CLIMATIC ANALYSIS & VEGETATION TEMPERATURE DATA;...
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GSPublisherVersion 0.0.100.100 SUNPATH DIAGRAM SHADOW IMPACT OF A 5 STOREY MASS ON SITE LOCATION 1 Location Longitude Latitude Altitude Air Temperature: 0C TABLE 01 Monthly Mean Max. Monthly Mean Min. Monthly Mean Range J F M A M J J A S O N D High Low AMT AMR Relative Humidity: % Monthly Mean Max. a.m. Monthly Mean Min. p.m Average J F M A M J J A S O N D Humidity Group MAHONEY TABLES KABETE NAIROBI 36045 E 010 1820 METERS 25 26 26 24 22 21 21 21 24 25 23 23 26 18.5 12 13 14 14 14 12 11 11 11 13 13 13 11 15 13 13 12 10 8 9 10 10 10 10 13 12 84 80 84 90 90 86 86 86 86 87 88 88 63.5 58.5 64 73 72 71.5 66 65.5 76 73 71 70.5 43 37 44 56 62 60 58 57 46 44 54 53 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Humidity Group: 1 2 3 4 If Average RH: Below 30% 30-50% 50-70% Above 70% Rain And Wind J F M A M J J A S O N D Rain mm Wind Prevailing Wind Secondary Total Comfort Limits Humidity Group: 1 2 3 4 AMT over 20 0 C AMT 15-20 0C AMT below 15 0 C Day Night Day Day Night Night 26-34 25-31 23-29 22-25 17-25 17-24 17-23 17-21 23-32 22-30 21-28 20-25 14-23 14-22 14-21 14-20 21-30 20-27 19-26 18-24 12-21 12-20 12-19 12-18 47 51 100 210 171 44 19 26 29 60 127 93 977 TABLE 02 Diagnosis: 0C J F M A M J J A S O N D Monthly Mean Max. Day Comfort: Day Night AMT Monthly Mean Min. Night Comfort: Day Night Thermal Stress: Day Night Indicators J F M A M J J A S O N D Total Humid: H1 H2 H3 Arid: A1 A2 A3 25 26 26 24 22 21 21 21 24 25 23 23 18.5 12 13 14 14 14 12 11 11 11 13 13 13 28 28 28 25 25 25 25 25 28 28 25 25 21 21 21 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 20 20 21 21 21 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 20 20 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 O O O O O O O O O O O O C C O O O C C C C C C C 0 7 1 5 0 0 Applicable When: Meaning: Air Movement Desirable Rain Protection Necessary Thermal Capacity Necessary Our-Door Sleeping Desirable Protection From Cold Air Movement Essential Indicator H1 H2 H3 A1 A2 A3 Thermal Stress Day Night Rainfall Humidity Group Monthly Mean Range H H O H C H O Over 200 mm 4 2,3 4 1,2,3 1,2 1,2 Less than 10 0 More Than 10 0 More Than 10 0 Indicator Totals From Table 02 H1 H2 H3 A1 A2 A3 0-10 11, 12 05-12 0-04 01 02 Lay-out Orientation north and south (long axis east-west) Compact courtyard planning Spacing 11, 12 02-10 00, 01 3 4 5 Open spacing for breeze penetration As 3, but protection from hot and cold wind compact lay-out of estates Air Movement 0 7 1 5 0 0 Air Movement 03-12 01, 02 0 02-12 0, 01 0-05 06-12 6 7 8 Rooms single banked, permanent provision for air movement Double banked rooms, temporary provision for air movement No air movement Required Openings Any other condition 0, 01 11, 12 0 0, 1 9 10 11 Large openings 40-80% Very small openings 10-20% Medium openings 20-40% Walls 0-02 03-12 12 13 Light wall, short time-lag Heavy external and internal walls Roofs 0-05 06-12 14 15 Light insulated roofs Heavy roofs over 8h time-lag Out-door sleeping 16 Space for out-door sleeping required 02-12 Out-door sleeping 16 Space for out-door sleeping required 02-12 Rain Protection 17 Protection from heavy rain necessary 03-12 Indicator Totals From Table 02 H1 H2 H3 A1 A2 A3 TABLE 04: Detailed Recommendations Size of Opening 0, 02 02-05 06-10 11, 12 0 01-12 0-03 04-12 1 2 3 4 5 Large 40-80% Medium 25-40% Small 15-25% Very Small 10-25% Medium 25-40% Position of Openings 03-12 01-02 0 02-12 0-05 06-12 6 7 In north and south walls at body height on windward side As above, openings also in internal walls Protection of openings 02-12 0-02 8 9 Exclude direct sunlight Provide protection from rain Walls and Floors 0-02 03-12 10 11 Light,low thermal capacity Heavy, over 8h time-lag 0 7 1 5 0 0 Roofs 10-12 0.9 0-02 03-12 0-05 06-12 12 13 14 Light well insulated Heavy over 8h timme-lag External features 15 16 Space for out-door sleeping Adequate rainwater drainage 01-12 01-12 NOTE: Human beings are comfortable within a relatively small range of temperature and humidity conditions, roughly between 20-26.7°C and 20-80% relative humidity (RH). Dry Bulb Temperatur e (%) 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 60 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 0 Radiatio n (W/m 2 ) Comfort Zone 0.1 m/s 0.4 m/s 1.0 m/s Air Movement Probable Heat Stroke 800 500 300 100 Relative Humidity (%) HOTTEST COLDEST BIOCLIMATIC CHART ANALYSIS Dry Bulb Temperature F °C 50 60 70 80 90 10 15 21 26 32 20% 40% 60% 80% Comfort Zone Evaporative Cooling Humidi cation Natural Ventilation High-Mass Cooling High-Mass Cooling with night ventilation Conventional air conditioning Conventional dehumidi cation Passive Solar Heating Active Solar and Conventional Heating Relative Humidity (%) PSYCHOMETRIC ANALYSIS CHART Shadow Path Analysis of the Current site Morning Evening Analysis of proposed 5 storey building shadow effect Morning Evening Recommendations 1.Utilize sunshine for passive heating and for daylighting and to minimize liabil-ities of overheating through sun shading, orientation and related fenestration designs. 2. Provide sun shading for west and east facing facades. 3. Passive solar heating is recommended since the cold conditions are not within the comfort zone. 4. Active solar and conventional heating methods are also recommended. 5. Openings on the walls can be as small as 10% of the wall and as large as 40% of the wall. 6. Orient door and window openings to facilitate natural ventilation from prevailing wind. Important factors to consider for design of public spaces These would include plazas, open spaces, communal amenity areas, parks among others. The new net shadow must maintain an average of 50% of any public space having access to daylight for at least five hourly interval times. For circulation areas outside no new net shadow in any one spot for more than three consecutive hourly test times of the test date only.NOTE; Ground level residential private outdoor amenity space such as backyards to low rise residential buildings. The no impact zone is the area measured from the exterior rear wall outward 7.5 meters or to the property line, whichever is less. Microclimate. Of note is the microclimate resulting from the natural elements, and man-made elements, such as buildings and landscaping and how they are affecting and/or will affect the site. For example, a windbreak that protects against the winds can change the microclimate of the site significantly. Strategies to be employed 1. Buildings should be narrow in plan This reduces heat build-up in the buildings. 2. Orientation The Research Centre Should be oriented with the long axis on the East-West direction. 3. Thermal Massing Use of 200mm up to 300mm thick walls control heat lag and ensure that interior spaces do not become uncomfortable to occupy during the day when temperatures are high. 4. Open courtyards and outdoor spaces 5. Use of vegetation - Soft landscaping using grass, shrubs, hedges and trees reduces temperatures and also act as noise barriers. 6. Use of Large Openings for efficient ventilation and cooling of the spaces inside. 7.Overhangs 8. Use of Sun shading elements Use Change of Levels Existing strctures on the site are joined by use of steps to change the level.The Buildings are also constructed along the counters with respect to the site Materials climatic analysis
Transcript of CLIMATIC ANALYSIS & VEGETATION TEMPERATURE DATA;...
GSPublisherVersion 0.50.100.100GSPublisherVersion 0.0.100.100
SUNPATH DIAGRAM
SHADOW PATTERN ANALYSIS
MORNING VS EVENING
SHADOW PATTERN ANALYSIS
SHADOW IMPACT OF A 5
STOREY MASS ON SITE
LOCATION 1
Center for Advanced Studies in Law and Environmental Policy (CASELAP)
SITE ANALYSIS
September 2014
HAZARY NICB02/0799/2011
Location
Longitude
Latitude
Altitude
Air Temperature: 0C
TABLE 01
Monthly Mean Max.
Monthly Mean Min.
Monthly Mean Range
J F M A M J J A S O N D High
Low
AMT
AMR
Relative Humidity: %
Monthly Mean Max. a.m.
Monthly Mean Min. p.m
Average
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Humidity Group
MAHONEY TABLES
KABETE NAIROBI
36 0 45 E
010
1820 METERS
25 26 26 24 22 21 21 21 24 25 23 23 26 18.5
12 13 14 14 14 12 11 11 11 13 13 13 11 15
13 13 12 10 8 9 10 10 10 1013 12
84 80 84 90 90 86 86 86 86 87 88 88
63.5 58.5 64 73 72 71.5 66 65.576 73 71 70.5
43 37 44 56 62 60 58 57 46 44 54 53
3 3 3 3 34 4 4 4 4 4 4
Humidity Group: 1
2
3
4
If Average RH: Below 30%
30-50%
50-70%
Above 70%
Rain And Wind
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Rain mm
Wind Prevailing
Wind Secondary
Total
Comfort Limits
Humidity Group:
1
2
3
4
AMT over 20 0 C AMT 15-20 0C AMT below 15 0 C
Day Night Day DayNight Night
26-34
25-31
23-29
22-25
17-25
17-24
17-23
17-21
23-32
22-30
21-28
20-25
14-23
14-22
14-21
14-20
21-30
20-27
19-26
18-24
12-21
12-20
12-19
12-18
47 51 100 210 171 44 19 26 29 60 127 93 977
TABLE 02Diagnosis: 0 C
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Monthly Mean Max.
Day Comfort: Day
Night
AMT
Monthly Mean Min.
Night Comfort: Day
Night
Thermal Stress: Day
Night
Indicators
J F M A M J J A S O N D Total
Humid: H1
H2
H3
Arid: A1
A2
A3
25 26 26 24 22 21 21 21 24 25 23 23 18.5
12 13 14 14 14 12 11 11 11 13 13 13
28 28 28 25 25 25 25 25 28 28 25 25
21 21 21 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 20 20
21 21 21 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 20 20
14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14
O O O O O O O O O O O O
C C O O O C C C C C C C
0
7
1
5
0
0
Applicable When:
Meaning:
Air Movement Desirable
Rain Protection Necessary
Thermal Capacity Necessary
O u r -D o o r S le e p i n gDesirable
Protection From Cold
Air Movement Essential
Indicator
H1
H2
H3
A1
A2
A3
Thermal Stress
Day Night Rainfall
H u m i d i t yGroup
Monthly MeanRange
H
HO
H
C
H
O
Over 200 mm
4
2,3
4
1,2,3
1,2
1,2
Less than 10 0
More Than 10 0
More Than 10 0
Indicator Totals From Table 02
H1 H2 H3 A1 A2 A3
0-10
11, 12 05-12
0-04
01
02
Lay-out
Orientation north and south (long axis east-west)
Compact courtyard planning
Spacing
11, 12
02-10
00, 01
3
4
5
Open spacing for breeze penetration
As 3, but protection from hot and cold wind
compact lay-out of estates
Air Movement
0 7 1 5 0 0
Air Movement
03-12
01, 02
002-12
0, 01
0-05
06-12
6
7
8
Rooms single banked, permanent provision for airmovement
Double banked rooms, temporary provision for airmovement
No air movement Required
Openings
Any other condition
0, 01
11, 12
0
0, 1
9
10
11
Large openings 40-80%
Very small openings 10-20%
Medium openings 20-40%
Walls
0-02
03-12
12
13
Light wall, short time-lag
Heavy external and internal walls
Roofs
0-05
06-12
14
15
Light insulated roofs
Heavy roofs over 8h time-lag
Out-door sleeping
16 Space for out-door sleeping required02-12
Out-door sleeping
16 Space for out-door sleeping required02-12
Rain Protection
17 Protection from heavy rain necessary03-12
Indicator Totals From Table 02
H1 H2 H3 A1 A2 A3
TABLE 04: Detailed Recommendations
Size of Opening
0, 02
02-05
06-10
11, 12
0
01-12
0-03
04-12
1
2
3
4
5
Large 40-80%
Medium 25-40%
Small 15-25%
Very Small 10-25%
Medium 25-40%
Position of Openings
03-12
01-02
002-12
0-05
06-12
6
7
In north and south walls at body height on windward side
As above, openings also in internal walls
Protection of openings
02-12
0-02 8
9
Exclude direct sunlight
Provide protection from rain
Walls and Floors
0-02
03-12
10
11
Light,low thermal capacity
Heavy, over 8h time-lag
0 7 1 5 0 0
Roofs
10-12
0.9
0-02
03-12
0-05
06-12
12
13
14
Light well insulated
Heavy over 8h timme-lag
External features
15
16
Space for out-door sleeping
Adequate rainwater drainage01-12
01-12
Dry BulbTemperatur
e (%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
60
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Rad
iati
on
(W/m
2)
Comfort Zone 0.1 m/s0.4 m/s1.0 m/sAir Movement
Probable Heat Stroke
800
500300100
Relative Humidity (%)
HOTTESTCOLDEST
BIOCLIMATIC CHART ANALYSIS
Dry Bulb Temperature
F°C
50 60 70 80 9010 15 21 26 32
20%
40%60%80%
ComfortZone
EvaporativeCooling
Humidi cation
Natural
Ventilation
High-M
assCooling
High-M
assCooling w
ithnight
ventilation
Conventional airconditioning
Conventionaldehumidi cation
Passive SolarHeating
Active Solarand
ConventionalHeating
Relative Humidity (%)PSYCHOMETRIC ANALYSIS CHART
CONCLUSIONS FROM CLIMATIC DATA ANALYSIS
NOTE:Human beings are comfortable within a relatively small range of temperatureand humidity conditions, roughly between 20-26.7°C and 20-80% relativehumidity (RH).
Solar control:Utilizes bene cial sunshine for passive heating and fordaylighting and minimizes liabilities of overheatingthrough sun shading, orientation and relatedfenestration designs. Provide sun shading for west andeast facing facades.
Passive solar heating is recommended since thecold conditions are not within the comfort zone.Active solar and conventional heating methods arealso recommended.
Openings on the walls can be as small as 10% ofthe wall and as large as 40% of the wall.
Orient door and window openings to facilitatenatural ventilation from prevailing wind.
s u n p a t hdiagram
w i n ddirection
Existing building on site tobe demolished
site boundaries
CLIMATIC ANALYSIS
CLIMATIC ANALYSIS PROJECT LOCATION: PLOT NO. L.R 209/3127/2 ON ARBORETUM ROADPROJECT TITLE: CENTRE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES IN LAW AND
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
CLIENT: UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI FACULTY OF LAW AND INSTITUTE OFDEVELOPMENT STUDIES
Location
Longitude
Latitude
Altitude
Air Temperature: 0C
TABLE 01
Monthly Mean Max.
Monthly Mean Min.
Monthly Mean Range
J F M A M J J A S O N D High
Low
AMT
AMR
Relative Humidity: %
Monthly Mean Max. a.m.
Monthly Mean Min. p.m
Average
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Humidity Group
MAHONEY TABLES
KABETE NAIROBI
36 0 45 E
010
1820 METERS
25 26 26 24 22 21 21 21 24 25 23 23 26 18.5
12 13 14 14 14 12 11 11 11 13 13 13 11 15
13 13 12 10 8 9 10 10 10 1013 12
84 80 84 90 90 86 86 86 86 87 88 88
63.5 58.5 64 73 72 71.5 66 65.576 73 71 70.5
43 37 44 56 62 60 58 57 46 44 54 53
3 3 3 3 34 4 4 4 4 4 4
Humidity Group: 1
2
3
4
If Average RH: Below 30%
30-50%
50-70%
Above 70%
Rain And Wind
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Rain mm
Wind Prevailing
Wind Secondary
Total
Comfort Limits
Humidity Group:
1
2
3
4
AMT over 20 0 C AMT 15-20 0C AMT below 15 0 C
Day Night Day DayNight Night
26-34
25-31
23-29
22-25
17-25
17-24
17-23
17-21
23-32
22-30
21-28
20-25
14-23
14-22
14-21
14-20
21-30
20-27
19-26
18-24
12-21
12-20
12-19
12-18
47 51 100 210 171 44 19 26 29 60 127 93 977
TABLE 02Diagnosis: 0 C
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Monthly Mean Max.
Day Comfort: Day
Night
AMT
Monthly Mean Min.
Night Comfort: Day
Night
Thermal Stress: Day
Night
Indicators
J F M A M J J A S O N D Total
Humid: H1
H2
H3
Arid: A1
A2
A3
25 26 26 24 22 21 21 21 24 25 23 23 18.5
12 13 14 14 14 12 11 11 11 13 13 13
28 28 28 25 25 25 25 25 28 28 25 25
21 21 21 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 20 20
21 21 21 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 20 20
14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14
O O O O O O O O O O O O
C C O O O C C C C C C C
0
7
1
5
0
0
Applicable When:
Meaning:
Air Movement Desirable
Rain Protection Necessary
Thermal Capacity Necessary
O u r -D o o r S le e p i n gDesirable
Protection From Cold
Air Movement Essential
Indicator
H1
H2
H3
A1
A2
A3
Thermal Stress
Day Night Rainfall
H u m i d i t yGroup
Monthly MeanRange
H
HO
H
C
H
O
Over 200 mm
4
2,3
4
1,2,3
1,2
1,2
Less than 10 0
More Than 10 0
More Than 10 0
Indicator Totals From Table 02
H1 H2 H3 A1 A2 A3
0-10
11, 12 05-12
0-04
01
02
Lay-out
Orientation north and south (long axis east-west)
Compact courtyard planning
Spacing
11, 12
02-10
00, 01
3
4
5
Open spacing for breeze penetration
As 3, but protection from hot and cold wind
compact lay-out of estates
Air Movement
0 7 1 5 0 0
Air Movement
03-12
01, 02
002-12
0, 01
0-05
06-12
6
7
8
Rooms single banked, permanent provision for airmovement
Double banked rooms, temporary provision for airmovement
No air movement Required
Openings
Any other condition
0, 01
11, 12
0
0, 1
9
10
11
Large openings 40-80%
Very small openings 10-20%
Medium openings 20-40%
Walls
0-02
03-12
12
13
Light wall, short time-lag
Heavy external and internal walls
Roofs
0-05
06-12
14
15
Light insulated roofs
Heavy roofs over 8h time-lag
Out-door sleeping
16 Space for out-door sleeping required02-12
Out-door sleeping
16 Space for out-door sleeping required02-12
Rain Protection
17 Protection from heavy rain necessary03-12
Indicator Totals From Table 02
H1 H2 H3 A1 A2 A3
TABLE 04: Detailed Recommendations
Size of Opening
0, 02
02-05
06-10
11, 12
0
01-12
0-03
04-12
1
2
3
4
5
Large 40-80%
Medium 25-40%
Small 15-25%
Very Small 10-25%
Medium 25-40%
Position of Openings
03-12
01-02
002-12
0-05
06-12
6
7
In north and south walls at body height on windward side
As above, openings also in internal walls
Protection of openings
02-12
0-02 8
9
Exclude direct sunlight
Provide protection from rain
Walls and Floors
0-02
03-12
10
11
Light,low thermal capacity
Heavy, over 8h time-lag
0 7 1 5 0 0
Roofs
10-12
0.9
0-02
03-12
0-05
06-12
12
13
14
Light well insulated
Heavy over 8h timme-lag
External features
15
16
Space for out-door sleeping
Adequate rainwater drainage01-12
01-12
Dry BulbTemperatur
e (%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
60
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Rad
iati
on
(W/m
2)
Comfort Zone 0.1 m/s0.4 m/s1.0 m/sAir Movement
Probable Heat Stroke
800
500300100
Relative Humidity (%)
HOTTESTCOLDEST
BIOCLIMATIC CHART ANALYSIS
Dry Bulb Temperature
F°C
50 60 70 80 9010 15 21 26 32
20%
40%60%80%
ComfortZone
EvaporativeCooling
Humidi cation
Natural
Ventilation
High-M
assCooling
High-M
assCooling w
ithnight
ventilation
Conventional airconditioning
Conventionaldehumidi cation
Passive SolarHeating
Active Solarand
ConventionalHeating
Relative Humidity (%)PSYCHOMETRIC ANALYSIS CHART
CONCLUSIONS FROM CLIMATIC DATA ANALYSIS
NOTE:Human beings are comfortable within a relatively small range of temperatureand humidity conditions, roughly between 20-26.7°C and 20-80% relativehumidity (RH).
Solar control:Utilizes bene cial sunshine for passive heating and fordaylighting and minimizes liabilities of overheatingthrough sun shading, orientation and relatedfenestration designs. Provide sun shading for west andeast facing facades.
Passive solar heating is recommended since thecold conditions are not within the comfort zone.Active solar and conventional heating methods arealso recommended.
Openings on the walls can be as small as 10% ofthe wall and as large as 40% of the wall.
Orient door and window openings to facilitatenatural ventilation from prevailing wind.
s u n p a t hdiagram
w i n ddirection
Existing building on site tobe demolished
site boundaries
CLIMATIC ANALYSIS
CLIMATIC ANALYSIS PROJECT LOCATION: PLOT NO. L.R 209/3127/2 ON ARBORETUM ROADPROJECT TITLE: CENTRE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES IN LAW AND
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
CLIENT: UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI FACULTY OF LAW AND INSTITUTE OFDEVELOPMENT STUDIES
RecommendationsUtilize sunshine for passive heating and for daylighting and to minimize liabil-ities of overheating through sun shading, orientation and related fenestration designs. Provide sun shading for west and east facing facades.Passive solar heating is recommended since the cold conditions are not within the comfort zone.Active solar and conventional heating methods are also recommended.Openings on the walls can be as small as 10% of the wall and as large as 40% of the wall.Orient door and window openings to facilitate natural ventilation from prevailing wind.
Noise AnalysisMost Noise originates from the road both at the nothern part and southern part of the site.
Recommendations:*Acoustic insulation of noisy spaces* Placement of private spaces away from Arboretum Road
ARBORETUM ROAD
RESIDENCE
C/A - 76.5/60.0 dBF/S - 72.0/65.0 dB
C/A - 62.8
/59.2
dB
F/S - 58.3
/47.1
dB
C/A - 65.5/50.2 dBF/S - 48.1/23.6 dB
C/A - 71.5/62.8 dBF/S - 61.7/47.0 dB
KEY:C/A - Frequency measurement rangeof the meterF/S - Meter response time
A - This is the range of greatest sensitivity to the human ear; used forenvironmental measurement, workplace design and lawenforcementC - Used for sound level analysis of engines and machineryF/S - This measurement is most commonlly used for waorkplace andenvironmental noise studies
Recommendations:*Acoustic insulation of noisy spaces* Placement of private spaces away from Arboretum Road*Introduce white noise to mask the NW region
SITE ANALYSIS: SOUND LEVEL ANALYSIS
PROJECT TITLE:CENTRE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES IN LAW AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
CLIENT: UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI FACULTY OF LAW AND INSTITUTE OFDEVELOPMENT STUDIES
PROJECT LOCATION: PLOT NO. L.R 209/3127/2 ON ARBORETUM ROAD
The site lies within Nairobi which is a volcanic region arising from the rift valley formation. The volcanic rocks overlie metamorphic rocks of the Neo-proterozoic Era. The
RecommendationsBlack tuffs are very competent rocks with allowable bearing ca-pacity of 1600kPa. They are encountered at of the ground surface.Care should be taken when desiging in the vicinity of alluvium, clays and swamp soils because overloading these soils leads to distress in structures
VEGETATIONThe site has a variety of mature trees and a thick bush covers.The mature trees will be preserved in line with the environmental conservation efforts.The bushes that will fall within the ground coverage area will be cleared off while the rest willl be incorporated into landscaping.
CLIMATIC ANALYSIS & VEGETATION
Center for Advanced Studies in Law and Environmental Policy (CASELAP)
SITE ANALYSIS
September 2014
HAZARY NICB02/0799/2011
Location
Longitude
Latitude
Altitude
Air Temperature: 0C
TABLE 01
Monthly Mean Max.
Monthly Mean Min.
Monthly Mean Range
J F M A M J J A S O N D High
Low
AMT
AMR
Relative Humidity: %
Monthly Mean Max. a.m.
Monthly Mean Min. p.m
Average
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Humidity Group
MAHONEY TABLES
KABETE NAIROBI
36 0 45 E
010
1820 METERS
25 26 26 24 22 21 21 21 24 25 23 23 26 18.5
12 13 14 14 14 12 11 11 11 13 13 13 11 15
13 13 12 10 8 9 10 10 10 1013 12
84 80 84 90 90 86 86 86 86 87 88 88
63.5 58.5 64 73 72 71.5 66 65.576 73 71 70.5
43 37 44 56 62 60 58 57 46 44 54 53
3 3 3 3 34 4 4 4 4 4 4
Humidity Group: 1
2
3
4
If Average RH: Below 30%
30-50%
50-70%
Above 70%
Rain And Wind
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Rain mm
Wind Prevailing
Wind Secondary
Total
Comfort Limits
Humidity Group:
1
2
3
4
AMT over 20 0 C AMT 15-20 0C AMT below 15 0 C
Day Night Day DayNight Night
26-34
25-31
23-29
22-25
17-25
17-24
17-23
17-21
23-32
22-30
21-28
20-25
14-23
14-22
14-21
14-20
21-30
20-27
19-26
18-24
12-21
12-20
12-19
12-18
47 51 100 210 171 44 19 26 29 60 127 93 977
TABLE 02Diagnosis: 0 C
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Monthly Mean Max.
Day Comfort: Day
Night
AMT
Monthly Mean Min.
Night Comfort: Day
Night
Thermal Stress: Day
Night
Indicators
J F M A M J J A S O N D Total
Humid: H1
H2
H3
Arid: A1
A2
A3
25 26 26 24 22 21 21 21 24 25 23 23 18.5
12 13 14 14 14 12 11 11 11 13 13 13
28 28 28 25 25 25 25 25 28 28 25 25
21 21 21 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 20 20
21 21 21 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 20 20
14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14
O O O O O O O O O O O O
C C O O O C C C C C C C
0
7
1
5
0
0
Applicable When:
Meaning:
Air Movement Desirable
Rain Protection Necessary
Thermal Capacity Necessary
O u r -D o o r S le e p i n gDesirable
Protection From Cold
Air Movement Essential
Indicator
H1
H2
H3
A1
A2
A3
Thermal Stress
Day Night Rainfall
H u m i d i t yGroup
Monthly MeanRange
H
HO
H
C
H
O
Over 200 mm
4
2,3
4
1,2,3
1,2
1,2
Less than 10 0
More Than 10 0
More Than 10 0
Indicator Totals From Table 02
H1 H2 H3 A1 A2 A3
0-10
11, 12 05-12
0-04
01
02
Lay-out
Orientation north and south (long axis east-west)
Compact courtyard planning
Spacing
11, 12
02-10
00, 01
3
4
5
Open spacing for breeze penetration
As 3, but protection from hot and cold wind
compact lay-out of estates
Air Movement
0 7 1 5 0 0
Air Movement
03-12
01, 02
002-12
0, 01
0-05
06-12
6
7
8
Rooms single banked, permanent provision for airmovement
Double banked rooms, temporary provision for airmovement
No air movement Required
Openings
Any other condition
0, 01
11, 12
0
0, 1
9
10
11
Large openings 40-80%
Very small openings 10-20%
Medium openings 20-40%
Walls
0-02
03-12
12
13
Light wall, short time-lag
Heavy external and internal walls
Roofs
0-05
06-12
14
15
Light insulated roofs
Heavy roofs over 8h time-lag
Out-door sleeping
16 Space for out-door sleeping required02-12
Out-door sleeping
16 Space for out-door sleeping required02-12
Rain Protection
17 Protection from heavy rain necessary03-12
Indicator Totals From Table 02
H1 H2 H3 A1 A2 A3
TABLE 04: Detailed Recommendations
Size of Opening
0, 02
02-05
06-10
11, 12
0
01-12
0-03
04-12
1
2
3
4
5
Large 40-80%
Medium 25-40%
Small 15-25%
Very Small 10-25%
Medium 25-40%
Position of Openings
03-12
01-02
002-12
0-05
06-12
6
7
In north and south walls at body height on windward side
As above, openings also in internal walls
Protection of openings
02-12
0-02 8
9
Exclude direct sunlight
Provide protection from rain
Walls and Floors
0-02
03-12
10
11
Light,low thermal capacity
Heavy, over 8h time-lag
0 7 1 5 0 0
Roofs
10-12
0.9
0-02
03-12
0-05
06-12
12
13
14
Light well insulated
Heavy over 8h timme-lag
External features
15
16
Space for out-door sleeping
Adequate rainwater drainage01-12
01-12
Dry BulbTemperatur
e (%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
60
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Rad
iati
on
(W/m
2)
Comfort Zone 0.1 m/s0.4 m/s1.0 m/sAir Movement
Probable Heat Stroke
800
500300100
Relative Humidity (%)
HOTTESTCOLDEST
BIOCLIMATIC CHART ANALYSIS
Dry Bulb Temperature
F°C
50 60 70 80 9010 15 21 26 32
20%
40%60%80%
ComfortZone
EvaporativeCooling
Humidi cation
Natural
Ventilation
High-M
assCooling
High-M
assCooling w
ithnight
ventilation
Conventional airconditioning
Conventionaldehumidi cation
Passive SolarHeating
Active Solarand
ConventionalHeating
Relative Humidity (%)PSYCHOMETRIC ANALYSIS CHART
CONCLUSIONS FROM CLIMATIC DATA ANALYSIS
NOTE:Human beings are comfortable within a relatively small range of temperatureand humidity conditions, roughly between 20-26.7°C and 20-80% relativehumidity (RH).
Solar control:Utilizes bene cial sunshine for passive heating and fordaylighting and minimizes liabilities of overheatingthrough sun shading, orientation and relatedfenestration designs. Provide sun shading for west andeast facing facades.
Passive solar heating is recommended since thecold conditions are not within the comfort zone.Active solar and conventional heating methods arealso recommended.
Openings on the walls can be as small as 10% ofthe wall and as large as 40% of the wall.
Orient door and window openings to facilitatenatural ventilation from prevailing wind.
s u n p a t hdiagram
w i n ddirection
Existing building on site tobe demolished
site boundaries
CLIMATIC ANALYSIS
CLIMATIC ANALYSIS PROJECT LOCATION: PLOT NO. L.R 209/3127/2 ON ARBORETUM ROADPROJECT TITLE: CENTRE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES IN LAW AND
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
CLIENT: UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI FACULTY OF LAW AND INSTITUTE OFDEVELOPMENT STUDIES
Location
Longitude
Latitude
Altitude
Air Temperature: 0C
TABLE 01
Monthly Mean Max.
Monthly Mean Min.
Monthly Mean Range
J F M A M J J A S O N D High
Low
AMT
AMR
Relative Humidity: %
Monthly Mean Max. a.m.
Monthly Mean Min. p.m
Average
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Humidity Group
MAHONEY TABLES
KABETE NAIROBI
36 0 45 E
010
1820 METERS
25 26 26 24 22 21 21 21 24 25 23 23 26 18.5
12 13 14 14 14 12 11 11 11 13 13 13 11 15
13 13 12 10 8 9 10 10 10 1013 12
84 80 84 90 90 86 86 86 86 87 88 88
63.5 58.5 64 73 72 71.5 66 65.576 73 71 70.5
43 37 44 56 62 60 58 57 46 44 54 53
3 3 3 3 34 4 4 4 4 4 4
Humidity Group: 1
2
3
4
If Average RH: Below 30%
30-50%
50-70%
Above 70%
Rain And Wind
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Rain mm
Wind Prevailing
Wind Secondary
Total
Comfort Limits
Humidity Group:
1
2
3
4
AMT over 20 0 C AMT 15-20 0C AMT below 15 0 C
Day Night Day DayNight Night
26-34
25-31
23-29
22-25
17-25
17-24
17-23
17-21
23-32
22-30
21-28
20-25
14-23
14-22
14-21
14-20
21-30
20-27
19-26
18-24
12-21
12-20
12-19
12-18
47 51 100 210 171 44 19 26 29 60 127 93 977
TABLE 02Diagnosis: 0 C
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Monthly Mean Max.
Day Comfort: Day
Night
AMT
Monthly Mean Min.
Night Comfort: Day
Night
Thermal Stress: Day
Night
Indicators
J F M A M J J A S O N D Total
Humid: H1
H2
H3
Arid: A1
A2
A3
25 26 26 24 22 21 21 21 24 25 23 23 18.5
12 13 14 14 14 12 11 11 11 13 13 13
28 28 28 25 25 25 25 25 28 28 25 25
21 21 21 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 20 20
21 21 21 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 20 20
14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14
O O O O O O O O O O O O
C C O O O C C C C C C C
0
7
1
5
0
0
Applicable When:
Meaning:
Air Movement Desirable
Rain Protection Necessary
Thermal Capacity Necessary
O u r -D o o r S le e p i n gDesirable
Protection From Cold
Air Movement Essential
Indicator
H1
H2
H3
A1
A2
A3
Thermal Stress
Day Night Rainfall
H u m i d i t yGroup
Monthly MeanRange
H
HO
H
C
H
O
Over 200 mm
4
2,3
4
1,2,3
1,2
1,2
Less than 10 0
More Than 10 0
More Than 10 0
Indicator Totals From Table 02
H1 H2 H3 A1 A2 A3
0-10
11, 12 05-12
0-04
01
02
Lay-out
Orientation north and south (long axis east-west)
Compact courtyard planning
Spacing
11, 12
02-10
00, 01
3
4
5
Open spacing for breeze penetration
As 3, but protection from hot and cold wind
compact lay-out of estates
Air Movement
0 7 1 5 0 0
Air Movement
03-12
01, 02
002-12
0, 01
0-05
06-12
6
7
8
Rooms single banked, permanent provision for airmovement
Double banked rooms, temporary provision for airmovement
No air movement Required
Openings
Any other condition
0, 01
11, 12
0
0, 1
9
10
11
Large openings 40-80%
Very small openings 10-20%
Medium openings 20-40%
Walls
0-02
03-12
12
13
Light wall, short time-lag
Heavy external and internal walls
Roofs
0-05
06-12
14
15
Light insulated roofs
Heavy roofs over 8h time-lag
Out-door sleeping
16 Space for out-door sleeping required02-12
Out-door sleeping
16 Space for out-door sleeping required02-12
Rain Protection
17 Protection from heavy rain necessary03-12
Indicator Totals From Table 02
H1 H2 H3 A1 A2 A3
TABLE 04: Detailed Recommendations
Size of Opening
0, 02
02-05
06-10
11, 12
0
01-12
0-03
04-12
1
2
3
4
5
Large 40-80%
Medium 25-40%
Small 15-25%
Very Small 10-25%
Medium 25-40%
Position of Openings
03-12
01-02
002-12
0-05
06-12
6
7
In north and south walls at body height on windward side
As above, openings also in internal walls
Protection of openings
02-12
0-02 8
9
Exclude direct sunlight
Provide protection from rain
Walls and Floors
0-02
03-12
10
11
Light,low thermal capacity
Heavy, over 8h time-lag
0 7 1 5 0 0
Roofs
10-12
0.9
0-02
03-12
0-05
06-12
12
13
14
Light well insulated
Heavy over 8h timme-lag
External features
15
16
Space for out-door sleeping
Adequate rainwater drainage01-12
01-12
Dry BulbTemperatur
e (%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
60
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Rad
iati
on
(W/m
2)
Comfort Zone 0.1 m/s0.4 m/s1.0 m/sAir Movement
Probable Heat Stroke
800
500300100
Relative Humidity (%)
HOTTESTCOLDEST
BIOCLIMATIC CHART ANALYSIS
Dry Bulb Temperature
F°C
50 60 70 80 9010 15 21 26 32
20%
40%60%80%
ComfortZone
EvaporativeCooling
Humidi cation
Natural
Ventilation
High-M
assCooling
High-M
assCooling w
ithnight
ventilation
Conventional airconditioning
Conventionaldehumidi cation
Passive SolarHeating
Active Solarand
ConventionalHeating
Relative Humidity (%)PSYCHOMETRIC ANALYSIS CHART
CONCLUSIONS FROM CLIMATIC DATA ANALYSIS
NOTE:Human beings are comfortable within a relatively small range of temperatureand humidity conditions, roughly between 20-26.7°C and 20-80% relativehumidity (RH).
Solar control:Utilizes bene cial sunshine for passive heating and fordaylighting and minimizes liabilities of overheatingthrough sun shading, orientation and relatedfenestration designs. Provide sun shading for west andeast facing facades.
Passive solar heating is recommended since thecold conditions are not within the comfort zone.Active solar and conventional heating methods arealso recommended.
Openings on the walls can be as small as 10% ofthe wall and as large as 40% of the wall.
Orient door and window openings to facilitatenatural ventilation from prevailing wind.
s u n p a t hdiagram
w i n ddirection
Existing building on site tobe demolished
site boundaries
CLIMATIC ANALYSIS
CLIMATIC ANALYSIS PROJECT LOCATION: PLOT NO. L.R 209/3127/2 ON ARBORETUM ROADPROJECT TITLE: CENTRE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES IN LAW AND
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
CLIENT: UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI FACULTY OF LAW AND INSTITUTE OFDEVELOPMENT STUDIES
RecommendationsUtilize sunshine for passive heating and for daylighting and to minimize liabil-ities of overheating through sun shading, orientation and related fenestration designs. Provide sun shading for west and east facing facades.Passive solar heating is recommended since the cold conditions are not within the comfort zone.Active solar and conventional heating methods are also recommended.Openings on the walls can be as small as 10% of the wall and as large as 40% of the wall.Orient door and window openings to facilitate natural ventilation from prevailing wind.
Noise AnalysisMost Noise originates from the road both at the nothern part and southern part of the site.
Recommendations:*Acoustic insulation of noisy spaces* Placement of private spaces away from Arboretum Road
ARBORETUM ROAD
RESIDENCE
C/A - 76.5/60.0 dBF/S - 72.0/65.0 dB
C/A - 62.8
/59.2
dB
F/S - 58.3
/47.1
dB
C/A - 65.5/50.2 dBF/S - 48.1/23.6 dB
C/A - 71.5/62.8 dBF/S - 61.7/47.0 dB
KEY:C/A - Frequency measurement rangeof the meterF/S - Meter response time
A - This is the range of greatest sensitivity to the human ear; used forenvironmental measurement, workplace design and lawenforcementC - Used for sound level analysis of engines and machineryF/S - This measurement is most commonlly used for waorkplace andenvironmental noise studies
Recommendations:*Acoustic insulation of noisy spaces* Placement of private spaces away from Arboretum Road*Introduce white noise to mask the NW region
SITE ANALYSIS: SOUND LEVEL ANALYSIS
PROJECT TITLE:CENTRE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES IN LAW AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
CLIENT: UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI FACULTY OF LAW AND INSTITUTE OFDEVELOPMENT STUDIES
PROJECT LOCATION: PLOT NO. L.R 209/3127/2 ON ARBORETUM ROAD
The site lies within Nairobi which is a volcanic region arising from the rift valley formation. The volcanic rocks overlie metamorphic rocks of the Neo-proterozoic Era. The
RecommendationsBlack tuffs are very competent rocks with allowable bearing ca-pacity of 1600kPa. They are encountered at of the ground surface.Care should be taken when desiging in the vicinity of alluvium, clays and swamp soils because overloading these soils leads to distress in structures
VEGETATIONThe site has a variety of mature trees and a thick bush covers.The mature trees will be preserved in line with the environmental conservation efforts.The bushes that will fall within the ground coverage area will be cleared off while the rest willl be incorporated into landscaping.
CLIMATIC ANALYSIS & VEGETATION WIND
• The average wind speeds in the local area are given in the table above.• The prevailing winds on site are the NORTH EASTERLIES.
• There were also lesser winds noticed originating from the south- east.
• As such, windows used for ventilation should be oriented NW - SE for optimum wind capture. Areas requiring lesser loss of heat should be oriented away from the prevailing winds.
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
The average annual relative humidity is 72.8% and
average monthly relative humidity ranges from
64% in October to 79% in July.
TEMPERATURE DATA; AIR
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE DATA; ANALYSIS
Shadow Path Analysis of the Current site
Morning Evening
Analysis of proposed 5storey building shadow
effect
Morning Evening
Recommendations1.Utilize sunshine for passive heating and for daylighting and to minimize liabil-ities of overheatingthrough sun shading, orientation and related fenestration designs.2. Provide sun shading for west and east facing facades.3. Passive solar heating is recommended since the cold conditions are not within the comfort zone.4. Active solar and conventional heating methods are also recommended.5. Openings on the walls can be as small as 10% of the wall and as large as 40% of the wall.6. Orient door and window openings to facilitate natural ventilation from prevailing wind.
Important factors to consider for design of public spacesThese would include plazas, open spaces, communal amenity areas, parks among others. Thenew net shadow must maintain an average of 50% of any public space having access todaylight for at least five hourly interval times.
For circulation areas outside no new net shadow in any one spot for more than threeconsecutive hourly test times of the test date only.NOTE; Ground level residential privateoutdoor amenity space such as backyards to low rise residential buildings. The no impact zoneis the area measured from the exterior rear wall outward 7.5 meters or to the property line,whichever is less.
Microclimate.Of note is the microclimate resulting from the natural elements, and man-madeelements, such as buildings and landscaping and how they are affecting and/or willaffect the site. For example, a windbreak that protects against the winds can change themicroclimate of the site significantly.
Strategies to be employed1. Buildings should be narrow in plan
This reduces heat build-up in the buildings.2. Orientation
The Research Centre Should be oriented withthe long axis on the East-West direction.
3. Thermal MassingUse of 200mm up to 300mm thick wallscontrol heat lag and ensure that interiorspaces do not become uncomfortable to
occupy during the day when temperatures arehigh.
4. Open courtyards and outdoor spaces5. Use of vegetation - Soft landscaping using grass, shrubs,
hedges and trees reduces temperatures and also act asnoise barriers.
6. Use of Large Openings for efficient ventilation andcooling of the spaces inside.
7.Overhangs8. Use of Sun shading elements
Use Change of LevelsExisting strctures on the site are joined by use of steps tochange the level.The Buildings are also constructed alongthe counters with respect to the site Materialsclimatic analysis
