Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere?...
-
Upload
clement-webb -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere?...
![Page 1: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Climate Systems
Chapter 15
![Page 2: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Clicker Question • What is the approximate CO2 content of the
atmosphere?
–A. 0.004% (40 ppm)–B. 0.04% (400 ppm)–C. 0.4% (4000 ppm)–D. 4% (40,000 ppm)–E. 40% (400,000 ppm)
![Page 3: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Clicker Question • What is the approximate CO2 content of the
atmosphere?
–A. 0.004% (40 ppm)–B. 0.04% (400 ppm)–C. 0.4% (4000 ppm)–D. 4% (40,000 ppm)–E. 40% (400,000 ppm)
![Page 4: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Clicker Question • The CO2 content of the atmosphere has
increased by more than 20% in the past 50 years.
–A. True –B. False
![Page 5: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Clicker Question • The CO2 content of the atmosphere has
increased by 19% in the past 50 years.
–A. True –B. False
![Page 6: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Systems?
• What is a system?• Geologic phenomena are complex.• All processes are related to, and interact
with, other processes.• So it is useful to think of geologic
processes as systems or cycles.
![Page 7: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Earth Systems• Earth Interior Systems
– Mantle Convection and Plate Tectonics– Core Convection and Magnetic Field – Rock Cycle (weathering & metamorphism)
• Atmospheric/Biospheric Systems– Hydrologic Cycle – Ocean Cycles (Circulation and El Niño)
– Carbon Cycle (CO2 in atmosphere)
– Oxygen Cycle
![Page 8: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Earth Interior Systems• Rock Cycle
– Igneous-Weathering-Sedimentation-Metamorphism
• Mantle Cycle– Mantle Convection, Crust Formation, and
Subduction = Plate Tectonics – Water Cycling
• Core Convection– Magnetic Field - Ozone shield
![Page 9: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Earth Interior Systems:Deep Water Cycle
• Ocean crust hydrates on ocean bottom.• Crust and lithosphere subduct.• >90% of water is returned at arc
volcanoes• 1 to 10% of this water goes deep.• This water is returned at mid ocean
ridges.
![Page 10: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Earth Interior Systems:Deep Water Cycle
• 0.2% H2O in subducting crust is sufficient to recycle the oceans once in 4 Gy.
• Oceans (0.025% of Earth mass) is maintained by a deep cycle of H in high pressure minerals.
• H solubility in rock is responsible for the style of plate tectonics.
![Page 11: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Atmospheric/Biospheric Systems: Human Impact
• Hydrologic Cycle– Evaporation - Transport - Precipitation - Flow
• Ocean Cycles– Global Circulation & El Niño
• Carbon Cycle (Greenhouse Gas)– CO2 - Photosynthesis - Carbon - Carbonates
• Oxygen Cycle– O2 in atmosphere is biogenic
– Incompatible with methane (CH4)
![Page 12: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Hydrologic Cyclein 1000’s km3/y
![Page 13: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Carbon Cycle: Natural Sources and Sinks
![Page 14: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Carbon Cycle: Anthropogenic
![Page 15: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Carbon Cycle CO2
![Page 16: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Carbon Cycle
![Page 20: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Carbon Cycle
![Page 21: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Warming
• Sea Level Rise– Thermal Expansion of water– Melting Glaciers
• Increased Storm Intensity
![Page 22: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Warming: Vulnerable US Cities
• New Orleans• Houston• Corpus Christi• Mobile• Orlando• Miami
![Page 23: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Climate Cycles:Eccentricity
![Page 24: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Climate Cycles: Tilt
![Page 25: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Climate Cycles: Precession
![Page 26: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Continental Drift and Ocean Circulation
![Page 27: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Ocean Cycle: El Niño
![Page 28: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Continental Drift
![Page 29: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Past Climate History• 18O/16O Variation in Ice Cores
– Oxygen isotopes are fractionated by evaporation and precipitation.
– The vapor prefers the lighter isotope.– Cold global temperatures deplete 18O in ice
and enrich it in ocean water.– Isotope variation can be measured in ice cores
and in ocean sediments.
• CO2 variation can be measured in gas bubbles in ice.
• Both methods provide evidence of large variation in global temperatures
![Page 30: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Atmospheric/Biospheric Systems: Human Impact
• Hydrologic Cycle– Evaporation - Transport - Precipitation - Flow
• Ocean Cycles– Global Circulation & El Niño
• Carbon Cycle (Greenhouse Gas)– CO2 - Photosynthesis - Carbon - Carbonates
• Oxygen Cycle– O2 in atmosphere is biogenic
– Incompatible with methane (CH4)
![Page 31: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Earth Systems Terms
• Carbon Cycle• Rock Cycle• Mantle Cycle• Greenhouse Gas• El Niño• La Niña
![Page 32: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Climate Learning Goals• Atmosphere is in equilibrium with surface• Cycles and Systems
• Hydrologic Cycle: Surface, shallow, deep• Ocean circulation: heat transport• Carbon Cycle: Sources and sinks• Oxygen Cycle: Where does it come from?• Rock Cycle: weathering, transport.
![Page 33: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Climate Learning Goals• What is a greenhouse gas?
• How does it trap heat?
• How much CO2 do we have now?
• What are main sources and sinks?• Do we have a record of past CO2?• Do we have a record of Earth temperatures?
![Page 34: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Next Chapter 16Weathering, Erosion,
Mass Wasting• Does weathering of rock remove or add
CO2 to the atmosphere? – A. Adds– B. Removes – C. No effect on CO2
![Page 35: Climate Systems Chapter 15. Clicker Question What is the approximate CO 2 content of the atmosphere? –A. 0.004% (40 ppm) –B. 0.04% (400 ppm) –C. 0.4%](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e615503460f94b5d552/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Next Chapter 16Weathering, Erosion,
Mass Wasting• Does weathering of rock remove or add
CO2 to the atmosphere? – A. Adds– B. Removes – C. No effect on CO2