Clinical Infertility and In Vitro Fertilization · Alexandria, Egypt Gamal I Serour MD FRCOG ACOG...

Clinical Infertility andIn Vitro Fertilization

Clinical Infertility andIn Vitro Fertilization

JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS (P) LTDNew Delhi • St Louis • Panama City • London

®

Editors

Botros Rizk MD MA FRCOG FRCS HCLD FACOG FACSProfessor and Head

Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and InfertilityDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Medical and Scientific Director of USA IVF ProgramUniversity of South Alabama

Mobile, Alabama, USA

Hassan N Sallam MD PhD (London) FRCOGProfessor and Chair

Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlexandria University and

Director of the Alexandria Regional Centre forWomen’s Health and Development

Alexandria, Egypt

Published byJaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd

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Clinical Infertility and In Vitro Fertilization

© 2011, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers

All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by anymeans: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the editor and thepublisher.

This book has been published in good faith that the material provided by contributors is original. Every effort is made to ensureaccuracy of material, but the publisher, printer and editor will not be held responsible for any inadvertent error(s). In case of anydispute, all legal matters are to be settled under Delhi jurisdiction only.

First Edition: 2011

ISBN 978-93-

Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unitPrinted at Ajanta Offset

DedicationTo Professor Robert G. Edwards a dear friend the father of in vitrofertilization and Nobel prize winner in medicine 2010

Robert G. EdwardsRobert G. EdwardsRobert G. EdwardsRobert G. EdwardsRobert G. Edwards

Professor Robert G. Edwards

6 Clinical Infertility and In Vitro Fertilization

I.1 Professors Robert G. Edwards and Patrick Steptoe,

pioneers of IVF July 1978London, England I.2

Professors Robert G. Edwards, Dr. Hassan N. Sallam,Ioannis E. Messinis, Seang Lin Tan,

Antonis Makrigiannakis, and Botros RizkAlexandria Meeting

March 2008

I.3Professors Robert G. Edwards, Mohamed Aboulghar and

Botros Rizk30 years IVF

Alexandria Meeting

I.4Professors Robert G. Edwards

and Botros Rizk30 years IVF

Alexandria MeetingMarch 2008

7

Howard Jones and the IVF LeadersBourn Hall

Cambridge, England

Dr. Mary Rizk, Professors Robert G. Edwards, Hassan N. Sallam and Botros RizkAlexandria Meeting, March 2008

Dedication


Professor Robert G. Edwards

9

Leader of the Leaders

Dedication


DedicationTo Professor Naguib Mahfouz a legendary gynecologist and thefounder of obstetrics and gynecology in Egypt

Professor Naguib Mahfouz (1882-1974)

Professor Naguib Pasha Mahfouz with his two grandsonsDr Samir Mahfouz Simaika and Dr Amin Makram Ebeid

11

II.3Professor Naguib Mahfouz

and President NasserII.4

Professor Naguib Mahfouz,King of Greece and Moustafa el-Nahhas

II.5President Sadat and Samira Naguib Mahfouz

II.6President Mohamed Naguib and Professor Naguib Mahfouz

at the Coptic Hospital

11.7Naguib Abadir

11.8Markus Pasha Simaika

Founder of the Coptic Museum

Dedication

Contributors ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Michel Abou AbdallahMiddle East Fertility SocietyExecutive DirectorBeirut, Lebanon

Ashok Agarwal PhD HCLD (ABB)Professor, Lerner College of MedicineDirector, Center for Reproductive Medicine and ARTTrainingDirector, Andrology Laboratory and ReproductiveTissue BankStaff, Glickman Urological and Kidney InstituteOb-Gyn and Women’s Health InstituteAnatomic Pathology, and ImmunologyCleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

Gautam N Allahbadia MD DNB FNAMSMedical DirectorDeccan Fertility Clinic and Keyhole Surgery CenterShivaji Park, Mumbai, IndiaRotunda - The Center for Human ReproductionMumbai, India

Oscar D Almeida Jr MD FACOG FACSClinical Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama, USA

Shawky ZA Badawy MD FACOGProfessor and ChairmanDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyProfessor, Department of PathologyDirectorDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology/InfertilitySUNY, Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuse, New York, USA

Adel L. Barsoum PhDAdjunct ProfessorDepartment of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of South AlabamaQuantum ImmunologicsMobile, Alabama, USA

Mohamed Ali Bedaiwy MD PhDUniversity Hospitals Case Medical CenterCase Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, Ohio, USAAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyWomen Health CenterAssiut UniversityAssiut, Egypt

Ramy Ahdy BolisUniversity of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama, USA

Sarah Ahdy BolisSt Mathews UniversityCayman, Islands

Joseph H Coggin Jr PhDAdjunct ProfessorDepartment of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama, USA

Diana DeCotis MDDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama, USA

Ibrahim Fahmy MDProfessor of AndrologyFaculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo, Egypt

Aarti Gaglani BSCenter for Reproductive MedicineGlickman Urological and Kidney Institute andOb/Gyn Women’s Health InstituteCleveland ClinicCleveland, Ohio, USA

Juan García-VelascoMedical DirectorIVI Madrid, SpainAssociate ProfessorRey Juan Carlos UniversityMadrid, Spain

Sajal Gupta MDAssistant Coordinator and Research AssociateReproductive Research CenterGlickman Urological and Kidney Institute andDepartment of Obstetrics/ GynecologyCleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

James Hole DODirector of Antenatal TestingWellspan Maternal-Fetal-MedicineAssistant Clinical Professor of Obstetrics andGynecologyPenn Sate University College of MedicineHershey, Pennsylvania, USAAssistant Professor


Division of Maternal-Fetal-MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama, USA

Chris A HuffReproductive Endocrinology and InfertilityUniversity of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama, USA

William W Hurd MD MScProfessor and DirectorDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology and InfertilityReproductive BiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, Ohio, USA

John Isaak MDFellowDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology and InfertilityDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama, USA

Ruth Kennedy CRNPIVF CoordinatorDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology and InfertilityDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama, USA

Elise E Labbé PhDProfessorDepartment of PsychologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama, USA

Jennifer Lambert RN BSNDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology and InfertilityDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama, USA

Peter Alexander MeikheilUniversity of AlabamaTuscaloosa, Alabama, USA

Stephen Montgomery MDAttending RadiologistDepartment of RadiologyCrouse HospitalSyracuse, New York, USA

Hany F Moustafa MDFellowDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology and InfertilityDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama, USA

Osama Nagib MDFellowDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology and InfertilityDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of South Alabama”Mobile, Alabama, USA

Ahmed M A Nasr MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyWomen Health CenterAssiut UniversityAssiut, Egypt

Moshood Olatinwo MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama, USA

Youssef Rezk MDFellow, Gynecological ServiceDepartment of SurgeryMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, New York, USA

Botros Rizk MD MA FRCOG FRCS(C) HCLD FACOG FACSProfessor and HeadDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology and InfertilityMedical and Scientific Director, USA IVF ProgramDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama, USA

Christine B RizkJohn Emory ScholarEmory UniversityAtlanta, Georgia, USA

Christopher B RizkRice UniversityHouston, Texas, USA

David B RizkTulane UniversityNew Orleans, Louisiana, USA

James W Rohrer PhDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama, USA

Joelle Safi MDCenter for Reproductive MedicineGlickman Urological and Kidney Institute andOb/Gyn Women’s Health InstituteCleveland ClinicCleveland, Ohio, USA

15

Hassan N Sallam MD PhD FRCOGProfessor and ChairDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDirector of Research in the Faculty of MedicineUniversity of AlexandriaAlexandria EgyptDirector, The Suzanne Mubarak Regional Centrefor Women’s Health and DevelopmentAlexandria, Egypt

Gamal I Serour MD FRCOG ACOGProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDean School of MedicineAl Aajhar UniversityCairo, Egypt

Jonathan Scammell PhDProfessor and ChairComparative Medicine DepartmentProfessor, Pharmacology DepartmentUniversity of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama, USA

Paul Schwarzenberger MDQuantumimmunologics Inc.1881 West Kennedy BoulevardTampa, Florida, USA

Michael ShalabyTulane UniversityNew Orleans, Louisiana, USA

A Michele Schuler DVMDepartment of Comparative MedicineUniversity of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama, USA

Rathna S Shenoy BSCenter for Reproductive MedicineGlickman Urological and Kidney Institute andOb/Gyn Women’s Health InstituteCleveland ClinicCleveland, Ohio, USA

Sherman J Silber MD FACSMedical DirectorInfertility Center of St. LouisSt. Luke’s HospitalSt. Louis, Missouri, USA

Edgardo SomiglianaFondazione Hospédale MaggiorePoliclinio, Mangiagalli e Regina ElenaMilan, Italy

Audrey VasauskasDepartment of Comparative MedicineUniversity of South AlabamaCollege of MedicineMobile, Alabama, USA

M Cay Welsh PhDProfessorDepartment of PsychologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama, USA

Nagy Youssef MDAdjunct Assistant ProfessorDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama, USAResearch Fellow at Durham VAMCSenior Research Associate at Duke UniversityDurham, North Carolina, USA

Contributors

Foreword ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Please provide

Preface ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

In March 2008, in the great city of Alexandria we celebrated thirty years of in vitro fertilization. We honoredRobert Edwards in a meeting dedicated to him and attended by the world IVF leaders in the Historic Library ofAlexandria. Klaus Deidrich talked about Bob Edwards the scientist and founder of the European society forHuman Reproduction and Embryology. Botros Rizk portrayed Bob Edwards from a personal point of view asmentor, friend and colleague. A very entertaining video about Bob’s life was produced and presented by OsamaShawki. This historic meeting was fit for a scientist. We decided to write and dedicate this book on clinical infertilityand in vitro fertilization to Bob Edwards.

In this book, we are also proud to dedicate it to a legend of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Professor Naguib PashaMahfouz. Professor Mahfouz founded the first department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Cairo University in1906. He founded the museum and wrote the Atlas of Gynecology which was world renowned.

The two editors had all their formal learning and training in London in the era of the legends Professor RobertEdwards and Professor Stuart Campbell. Professor Sallam did the original work on follicular and endocrinemonitoring and Professor Rizk devoted his time to ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization.

Professor Sallam work is the backbone of this book that represents a guide to all clinicians dedicated to coupleswith infertility.

Over the years the meetings and conferences, they organized, refined the practice, they enjoyed the internationalinteractions for the last three decades.

To our readers we put in your hand a clear, easy to read and hopefully enjoyable book that you could use dailyin your practice.

Botros RizkHassan Sallam


II.1University of South Alabama

Children’s and Women’s Hospital 2011

II.2 University of South Alabama Children’s and Women’s

HospitalII.3

University of South Alabama Health Sciences Building

II.4 University of South Alabama College of Medicine

II.5 University of South Alabama, Moulton Bell Tower

21

Professor Robert G. Edwardsand Dr. Hassan N. Sallam Alexandria Meeting 2008

I.3Professors Robert G. Edwards, Mohamed Aboulghar,

Youssef and Professor Botros RizkAlexandria Meeting 2008

The Suzanne Mubarak Regional CentreAlexandria, Egypt

The Suzanne Mubarak Regional CentreAlexandria, Egypt

Alexandria Regional Centre for Women HealthAlexandria, Egypt

Professors Robert G. Edwards, Seang Lin Tan,Dr. Hassan N. Sallam, and Professor Botros Rizk

Alexandria Meeting, March 2008

Preface

Acknowledgement ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

ASRM and MEFS Post Graduate Courses 2001-2010


Professor Stuart Campbell, world leader of ultrasound

Board meeting of the Mediterranean Society for Reproductive Medicine on 12 January 2008 in Rome, Italy

ESHRE in 1989Malmo, Sweden

Rotary Club of Alexandria, March 2009 Egyptian Fertility SocietyCairo, Egypt , October 2009

25

Walter L Hogan MD

Clinical Associate ProfessorObstetrics and Gynecology Department

University of South Alabama

James C. Warren, MD, PhD

Clinical ProfessorObstetrics and Gynecology Department

University of South Alabama

University of South AlabamaObstetrics and Gynecology Department 1978




Acknowledgement


Dr Barry Wilson with the helped of Dr J Conrad Pierce did firstlaparoscopy + 1970 at Mobile General Hospital later knownas the University of South Alabama. Probably the firstlaparoscopy in the State of Alabama

27

Michel Abou Abdallah

Mohamed Aboulghar

Mona Aboulghar

Mostafa Abuzeid

David Adamson

Ashok Agarwal

Sezer Aksel

Aydin Arici

Nabil Aziz

Shawky Z.A. Badawy

Juan Balasch

Theodore A. Baramki

Mohamed Bedaiwy

C.M. Boomsma

Peter Brinsden

Stuart Campbell

Charles ChapronFrank Comhaire

Simon Crocker

Melanie Davis

Alan DeCherney

Aygul Demirol

Petra De Sutter

Paul Devroey

Dominic De Ziegler

Richard Palmer Dickey

Essam Dimitry

John Erian

Robert Edwards

Tommaso Falcone

Bart C.J. Fauser

Anna Pia Ferraretti

Juan A. Garcia-Velasco

David K. Gardner

Raouf El Gawly

Jan Gerris

Sajal Gupta

Timur Gurgan

Wayne J.G. Hellstrom

Ahmet Helvacioglu

Amjad Hossain

Howard Jacobs

Howard W. Jones, Jr.

Ruth Kennedy

Charles Kingsland

T.F. Kruger

N.S. Macklon

Dudley Mathews

Bridget Mason

Ioannis E. Messinis

Brijinder S. Minhas

Mohamed F.M. Mitwally

Suheil J. Muasher

Santiago Munné

Manubai Nagamani

Zsolt Peter Nagy

Luciano G. Nardo

Camran Nezhat

Antonio Pellicer

Eleonora Porcu

Marc Princivalle

Elizabeth Puscheck

Vanesa Y. Rawe

Robert W. Rebar

J. Remohí

Barry A. Ripps

R. Ron-El

Joseph S. Sanfilippo

Jonathan G. Scammell

A. Michele Schuler

Gamal I. Serour

Francoise Shenfield

Sherman J. Silber

Carlos Simón

Stephen Smith

Johan Smitz

Mário Sousa

Samuel J. Strada

Carlos Sueldo

Eric S. Surrey

Alastair Sutcliffe

Seang Lin Tan

Ian Thorneycroft

Togas Tulandi

Evert J.P. Van Santbrink

Richard Warren

Antoine Watrelot

Acknowledgement

Contents ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

SECTION I: PHYSIOLOGY

1. Neuroendocrinology of Reproduction ............................................................................................................ 00HN Sallam

2. Steroid Hormones in Reproduction ............................................................................................................... 00HN Sallam

3. Folliculogenesis, Ovulation and Luteinisation ................................................................................................ 00HN Sallam

4. Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle ................................................................................................................. 00HN Sallam

5. Spermatogenesis, Sperm Maturation and Transport ..................................................................................... 00HN Sallam

6. Fertilisation and Implantation ........................................................................................................................ 00HN Sallam

7. Pituitary Expression of Chorionic Gonadotropin in New World Primates ....................................................... 00Audrey Vasauskas, A Michele Schuler, Moshood Olatinwo, Jonathan G Scammell

SECTION II: INFERTILITY

8. Infertility......................................................................................................................................................... 00HN Sallam, Botros Rizk

9. Hypothalamic Pituitary Dysfunction Effect on Human Reproduction .............................................................. 00Shawky Z Badawy, Stephen Montgomery

10. Disorders of Ovulation................................................................................................................................... 00HN Sallam, Botros Rizk

11. Male Factors in Infertility ............................................................................................................................... 00HN Sallam, Botros Rizk

12. The Cervical Factor in Infertility ..................................................................................................................... 00HN Sallam, Botros Rizk

13. The Tubal Factor in Infertility ......................................................................................................................... 00HN Sallam, Botros Rizk

14. Microlaparoscopy in the Evaluation of Infertility: New Horizons ..................................................................... 00Oscar D Almeida Jr

15. The Uterine Factor in Infertility ...................................................................................................................... 00HN Sallam, Botros Rizk

16. Endometriosis-associated Infertility ............................................................................................................... 00HN Sallam, Botros Rizk, Juan A García-Velasco

17. Unexplained Infertility .................................................................................................................................... 00HN Sallam, Botros Rizk

18. Hyperprolactinemia ....................................................................................................................................... 00Hany F Moustafa, John Isaak, Botros Rizk

19. Emotional Factors in Infertility and Infertility Treatment ................................................................................. 00M Cay Welsh, Elise E Labbé


20. The Interaction Between Mood Disorders and Infertility ................................................................................ 00Nagy Youssef, Diana DeCotis, Youssef Rezk, Botros Rizk

21. Psychological Interactions in Couple Undergoing Infertility............................................................................ 00HN Sallam, Botros Rizk

22. Infertility in Endometriosis: Is the Problem in the Endometrium or Oocytes?................................................. 00Botros Rizk, John Isaak, Christopher B Rizk, Juan A García-Velasco, HN Sallam

23. Medical Management of Endometriosis: Current Management ..................................................................... 00Christopher B Rizk, Botros Rizk, John Isaak, Edgardo Somigliana, Juan A García- Velasco

24. Medical Management of Endometriosis: Future Trends ................................................................................ 00Christine B Rizk, Botros Rizk, Juan A García-Velasco

25. Practical Evaluation of Hormonal Status ....................................................................................................... 00HN Sallam, Sarah A Bolis, Peter Alexander Meikheil, Botros Rizk

26. Hormonal Assays .......................................................................................................................................... 00HN Sallam, Michael Shalaby, Ramy A Bolis, Botros Rizk

SECTION III: ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY

27. Assisted Conception ..................................................................................................................................... 00HN Sallam, Botros Rizk

28. Intrauterine Insemination ............................................................................................................................... 00HN Sallam, Botros Rizk

29. In-vitro Fertilization and Related Techniques ................................................................................................. 00HN Sallam, Botros Rizk

30. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection and Related Techniques............................................................................ 00HN Sallam, Botros Rizk, Chris A Huff

31. Treatment of Severe Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome............................................................................ 00Botros Rizk, David B Rizk, Mostafa Abuzeid

32. Cryopreservation of Embryos, Oocytes and Spermatozoa ............................................................................ 00HN Sallam, Botros Rizk, Osama Nagib

33. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis ............................................................................................................... 00HN Sallam, Christine Rizk, Sarah A Bolis, Botros Rizk

34. My Doctor Thinks I Need IVF, Now What? .................................................................................................... 00Ruth Kennedy, Jennifer Lambert

35. Molecular Biology in Infertility and Assisted Reproduction ............................................................................. 00HN Sallam, Botros Rizk, Christopher B Rizk

36. Oncofetal Antigens ........................................................................................................................................ 00Joseph H Coggin Jr, Adel L Barsoum, James W Rohrer, Paul O Schwarzenberger

37. Oxidative Stress and its Role in Endometriosis—Mechanistic and Therapeutic Implications......................... 00Sajal Gupta, Rathna S Shenoy, Joelle Safi, Aarti Gaglani, Ashok Agarwal

38. Fertility Preservation in Female Cancer Patients ........................................................................................... 00Mohamed Bedaiwy, Ahmed M A Nasr, William W Hurd

39. Non-Obstructive Azoospermia Evaluation and Management ........................................................................ 00Ibrahim Fahmy

40. Evaluation of the Role of Fibroids in ART Outcome ...................................................................................... 00Gautam N Allahbadia

41. IVF in Medically Complicated Patients .......................................................................................................... 00James Hole

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42. Ovary Transplantation for Fertility Preservation in Cancer Patients: Fresh and Frozen ................................. 00Sherman J Silber

43. Judaism, Christianity and Islam and In Vitor Fertilization and Cloning ........................................................... 00Botros RMB Rizk, Sherman J Silber, Gamal I Serour, Michel Abou Abdallah

Index ............................................................................................................................................................. 00

Contents

Clinical Infertility and In Vitro Fertilization · Alexandria, Egypt Gamal I Serour MD FRCOG ACOG...

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