Topic:- Overview of Culture and Anarchy

Submitted to:

Smt. S.B. Gardi

Department of English

M.K.Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar.

Introduced of Culture and Anarchy

Culture and anarchy is a notorious

philosophical work written by the

celebrated Victorian poet and critic

Mathew Arnold. This essay was first

published in ‘Cornhill Magazine’

during 1867’-68.

Its full name is “Culture and

Anarchy: An Essay in Political and

Social Criticism”.

This Essay in Chapter

Chapter 1: Sweetness and Light

Chapter 2 : Doing as One like

Chapter 3: Barbarians, Philistines ,Populace

Chapter 4: Hebraism , Hellenism ,

General meaning of ‘Culture’

In Latin, Culture had a range of meanings………… Inhabit Cultivate Protect Honor with worship etc.Later on, culture began its complicate modern history etc. Culture was a new social and intellectual movement.

Cultivation

CultivatedCivilization

Arnold’s Views on Culture

According to his views, he says that,

“Culture is a study of perfection”

Culture is the process, means itis always going on. And also it is not staticbut it is changeable. It is study of socialand moral perfection. And Arnold saysthat culture is internal thing. As power ofGod remains within, similarly culture alsoremains within.

Arnold Classified English Society

Barbarians[Artistocracy]

Philistines[Middle Class]

Populace[working Class]

T

H

R

E

E

C

L

A

S

S

Rich become more Rich and Poor become more poor

Gujarati Famous thought ….

Common things of all Classes

Philistines Populace

o Free mindedo Liberty o Richo Fashionableo Free to live /thinko High thinkingo Looking good /more

civilized

o Hard workers o Narrow mindedo Bad Activityo Povertyo Slum areao Orthodoxyo Firmness

o Money makers o Commerceo Idea about businesso Industrialisto Tea- Meeting

Love, Feelings, Respect, Desire, Dreams, Happiness

Barbarians

View of about Hebraism or Hellenism

Hebraism Hellenism

o Spirit of thoughto Spirit of Bible o Narrow mindednesso Religiouso Thought only for Godo Follow the biblical idea

o Spirit of mindo Spirit of Greeko Open mindedo Knowledgeo Though with practicalo Follow the platonic idea

Hellenism and Hebraism both are directly connected tothe human life of human beings. Hellenism keepsemphasis knowing or knowledge. Where as Hebraismfasten its faith in doing.

He talks about the great idea to know andgreat energy to act, Both are most potent forces , and theyforces, they should be in harmony by the light of reason. So,they are called Hebraism and Hellenism.

The supreme idea with Hellenism ofthe Greek spirit is too see thing as they really are , andthe supreme idea of Hebraism the sprite of Bible isconduct and obedience.

The Point Out that the GreekPhilosophy considers that body and its desires are anweakness to right thinking , where as Hebraism considerthat body and its desire are an obstacle to right.

Anarchy

Anarchy means “utopian societies of individuals who enjoy

complete freedom without government. the term ‘anarchy’

refers to a society without a publicly enforced government or

violently enforced political authority. When we use in this

sense, anarchy mayor may not be intended to imply political

disorder or lawlessness.

Arnold in this chapter he talks of one’s

freedom. And this freedom is sung very much by Englishmen.

But yet, they never thought about end of such freedom for

which it is to be desired. Arnold accepts the idea of personal

freedom, but he tells about complete freedom. Arnold thinks in

this way:

Not authority Or Rule

In the essay Matthew

Arnold categorizes six different terms such Culture,

Anarchy, Sweetness, Light Hellenism and Hebraism so

with the help of these different terms he has described his

views on Culture in which he also says that Culture and

Anarchy both are different thing and at last he also

explains the difficult terms like Hellenism and Hebraism.