canada, the UnitedKingdom, and the United States.
Coca-ColaRaspberry
June2005
End of 2005 Was only available in New Zealand.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Cokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Cokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Cokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_with_Lemonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_with_Lemonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_with_Lemonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_with_Lemonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macauhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macauhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macauhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Vanillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Vanillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_C2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_C2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_C2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_with_Limehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_with_Limehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_with_Limehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Raspberryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Raspberryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CocaCola_C2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CokeVanilla.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NewCokeCan1985.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CocaCola_C2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CokeVanilla.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NewCokeCan1985.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CocaCola_C2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CokeVanilla.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NewCokeCan1985.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Raspberryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Raspberryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_with_Limehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_with_Limehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_C2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_C2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Vanillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Vanillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macauhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_with_Lemonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_with_Lemonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_with_Lemonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Cokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Coke -
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Coca-ColaZero
2005
Coca-ColaM5
2005Only available inFederation of Bosnia andHerzegovina, Germany, Italy, Spain, MexicoandBrazil
Coca-ColaBlackCherryVanilla
2006Middle of
2007Was replaced by Vanilla Coke in June 2007
Coca-ColaBlk
2006Beginning
of 2008
Only available in the United States, France,Canada, Czech Republic,Slovak
Republic,Federation of Bosnia andHerzegovina,BulgariaandLithuania
Coca-ColaCitra
2006Only available inFederation of Bosnia andHerzegovina, New Zealand andJapan.
Coca-ColaLightSango
2006 Only available in France and Belgium.
Coca-ColaOrange
2007
Only available in the United KingdomandGibraltar.InGermany,AustriaandSwitzerlandit's sold
unter the labelMezzo Mix.Logo design
Detail on Elmira Coca-Cola Bottling Plant,Elmira, NY.
The famous Coca-Colalogowas created by John Pemberton's bookkeeper,Frank Mason Robinson, in
1885.[49]
Robinson came up with the name and chose the logo's distinctive cursive script. The typefaceused,
known asSpencerian script, was developed in the mid 19th century and was the dominant form of formal
handwriting in the United States during that period.
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pedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Orangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Orangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Light_Sangohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Light_Sangohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Light_Sangohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Citrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Citrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Bl%C4%81khttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Bl%C4%81khttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Black_Cherry_Vanillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Black_Cherry_Vanillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Black_Cherry_Vanillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Black_Cherry_Vanillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_M5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_M5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Zerohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Zero 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Robinson also played a significant role in early Coca-Colaadvertising. His promotional suggestions to Pemberton
included giving away thousands of free drink coupons and plastering the city of Atlantawith publicity banners
andstreetcarsigns.[50]
Contour bottle design
Earl R. Dean's original 1915 concept drawing of the contour Coca-Cola bottle.
The prototype never made it to production since its middle diameter was larger than its base, making it
unstable onconveyor belts.
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The equally famous Coca-Cola bottle, called the "contour bottle" within the company, but known to some as the
"hobble skirt" bottle, was created by bottle designerEarl R. Dean. In 1915, theCoca-Cola Companylaunched a
competition among its bottle suppliers to create a new bottle for the beverage that would distinguish it from other
beverage bottles, "a bottle which a person could recognize even if they felt it in the dark, and so shaped that,
even if broken, a person could tell at a glance what it was."[51]
Chapman J. Root, president ofthe Root Glass CompanyofTerre Haute,Indiana, turned the project over to
members of his supervisory staff, including company auditor T. Clyde Edwards, plant superintendent Alexander
Samuelsson, andEarl R. Dean, bottle designer and supervisor of the bottle molding room. Root and his
subordinates decided to base the bottle's design on one of the soda's two ingredients, the coca leafor thekola
nut, but were unaware of what either ingredient looked like. Dean and Edwards went to theEmeline Fairbanks
Memorial Libraryand were unable to find any information about coca or kola. Instead, Dean was inspired by a
picture of the gourd-shapedcocoa podin theEncyclopedia Britannica. Dean made a rough sketch of the pod and
returned back to the plant to show Mr. Root. He explained to Root how he could transform the shape of the pod
into a bottle. Chapman Root gave Dean his approval.[51]
Faced with the upcoming scheduled maintenance of the mold-making machinery, over the next 24 hours Dean
sketched out a concept drawing which was approved by Root the next morning. Dean then proceeded to create a
bottle mold and produced a small number of bottles before the glass-molding machinery was turned off.[52]
Chapman Root approved the prototype bottle and adesign patentwas issued on the bottle in November, 1915.
The prototype never made it to production since its middle diameter was larger than its base, making it unstable
onconveyor belts. Dean resolved this issue by decreasing the bottle's middle diameter. During the 1916 bottler's
convention, Dean's contour bottle was chosen over other entries and was on the market the same year. By 1920,
the contour bottle became the standard for theCoca-Cola Company. Today, the contour Coca-Cola bottle is one
of the most recognized packages on the planet..."even in the dark!" .[53]
As a reward for his efforts, Dean was offered a choice between a $500 bonus or a lifetime job at the Root Glass
Company. He chose the lifetime job and kept it until theOwens-Illinois Glass Companybought outthe Root
Glass Companyin the mid-1930s. Dean went on to work in other Midwestern glass factories.
Although endorsed by some[who?]
, this version of events is not considered authoritative by many[who?]
who consider
it implausible. One alternative depiction hasRaymond Loewyas the inventor of the unique design, but, while
Loewy did serve as a designer of Coke cans and bottles in later years, he was in theFrench Armythe year the
bottle was invented and did not emigrate to the United States until 1919. Others have attributed inspiration for the
design not to the cocoa pod, but to aVictorianhooped dress.[54]
In 1944, Associate JusticeRoger J. Traynorof theSupreme Court of Californiatook advantage of a case
involving a waitress injured by an exploding Coca-Cola bottle to articulate the doctrine of strict
liabilityfordefective products. Traynor'sconcurring opinioninEscola v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co.is widely
recognized as a landmark case in U.S. law today.[55]
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ncurring_opinionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escola_v._Coca-Cola_Bottling_Co.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escola_v._Coca-Cola_Bottling_Co.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escola_v._Coca-Cola_Bottling_Co.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-54http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-54http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-54http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-54http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escola_v._Coca-Cola_Bottling_Co.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurring_opinionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_liabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strict_liabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strict_liabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_J._Traynorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-53http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoop_skirthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_fashionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Armyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Loewyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_wordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_wordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Root_Glass_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Root_Glass_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owens-Illinois_Glass_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Root_Glass_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Root_Glass_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-52http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conveyor_belthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_patenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-51http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-vigo.lib.in.us-50http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannicahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocoa_podhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emeline_Fairbanks_Memorial_Libraryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emeline_Fairbanks_Memorial_Libraryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kola_nuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kola_nuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca_leafhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_R._Deanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terre_Hautehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Root_Glass_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-vigo.lib.in.us-50http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_R._Deanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobble_skirt 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In 1997, Coca-Cola also introduced a "contour can," similar in shape to its famous bottle, on a few test markets,
includingTerre Haute,Indiana.[56]
The new can has never been widely released.
A new slim and tall can began to appear in Australia as of December 20, 2006; it cost AU$1.95. The cans have a
distinct resemblance toenergy drinkcans. The cans were commissioned by Domino's Pizza and are availableexclusively at their restaurants.
In January 2007, Coca-Cola Canada changed "Coca-Cola Classic" labeling, removing the "Classic" designation,
leaving only "Coca-Cola." Coca-Cola stated this is merely a name change and the product remains the same.
The cans still bear the "Classic" logo in the United States.
In 2007, Coca-Cola introduced an aluminum can designed to look like the original glass Coca-Cola bottles.
In 2007, the company's logo on cans and bottles changed. The cans and bottles retained the red color and
familiar typeface, but the design was simplified, leaving only the logo and a plain white swirl (the "dynamic
ribbon").
In 2008, in some parts of the world, the plastic bottles for all Coke varieties (including the larger 1.5- and 2-liter
bottles) was changed to include a new plasticscrew capand a slightly taller contoured bottle shape, designed to
evoke the old glass bottles.[57]
Coke Mini
200 mL "stubby" bottle widely available throughout China. These are sold in small shops for 1 yuan, and
must be consumed on site in order to return the bottle.
Coke mini is a 7.5 ounce can packaging of Coca-Cola that debuted in December 2009.[58][59][60]
There are plans to
also sell smaller cans ofSprite,FantaOrange,Cherry Coca-ColaandBarq's Root Beer.[61]
Local competitors
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-54http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-54http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terre_Haute,_Indianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terre_Haute,_Indianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terre_Haute,_Indianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-55http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-55http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-55http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_drinkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_drinkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_drinkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screw_caphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screw_caphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screw_caphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-56http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-56http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-56http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_yuanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_yuanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_yuanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-57http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-57http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-59http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-59http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprite_(soft_drink)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprite_(soft_drink)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprite_(soft_drink)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barq%27s_Root_Beerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barq%27s_Root_Beerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coca_Cola_200ml_Chinese_stubby.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coca_Cola_200ml_Chinese_stubby.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coca_Cola_200ml_Chinese_stubby.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coca_Cola_200ml_Chinese_stubby.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barq%27s_Root_Beerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprite_(soft_drink)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-59http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-57http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-57http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_yuanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-56http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screw_caphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_drinkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola#cite_note-55http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terre_Haute,_Indiana -
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Pepsiis usually second to Coke in sales, but outsells Coca-Cola in some markets. Around the world, some local
brands compete with Coke. InSouthand Central AmericaKola Real, known asBig Colain Mexico, is a fast-
growing competitor to Coca-Cola.[62]
On the French island ofCorsica,Corsica Cola, made by brewers of the local
Pietra beer, is a growing competitor to Coca-Cola. In the French region ofBrittany,Breizh Colais available. In
Peru,Inca Kolaoutsells Coca-Cola, which ledThe Coca-Cola Companyto purchase the brand in 1999. In
Sweden,Julmustoutsells Coca-Cola during theChristmasseason.[63]
In Scotland, the locally producedIrn-
Bruwas more popular than Coca-Cola until 2005, when Coca-Cola and Diet Coke began to outpace its
sales.[64]
In India, Coca-Cola ranked third behind the leader, Pepsi-Cola, and local drinkThums Up.The Coca-
Cola CompanypurchasedThums Upin 1993.[65]
As of 2004, Coca-Cola held a 60.9% market-share in
India.[66]
Tropicola, a domestic drink, is served inCubainstead of Coca-Cola, due to a United States embargo.
French