Closed-Loop System

Closed-Loop Control System

Open-Loop Amplifier Amplifier with Feedback

Block diagram model of feedback amplifier assuming Rp>>R0 of the amplifier.

Transient Response of Control Systems

Open-loop speed control system (without feedback).

(a) Closed-loop speed control system. (b) (b) Transistorized closed-loop speed control system.

The response of the open-loop and closed-loop speed control system when τ 5 10 and K1. Ka. Kt =100. The time to reach 98% of the final value for the open-loop and closed- loop system is 40 seconds and 0.4 second,respectively.

Disturbance in Feedback Control System

Steel rolling mill.

Open-loop speed control system (without external feedback).

Closed-loop speed tachometer control system

Closed-loop system. (a) Block diagram model. (b) Signal-flow graph model.

Closed-loop control system with measurement noise.

A block diagram model of a boring machine control system

The response y(t) to (a) a unit input step r(t) and (b) a unit disturbance step input D(s) 5 1/s for K=100.

The response y(t) for a unit step input (solid line) and for a unit step disturbance (dashed line) for K=20.

The solar-powered Mars rover,named Sojourner,landed on Mars on July 4,1997 andwas deployed on its journey on July 5,1997. The 23-pound rover is controlled by anoperator on Earth using controls on the rover

[21,22]. (Photo courtesy of NASA.)

Control system for rover; (a) open-loop (without feedback) and (b) closed-loop with feedback. The input is R(s)=1/s.

The magnitude of the sensitivity of the closed-loop system for the Mars rover vehicle.

Control system for disk drive head reader.

Disk drive head control system with the typical parameters of Table 2.11.

Closed-loop response. (a)MATLABscript. (b) Step response for Ka=10 and Ka=80.

Disturbance step response. (a) MATLABscript. (b) Disturbance response for Ka=80.

(a) A single-loop feedback control system. (b) (b) The error response for a unit step disturbance when R(s) 0