GROUP MEMBERS

INTRODUCTION

What is Climate Change?

Climate change refers to any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time. In other words, climate change includes major changes in temperature, precipitation, or wind patterns, among other effects, that occur over several decades or longer.

CLIMATE OF MALAYSIA

MALAYSIALocated near the equator(climate is categorized equatorial)The average rainfall is 250 centimetre a yearThe average temperature is 27 °C The climates of the Peninsula and the East differ

PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

EAST MALAYSIA

The Southwest Monsoon -From late May to September -Originating in China and the North PacificThe Northeast Monsoon -From November to March - Originates from the deserts of Australia

Malaysia faces two monsoon winds seasons:

RAINFALLFACTS•Expressed as the amount of rainwater that accumulated water depth on a flat surface.

•Measured to the nearest 0.25 mm(1 L / m² = 1 mm).

•Place rain water less than 254 mm (10 inches) a year is called a desert

•Rainfall is more than 510 mm/year needed for agricultural purposes.

•>2540 mm of rain per year, wild plants can be very fertile so that threaten crops.

SEASONAL WIND PATTERNS DETERMINE THE NATURE OF THE LOCAL TOPOGRAPHY, RAINFALL PATTERNS IN MALAYSIA.

Exposed areas :•East coast of Peninsular Malaysia•Western Sarawak •Sabah & Sarawak

Changes in seasonal rainfall (Peninsular Malaysia): (A) East coast of Peninsular Malaysia ( November to January) (B) The pattern on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia (October to November) & (April to May) 

FACTORS/CAUSES:

New Moon Phenomenon

Perigean Spring Tide :•Sun & Moon are aligned together•Gravity affects is two times high/strong

•Moon is between the earth and sun•Moon is close to the sun

2014

Normal speed/frequency : 5 knots or 10 km / h

The wind storm : speeds of around 50 knots or 100 miles/hrThe hurricane : speeds 200 knots or 360 miles per hour

Blast of cold air (monsoon surges) - low pressure systems or cyclones - producing strong winds in the South China Sea and heavy rain

Predominant winds speeds : 20 knots (consistent)State-land of the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia >30 knots during intense surge

Northeast Monsoon

Urban area(kuala lumpur)

Average rainfall in kuala lumpur

Past story rainfall in kuala lumpur

Since 1990 yearly average rainfall displayed an upward trend.(before = fluctuated trend)

Due to rainfall changing

Occurrances drier enviroment observed

January- March and June-Ogos especially in afternoon and late evening (light rainfall intensity)

Wetter environment

July-November early morning trigger water-hazard (flash flood)

Changing trend in urban rainfall

Increased the patches of heat island with urban core (urban heat island)

Temperature urbanized area than temperature observed at surrounding and periphery areas

The changes that observed in rainfall stations could also be due to the effect of global warming.

WHAT ARE THE

EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE?

The unusual and prolonged dry season and water

shortages especially in Selangor and the

Klang Valley. 

The unexpected bad weather that

contributed to the downing of AirAsia flight from Surabaya to KL

(see the weather map below, hours after the incident occurred)

The year-end freak windstorm that blew off roof-tops in Balik Penang, Penang

The mini-tornadoes that caused havoc in Kedah (and the water spout in Penang)

EFFECTS OF SEASONAL RAINFALL

IN MALAYSIA

2014–15 Malaysia floods

Date 15 December 2014 – 3 January 2015

Location Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis,Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor andTerengganu

Deaths 21 killed[1]

Property damage $560 million[2]

FLOOD

FLOODING IN MALAYSIA

HISTORY & RECORDS :Occur frequently in this country on 1931, 1947, 1954, 1957, 1967 and 1971,1998,2006,2007 & 2014

ROUGHLY RECORDS ON DECEMBER

2014

Kelantan, Terengganu,

Pahang, Perlis, Kedah, Pulau Pinang, North Perak, South Selangor &

Negeri Sembilan :

>60% averages value

Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang recorded monthly total rainfall :

>1200 mm.

The highest rainfall amount was recorded at Sibu: 584.0 mm

The highest number of rain days were 27

days recorded at Kota Bharu

SERIOUS FLASH FLOOD IN KUANTAN, MALAYSIA

26/DEC/2014

SOLU TION

AS ENGINEER

STUCTURAL the construction of artificial structures such as dams,

reservoirs, embankments, levees, retention ponds, diversion channels.

Constructing an underground drain at Georgetown the construction of temporary retention ponds where low‐

lying areas along rivers are usually converted into retention ponds.

dredging and deepening major river channels at Teluk Intan. construction diversion channels Embankments.

NON STUCTURAL The government should air public awareness and educational

programmes related to flood control over the media.

THANK YOU