CLUJ Introduction En

A. SERRADJ, CLUJ 2012

Remote Sensing Course

Cluj-Napoca, May 2012

A. Serradj, University of Strasbourg e-mail : [email protected]


Origins of Landsat satellite

ERTS-1 (Earth Resources Technology Satellite) 23rd of july 1972

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After a certain number of revolutions around the Earth…


Landsat Ground Stations

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A multitude of satellites …

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It is difficult to enumerate the number of satellites which turn around the Earth…

Civilian or military Active or wrecks Telecommunications Television Meteorology Earth-watching satellites…


Civilian Applications

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That is mean the programs for which the product (image) is in theory accessible for every applicant … … versus payment of fees or costs!

For example: Spot scene costs around 1900 € (60x60 km) Ikonos image costs around 18$ km² with a minimum order of 25 km²


Very low resolution images

Meteosat: 5km et 2.5km

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http://www.satimagingcorp.com/characterization-of-satellite-remote-sensing-systems.html













Low resolution images

NOAA: 4 km et 1km

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Low resolution images: 250m

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Modis satellite

Sandstorm coming from the Moroccan west coast towards the Atlantic Ocean


Image Combination MODIS: 250m + Landsat_7: 30m

Algérie, Hauts Plateaux

htt

p:/

/reliefw

eb.int/

node/4

693

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http://reliefweb.int/node/4693


Medium resolution: LANDSAT: 30m

Cluj-Napoca, 12th of June 2000

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LANDSAT + DTM

Cluj-Napoca, 12th of June 2000

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SPOT-5 : 10m et 5m (Data Fusion)

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High resolution: Spot-5 : 2.5m Rabat - SPOT-5 : 2.5m

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Very High Resolution: IKONOS : 1m (Data Fusion)

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Very High Resolution: QUICKBIRD: 2.40m

Gare de Strasbourg, 2d of May 2002

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QUICKBIRD: Fusion 0.60m

Gare de Strasbourg, 2d of May 2002

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How is the behavior of the

objects laying on the Earth

surface facing the

electromagnetic waves?


Transformation of the incident ray

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Some characteristic spectral curves

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The EMRay: a rich vehicle of information-1

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A. SERRADJ, CLUJ 2012 21

The EMRay: a rich vehicle of information-2


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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Blue band Histogram

Satellite image characteristics… 1 10 4 10 4 7 3 8 5 3

3 1 2 5 4 10 2 5 4 10

10 6 10 8 4 1 7 5 10 10

1 9 10 5 2 7 2 8 4 3

5 9 5 8 7 5 1 9 8 10

7 10 4 5 5 5 2 3 8 10

7 7 10 2 2 9 4 9 4 8

1 3 9 6 2 7 5 4 4 8

3 4 10 2 9 5 10 6 3 7

3 7 4 8 8 6 9 2 4 5

1 10 8 10 5 7 6 8 7 3

3 5 2 2 4 8 8 6 4 9

10 6 10 8 4 1 7 5 10 10

1 9 10 5 2 7 2 8 4 3

5 9 5 8 7 5 1 9 8 10

7 10 4 5 5 5 2 3 8 10

7 7 10 2 2 9 4 9 4 8

1 3 9 6 2 7 5 4 4 8

3 4 10 2 9 5 10 6 3 7

3 7 4 8 8 6 9 2 4 5

1 6 8 5 9 3 5 7 2 4

6 5 9 2 7 3 8 6 5 6

10 6 10 8 4 1 7 5 10 10

1 9 10 5 2 7 2 8 4 3

5 9 5 8 7 5 1 9 8 10

7 10 4 5 5 5 2 3 8 10

7 7 10 2 2 9 4 9 4 8

1 3 9 6 2 7 5 4 4 8

3 4 10 2 9 5 10 6 3 7

3 7 4 8 8 6 9 2 4 5

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Green band Histogram

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Red band Histogram

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How the terrain is seen by the sensor?

Terrain

TM7

SWIR-2

TM6

TIR

TM5

SWIR-1

TM4

NIR

TM3

TM2

TM1

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The 3 VHR bands of SPOT satellite

Radiometric bands

“Colour Planes”

XS1 XS2 XS3

Blue Green Red

“Colour Infra Red

composite image”

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The disruptive environment

The atmosphere alters

the signal in its double

route:

source target

target sensor

For the common

applications, we shall

assume that this

disturbance is almost

the same for all the

objects; we can thus

occult it.

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Complexity of the signal arriving at the sensor…

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