Climate Change and the Economy.pptx

8/14/2019 Climate Change and the Economy.pptx

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Points to discuss

1. Causes of Climate Change

2. Effects of Climate Change in the Global and PhilippineEconomy

3. Existing Policy Responses and Initiatives on Climate Change


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CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Natural Causes:

1. Continental drift2. Volcanoes3. The earth's tilt

4. Ocean currents


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Human Causes

1. Burning of coal, oil, and natural gas2. Consuming electricity3. Utilizing vehicles as a means of transportation4. Generating waste in the form of plastics5. Cutting trees

6. Using more fertilizers in agriculture


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IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

GLOBAL ECONOMY

contributing to the deaths of nearly 400,000 people a yearand costing the world more than $1.2 trillion, wiping 1.6%annually from global GDP

By 2030, the researchers estimate, the cost of climatechange and air pollution combined will rise to 3.2% ofglobal GDP, with the world's least developed countriesforecast to bear the brunt, suffering losses of up to 11% oftheir GDP.

Temperatures have already risen by 0.7C globally since theend of the 19th century.


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Sheikh Hasina, prime minister of Bangladesh, said: "A 1C risein temperature is associated with 10% productivity loss in

farming. . For us, it means losing about 4m tonnes of foodgrain, amounting to about $2.5bn. That is about 2% of ourGDP. Adding up the damages to property and other losses,we are faced with a total loss of about 3-4% of GDP. Withoutthese losses, we could have easily secured much highergrowth."

Michael Zammit Cutajar, former executive secretary of theUN Framework Convention on Climate Change, said:"Climate change is not just a distant threat but a presentdangerits economic impact is already with us."


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The impacts (an impact describes a specific change in a system

caused by its exposure to climate change. Impacts may be judgedto be harmful or beneficial5) of climate change can be simplifiedas follows:

a reduction in crop yields around tropical and sub-tropicalregions;

decreased water availability in areas already short of water; an increase in the spread of diseases such as malaria, dengue

fever, schistosomiasis, and other viral diseases; and increased instances of flooding as intensity of rainfall increases

and sea levels increase.


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PHILIPPINES

faces threats from more intense tropical cyclones, drasticchanges in rainfall patterns, sea level rise, and increasingtemperatures.

Climate variability increasingly induces drought during El Nioepisodes and floods during La Nia. Consequently, thePhilippines face increasing disaster risks with geologic/seismicdangers closely interacting with such meteorological hazards.

Cost- P15 billion per year in terms of direct damages or morethan 0.5% of the national GDP [World Bank/NDCC, 2004]


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One of the major impacts of climate change in thePhilippines is on food security. The Philippine is anagriculturallydependent country wherein agriculturerepresents 1/5 of the total economy (18% of GDP).

Food and water resources have been greatly affected bythe increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weatherevents.

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishery, WaterResources, Biodiversity

Large decreases in rainfall and longer drier periods will affectthe amount of water in watersheds and dams which provideirrigation services to farmers, especially those in rain fed areas,thereby, limiting agricultural production.


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The existing humaninduced threats to biodiversity arecompounded by the adverse impacts of climate change onterrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna.

Temperature level rise may result to biodiversity migration andmay disrupt the relationship of different species which willhighly affected species survival.

With the nations diverse ecosystem and richnatural resources, the loss of forest cover and

degradation of coastal and marine resources arealso greatly influenced by climate change.


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Infrastructure

direct exposure to prolonged and frequent rainfall,strong winds, higher waves and temperaturevariations.

could be damaging to critical areassuchas power lines, transportation systems, school

buildings, hospitals, dams

Energy sector

greatly affected by climate change since energytechnologies, particularly on power generation fromsources that rely greatly on the climate for its resource.

With changes in precipitation, wind speed andcloudiness, green energy technologies will beaffected.


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Effect of typhoons onthe economy/agriculture. Agricultureis the Sector most affected bytropical cyclones.

Irrigated and non-irrigatedpaddy rice are planted twice ayear. In 1997, however, the

drastic drop in rainfall coincidedwith the start of the secondcropping for these crops. It wasthen that some fields were leftidle or some farmers, despitethe deficit in water, risked theircrop production.

As a consequence, productionlosses for both palay andcorn crops were incurred duringthe period, posting the highestdamage due to drought,exacerbated by pests anddiseases.

Agriculture incurred the highest production lossamounting to 307 million pesos for rice and 521million pesos for corn.


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These events usually

occur during themonths of March andApril every year andcould be a result of acombination of hightemperature, low

humidity and lack ofrainfall that persistduring these drymonths.


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Major Findings: Climate Change Impact and

Vulnerabilities

Mean temperature is increasing Night time temperature on the

rise

Shifting pathways of moreintense typhoons Shifting seasons Decreasing number of rainy

days


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It is generally believed that the more intense tropical cyclonesand heavy rainfall episodes causing large economic costs and

loss of lives are already fingerprints of a changing climate


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The Philippines is one of 4 Southeast Asian countries likely to

experience wider economic contraction of 6 percent by2100 because of environmental risks, the AsianDevelopment Bank (ADB) said.

Findings: Philippines & Economy

Without these risks, the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, and

Vietnam would just experience an economic decline of 2.2percent, the ADB said in its report, TheEconomics of ClimateChange in Southeast Asia: A Regional Review.

The ADB also monetized the annual losses of the entireSoutheast Asian region due to climate change. It said this

environmental phenomenon would shave off $230 billionfrom, or 6.7 percent of, the regionsgross domestic product(GDP).


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The 4 countries are expected to suffer from a decline in

rice yield by 50 percent due to climate change. By 2020,the Philippines is forecasted to receive the biggest blowwith a 75 percent plunge.

Currently, however, the Philippines is the most vulnerable

country among the four when it comes to floods and storms.From 2000-2008, the Philippines was hit by over 100 storms,affecting 35 million people. The situation is expected to getworse as climate change looms due to increasedprecipitation.

"Climate change is not just about losing lives anymore. It hasbecome an economic development issue," said ClimateChange Commissioner Lucille Sering on ANC's "Headstart."


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What is being done bythe government ?

The P330 billion stimulus package called Economic ResiliencyPlan provides for over 100,000 green jobs. These include50,000 upland farmers for the Department of Environment andNatural Resources (DENR) reforestation and agroforestry

program, and 59,111 forest guards earning P3,000 a month alsofrom the DENR.

NATIONAL GREENING PROGRAM

It is a massive forest rehabilitation program of the govt

established by virtue of Executive Order No. 26 issued onFeb. 24, 2011 by President Benigno S. Aquino III.

It seeks to grow 1.5 billion trees in 1.5 million hectaresnationwide within a period of six years, from 2011 to 2016.


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ADOPT-AN-ESTERO/WATER BODY-PROGRAM

A collaborative undertaking between andamong communities along esteros or creeks and rivers,concerned local government units, private sector andthe DENR to achieve a cleaner, safer and healthierenvironment.

Paje reported that the Philippines has also successfullyimplemented clean development mechanism (CDM)projects to reduce greenhouse gas emissions throughthe use of environmentally sustainable fueltechnologies.


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National Ecosavers Program (NEP)

Metro Manilas public school students will now be able toexchange their recyclables for school supplies or even cash

Paje said the goal of the program was to have everyschool establish an ecological solid waste recovery

system, thereby reducing solid waste being collectedfrom schools and households.


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DENR RECOGNIZES 18 GREENCOMPANIES

Eighteen (18) business companies, including multinationalfirms Coca-Cola Bottlers Philippines, Nestle Philippines,Pilipinas Shell Petroleum and Holcim Philippines, join theroster of most environmentally responsible corporationsoperating in the country for their exemplary performanceunder the Philippine Environmental Partnership Program(PEPP) of the Department of Environment and NaturalResources (DENR).


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Climate Change and the Economy.pptx

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