Climate smart intensification for coffee and cocoa
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Transcript of Climate smart intensification for coffee and cocoa
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www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium
Climate smart intensification for coffee and cocoa
Richard Asare, Laurence Jassogne, Piet van Asten, Sander Muilerman
24th November 2015
(R4D Week 2015)
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Climate smart intensification for coffee and cocoa
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium 2
Richard Asare, Laurence Jassogne, Piet van Asten, Sander Muilerman Presentation at R4D Week 23-27 November 2015, Ibadan Nigeria
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Introduction
• Coffee and cocoa contribute significantly to national economies in East and West Africa • Millions of smallholder livelihoods depend on these crops for cash • These crops have been used, accused and refused, e.g. cocoa
Objective: Identifying constraints and opportunities for climate smart intensification of coffee and cocoa in East and West Africa respectively
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium
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Year 2050 - 134kg/ha Equivalent to - 60million USD Of foreign export earnings per annum
Climate change already has an impact on coffee: example of Tanzania
Craparo et al. 2015 www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium
Craparo et al., 2015
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Climate change has an impact on cocoa and coffee
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium
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Cope Adjust Transform
Plant Existing high yielding varieties Fertilizers
Drought resistant varieties, insects
New crops eg. cashew
Field Shade trees GAP
Irrigation New shade trees
GAP for new crops
Farm/livelihood Farm: Management of biomass Livelihood: gender, youth, targeting
On-farm and off-farm diversification
Targeting farmers based on new introduced crops
Community/Landscape
Self-help teams Erosion control
Use of community land in times of crisis
Trainings/FFS for new crops
Markets/value chains
Certification trainings
Financial services to diversify
Financial services to introduce new crops Markets for new crops
Policy Multi-actor and multi-level platforms Participatory planning
Systems framework
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Plant level
Cocoa and coffee: • Germplasm • Insects (Mirids) • Foliar analysis • Compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) • Soil analysis • Fertilizer recommendations
Cote d’Ivoire Uganda
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Field level
Shade trees in cocoa
Canopy cover and yield of cocoa
(triangles=with fertilizer,
crosses=without fertilizer) in
Atwima Nwabiagya, Amansie
West, Wassa Amenfi West and
Sefwi Wiawso.
The lines show the model
predictions (full lines=with
fertilizer, dashed line=without
fertilizer).
These model lines are drawn
inside the range of the canopy
cover in the four districts and two
fertilizer regimens, but for
visualization extended around
cover=0% for the subplots
without shade
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Field level
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium
Species # Mean
DBH
Mean
CA
Equation r2
Albizia adianthifolia 11 0.34 95.77 CA=273.47*dbh1.02
0.42
Albizia ferruginea 11 0.43 74.57 CA=140.02*dbh0.76
0.45
Amphimas pterocarpoides 24 0.34 48.09 CA=135.21*dbh1.12
0.66
Anthocleista nobilis 10 0.39 29.45 CA=129.83*dbh1.94
0.73
Bombax buonopozense 33 0.72 107.76 CA=137.03*dbh1.13
0.43
Ceiba pentandra 19 0.95 151.82 CA=131.43*dbh1.24
0.74
Cola nitida 26 0.35 48.11 CA=167.08*dbh1.32
0.63
Ficus capensis 11 0.49 85.13 CA=152.32*dbh0.96
0.62
Lannea welwitschii
17 0.36 70.54 CA=182.51*dbh1.18
0.48
Morinda lucida 49 0.33 38.38 CA=160.13*dbh1.52
0.61
Petersianthus macrocarpus 13 0.62 49.65 CA=76.07*dbbh0.79
0.57
Pterygota macrocarpa 10 0.82 112.88 CA=124.41*dbh0.63
0.58
Rauvolfia vomitoria 14 0.16 28.64 CA=387.11*dbh1.44
0.55
Spathodea campanulata 27 0.39 41.25 CA=199.10*dbh1.30
0.65
Sterculia tragacantha 33 0.31 46.00 CA=202.99*dbh1.32
0.67
Triplochiton scleroxylon 18 0.68 84.82 CA=104.76*dbh0.79
0.68
Relationship between CA and DBH of frequently used shade tree species
in Ashanti and Western regions of Ghana: (Asare & Raebild 2015)
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Field level
Decision support tool for coffee and cocoa
10 10 www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium
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Livelihood level
Which farmers should we target for cocoa and coffee intensification?
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Livelihood level
Support tools based on decision tree to target farmers
ENVIRONMENT
RESOURCES
AMBITION/ATTITUDES ORIENTATION
Cope Adjust Transform
Land Labor Capital
Market Subsistence
CSA matching tool
Recommendations for CSA
Pessimist
Optimist
Pragmatist
Trapped
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Landscape/community level
Intensification for conserving the forest in the Congo basin – MITIGATING CLIMATE CHANGE AT LANDCAPE LEVEL
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Landscape/community level
Using cocoa agroforestry for forest connectivity in Ghana: Asare et al. (2014)
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Markets and value chains
• Scaling of CSA through existing training networks
• Farmer Field Schools
certification Finance Development
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Policy level
• Across scales: National – district – local • Multi-stakeholder platforms – including private sector • This (flexible) PROCESS is a journey not a destination
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Me da mo ase! Thank you! Merci! Asante! Webale! Dank u wel! Danke! Gracias!
- PhD and MSc students - IITA: Piet van Asten, Edidah Ampaire, Herbert Ainembabazi, Richard Asare, Ranjana Bhattacharjee, Stefan Hauser, Sander Muilerman, Els Lecoutere, Franco Magnet, David Mukasa - CIAT: Peter Laderach, Mark Lundy - ICRAF/CIRAD: Philippe Vaast - University of Goettingen: Sophie Graefe and Anthony Withbread - WUR: Ken Giller, Pablo Titonnell, Walter Rossing, Johannes Scholberg - University of Copenhagen: Anders Raebild, Andreas de Neergaard - KUL: Roel Merckx - NaCORI: Godfrey Kagezi, Wilberforce Wododa - TACRi: Prof. Teri, Mr. Maro and Mrs. Suzana Mmbwambo - CRIG: Dr. Kwapong - HRNS: Stefan Cognini, David, Fortunate Paska, Ghislaine Bongers, Britta Deutsch - Agro-Eco: Boudewijn van Elzakker, Willem-Albert Toose - Root Capital: Frank Hicks, Benjamin Schmerler, - Rainforest Alliance: Christian Mensah, Martin Noponen
www.iita.org A member of CGIAR consortium