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![Page 1: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with
Peripheral Information Design
Mary Czerwinski
George Robertson
Desney Tan
Microsoft Research
Tara MatthewsU.C. Berkeley
![Page 2: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Peripheral Info can Help Multitaskers
Information workers balance many tasks and interruptions and need help to maintain task flow know when to resume tasks more easily reacquire tasks
We explore peripheral information design to support these needs
![Page 3: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Study: compare abstraction techniques
Change detection signals when a change has
occurred Relevant task information
pulling out and showing the most relevant content
Scaling shrunken version of all the
content
Which will most improve multitasking efficiency?
![Page 4: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Results: most relevant task info…
+ benefits task flow, resumption timing, and reacquisition
+ improves multitasking performance more than either change detection or scaling
Clipping Lists performed best: like WinCuts, cuts out a relevant
portion of each task window like Scalable Fabric, arranges
clippings in the periphery
![Page 5: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Outline
System design Scalable Fabric, Clipping Lists, & Change Borders
User study Results Design implications & future work
![Page 6: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Our Designs: Video
![Page 7: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Study Design
no Clippings Clippings
no Change Borders
Change Borders
![Page 8: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Comparing Tradeoffs
no Clippings Clippings
no Change Borders
+ spatial layout
– no legible content
+ most relevant task info
– detailed visuals / text
Change Borders
+ spatial layout
+ simple visual cue for change
– limited info
+ most relevant task info
+ simple visual cue for change
![Page 9: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
User Study: Participants
26 users from the Seattle area (10 female) moderate to high experience using computers
and Microsoft Office-style applications
![Page 10: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
User Study: Tasks
Four tasks designed to mimic real world tasks Quiz - wait for modules to load Uploads - wait for documents to upload Email - wait for quiz answers and upload
task documents to arrive Puzzle - high-attention task done while
waiting
![Page 11: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Quiz
![Page 12: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
User Study: Tasks
Four tasks designed to mimic real world tasks Quiz - wait for modules to load Uploads - wait for documents to upload Email - wait for quiz answers and upload
task documents to arrive Puzzle - high-attention task done while
waiting
![Page 13: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Uploads
![Page 14: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
User Study: Tasks
Four tasks designed to mimic real world tasks Quiz - wait for modules to load Uploads - wait for documents to upload Email - wait for quiz answers and upload
task documents to arrive Puzzle - high-attention task done while
waiting
![Page 15: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
User Study: Tasks
Four tasks designed to mimic real world tasks Quiz - wait for modules to load Uploads - wait for documents to upload Email - wait for quiz answers and upload
task documents to arrive Puzzle - high-attention task done while
waiting
![Page 16: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Puzzle
![Page 17: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
User Study: Tasks
Four tasks designed to mimic real world tasks Quiz - wait for modules to load Uploads - wait for documents to upload Email - wait for quiz answers and upload
task documents to arrive Puzzle - high-attention task done while
waiting
![Page 18: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
User Study Setup
left monitor right monitor
![Page 19: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Metrics & Key Results
Metrics Overall performance Ability to maintain task flow Knowing when to resume a task Ease of reacquiring tasks User satisfaction
Key results Clipping Lists perform significantly better for all metrics Change Borders further improved performance for most
metrics, on average
![Page 20: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Results: overall performance
Clipping Lists faster performanceChange Borders no significant improvement
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
![Page 21: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Results: overall performance
Clipping Lists faster performanceChange Borders no significant improvement
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
![Page 22: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Results: overall performance
Clipping Lists faster performanceChange Borders no significant improvement
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
![Page 23: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Results: overall performance
Clipping Lists faster performanceChange Borders no significant improvement
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
![Page 24: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Results: overall performance
Clipping Lists faster performanceChange Borders no significant improvement
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Average T
im
e in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Times
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
Avera
ge T
ime in S
econds
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
![Page 25: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Results: task flow
Clipping Lists better task flowChange Borders worse task flow for SF
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
![Page 26: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Results: task flow
Clipping Lists better task flowChange Borders worse task flow for SF
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
![Page 27: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Results: task flow
Clipping Lists better task flowChange Borders worse task flow for SF
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
![Page 28: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Results: task flow
Clipping Lists better task flowChange Borders worse task flow for SF
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Task Switches
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
![Page 29: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Results: knowing when to resume
Clipping Lists trend toward resuming the Quiz task at more opportune times
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
ra
ge
T
im
e in
S
eco
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
ra
ge
T
im
e in
S
eco
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
rag
e T
ime
in
Se
co
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
rag
e T
ime
in
Se
co
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
ra
ge
T
im
e in
S
eco
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
ra
ge
T
im
e in
S
eco
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
rag
e T
ime
in
Se
co
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
rag
e T
ime
in
Se
co
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s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
![Page 30: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Results: knowing when to resume
Clipping Lists trend toward resuming the Quiz task at more opportune times
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
ra
ge
T
im
e in
S
eco
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
ra
ge
T
im
e in
S
eco
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
rag
e T
ime
in
Se
co
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
rag
e T
ime
in
Se
co
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
ra
ge
T
im
e in
S
eco
nd
s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
ra
ge
T
im
e in
S
eco
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s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
rag
e T
ime
in
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co
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s
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Time to Resume Quiz
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ave
rag
e T
ime
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SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
![Page 31: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
Results: ease of reacquiring tasks
Clipping Lists easier to reacquire tasksChange Borders no significant improvement
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
![Page 32: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
Results: ease of reacquiring tasks
Clipping Lists easier to reacquire tasksChange Borders no significant improvement
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
![Page 33: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
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Results: ease of reacquiring tasks
Clipping Lists easier to reacquire tasksChange Borders no significant improvement
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Quiz Window Switches
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Average # of S
witches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
Average Upload Window Switches
0
24
68
10
1214
1618
20
Avera
ge #
of
Sw
itches
SF Clippings + Change
ClippingsSF + Change
![Page 34: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
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Results: user satisfaction
Clipping List UIs rated better than those without
Change Border UIs rated better than those without
Preferred UI 17 – Clipping Lists + Change Borders 4 – Scalable Fabric + Change Borders 2 – Clipping Lists 2 – Scalable Fabric
![Page 35: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Results: user satisfaction
Clipping List UIs rated better than those without
Change Border UIs rated better than those without
Preferred UI 17 – Clipping Lists + Change Borders 4 – Scalable Fabric + Change Borders 2 – Clipping Lists 2 – Scalable Fabric
![Page 36: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
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Results: user satisfaction
Clipping List UIs rated better than those without
Change Border UIs rated better than those without
Preferred UI 17 – Clipping Lists + Change Borders 4 – Scalable Fabric + Change Borders 2 – Clipping Lists 2 – Scalable Fabric
![Page 37: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Results: user satisfaction
Clipping List UIs rated better than those without
Change Border UIs rated better than those without
Preferred UI 17 – Clipping Lists + Change Borders 4 – Scalable Fabric + Change Borders 2 – Clipping Lists 2 – Scalable Fabric
![Page 38: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
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Results Summary Clipping Lists were most effective for all metrics
Overall performance Ability to maintain task flow Knowing when to resume a task Ease of reacquiring tasks User satisfaction
Improvements are cumulative, adding up to a sizeable impact on daily multitasking productivity Clipping Lists
29 seconds faster on average Clipping Lists + Change Borders
44 seconds faster on average
![Page 39: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
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Peripheral Design Implications
Why were Clipping Lists more effective? Provided most relevant task info
Why is this surprising? Clippings are higher in detail than Change Borders – require
more attention
Why were Change Borders relatively less effective? Change detection didn’t provide enough task info
Change Borders + Clipping Lists were most effective together
![Page 40: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
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Peripheral Design Implications
Show enough relevant task information Even if this means more detailed visuals Combining relevant task info with simple visuals is
best
![Page 41: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
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Future Work
Glanceable peripheral interfaces Relevant task info does not require excessive details Easy to perceive & interpret visuals should perform better Presumably, simpler visuals will be easier to perceive What is the sweet spot between simple design and
conveying relevant info?
Automatic selection of content relevant to user’s tasks
![Page 42: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
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Summaryno Clippings Clippings
no Change Borders
+ spatial layout
– no legible content
+ most relevant task info
– detailed visuals / text
Change Borders
+ spatial layout
+ simple visual cue for change
– limited info
+ most relevant task info
+ simple visual cue for change
![Page 43: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
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Summaryno Clippings Clippings
no Change Borders
+ spatial layout
– no legible content
+ most relevant task info
– detailed visuals / text
Change Borders
+ spatial layout
+ simple visual cue for change
– limited info
+ most relevant task info
+ simple visual cue for change
![Page 44: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
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Summaryno Clippings Clippings
no Change Borders
+ spatial layout
– no legible content
+ most relevant task info
– detailed visuals / text
Change Borders
+ spatial layout
+ simple visual cue for change
– limited info
+ most relevant task info
+ simple visual cue for change
![Page 45: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
Questions?
Contact Tara [email protected]
Download Scalable Fabrichttp://research.microsoft.com/research/downloads/
![Page 46: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
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Extra Slides
![Page 47: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
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Summary
Results: showing relevant task info via Clippings best enabled users to
maintain task flow know when to resume tasks more easily reacquire tasks
Peripheral design implications: providing enough relevant task info may be more important
than very simplistic designs together, relevant task info and simplistic visuals improve
performance even more
![Page 48: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
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Our Designs
![Page 49: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
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Scalable Fabric Study compares Scalable Fabric and two variations of it
Clipping Lists & Change Borders We use SF since tasks span multiple applications and SF
keeps track of tasks across applications
![Page 50: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
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Scaling: baseline condition
Previous study: Scalable Fabric performed as well as
Windows & was qualitatively preferred
Scaling benefits: convey window’s spatial layout, major
color schemes, & graphics may enable easy recognition of
windows for reacquiring tasks large updates are visible
…but virtually none of the content is legible…
![Page 51: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
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Clipping Lists: semantic content extraction
SF scaled windows are replaced by clippings
Clippings: live window cuts, manually created by user
Task: list of clippings Benefits:
shows most relevant portion of window more readable than scaled window
Disadvantages: may provide too much info, increasing
cognitive overhead removes spatial window layout
![Page 52: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
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Change Borders: change detection
Red Change Border Green Change BorderRed Change Border Green Change Border
red = change in progress green = change is complete
![Page 53: Clipping Lists & Change Borders: Improving Multitasking Efficiency with Peripheral Information Design Mary Czerwinski George Robertson Desney Tan Microsoft.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062803/56649c9b5503460f94959ce5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
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Change Borders: change detection
Benefits: cognitive overhead is low knowing about changes can help users know when
to resume a paused task, e.g., when waiting for important email documents to upload files to be checked in to a
version control system a compiler build to complete a large file or Web page to load
Disadvantages: change doesn’t always require a
task switch, e.g., moving Web page ads spam email