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Transcript of Climate
CLIMATE CHANGE
Presented by:JOHN JULIUS BERMEJO
RT3 at Pateros Rescue Unit, LGU Pateros NCR
What is climate change?What is climate change?
““Change in climate which is Change in climate which is attributed directly to attributed directly to human human activity activity that alters the that alters the composition of the global composition of the global atmosphere and which is in atmosphere and which is in addition to addition to natural climate natural climate variabilityvariability observed over observed over comparable time periods.”comparable time periods.”
- - (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change [UNFCCC])Change [UNFCCC])
Scientists now agreeScientists now agree that most of the global that most of the global warming today have been warming today have been caused by caused by
Human Human ActivitiesActivities
Human activities that lead to the Human activities that lead to the increase in increase in concentration of greenhouse gases concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) include:(GHGs) include:
Worldwide deforestationWorldwide deforestation
Increasing industrial activityIncreasing industrial activity
Motor vehicle emissionMotor vehicle emission
Waste management Waste management
practicespractices
Intensive agricultureIntensive agriculture
Waste as a source of GHG Waste as a source of GHG emissionsemissions Decaying solid waste in landfills emits methaneDecaying solid waste in landfills emits methane
KLIMAKLIMA
Waste as a source of GHG Waste as a source of GHG emissionsemissions
Decomposing waste in water also emit methaneDecomposing waste in water also emit methane
POOR WASTE AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL
Source: National Geographic Magazine (2004)
PAGASA/DOST
What is global warming?What is global warming?
Global warming refers to the Global warming refers to the increase in the increase in the
earth’s mean temperature earth’s mean temperature due to the so-called due to the so-called
enhanced enhanced greenhouse greenhouse effect.effect.
How do GHG influence climate How do GHG influence climate change?change?
The higher the The higher the concentration concentration of greenhouse of greenhouse gases in the gases in the atmosphere, atmosphere,
the stronger the stronger the the greenhouse greenhouse effecteffect..
Source: IPCC TAR 2001
Strong temperature increase since 1975 (unprecedented)Strong temperature increase since 1975 (unprecedented)
Global Average Surface Temperature Has Risen Global Average Surface Temperature Has Risen (0.74°C) Over the Past 100 Years(0.74°C) Over the Past 100 Years
P h i l i p p i n e G H G I n v e n t o r y
W a s t e9 %
A g r i c u l t u r e3 2 %
I n d u s t r y1 0 %
E n e r g y4 9 %
S E C T O R C O 2 E m i s s i o n s ( G g )
E n e r g y 5 0 , 0 3 8I n d u s t r y 1 0 , 7 1 1A g r i c u l t u r e 3 3 , 1 3 7W a s t e 9 , 1 9 8
T O T A L 1 0 3 , 0 8 5
Impact of Climate Change
GLOBAL STATUSGLOBAL STATUSGLOBAL STATUSGLOBAL STATUS
Scientists’ reportScientists’ report:: By 2050, the By 2050, the world would reach the world would reach the tipping point tipping point of irreversible climate changeof irreversible climate change
Scientists’ reportScientists’ report:: By 2050, the By 2050, the world would reach the world would reach the tipping point tipping point of irreversible climate changeof irreversible climate change
Ice caps will melt, raising sea Ice caps will melt, raising sea
levels by 6 to 7 meterslevels by 6 to 7 meters
Ice caps will melt, raising sea Ice caps will melt, raising sea
levels by 6 to 7 meterslevels by 6 to 7 meters
• weather patters will be disrupted, causing weather patters will be disrupted, causing
stronger typhoonsstronger typhoons
• weather patters will be disrupted, causing weather patters will be disrupted, causing
stronger typhoonsstronger typhoons
Evidence indicated that people living Evidence indicated that people living in low-income countries are 4 times in low-income countries are 4 times more likely to die from extreme more likely to die from extreme natural disasters than those in high-natural disasters than those in high-income countries income countries
Women and men suffer different Women and men suffer different negative health consequences negative health consequences following a disaster following a disaster
Manifestations of Climate Manifestations of Climate ChangeChange … …
Melting of GlaciersArctic sea ice area decreased by 2.7% per decade
Greenland's glaciers are melting into the sea twice as fast asGreenland's glaciers are melting into the sea twice as fast as the previously believed rate of the previously believed rate of four miles per year.four miles per year.
TheThe Thames BarrierThames Barrier, , a major flood defense system a major flood defense system in London designed to be used once every two toin London designed to be used once every two to three yearsthree years is now being used six times a year is now being used six times a year due to increased rainfalldue to increased rainfall. .
• Increased coastal flooding
• Enhanced coastal erosion
• Salt-water intrusion
Possible Impacts
• Impacts of storm surge magnified
Sea Level Rise
Impact of sea-level rise in the Impact of sea-level rise in the PhilippinesPhilippines
Effect on coastal populations, habitats and infrastructures
Intrusion of sea water to upstream of rivers resulting in:
loss of ground water supply
loss of eco-systems loss of livelihoods
Above are significant : 7,107 islands 36,289 km of coastline many river systems
Human society and national economy
Disruption of settlements
Basic needs of humans
Increased migration
Pressures on urban infrastructures
Reduced GDP
Impact of sea-level riseImpact of sea-level rise
THREATEN FOOD SECURITYPrimarily Agricultural and Fishing Economy
Impacts: Agriculture Impacts: Agriculture (forestry)(forestry)
Increased outbreaks of pests Increased outbreaks of pests and and diseasesdiseases
Increased risk of forest firesIncreased risk of forest fires
Increased shift of speciesIncreased shift of species
GLOBAL IMPACTS TO GLOBAL IMPACTS TO HUMAN HEALTHHUMAN HEALTH
Disasters - threats to life & healthDisasters - threats to life & health
GLOBALLY:GLOBALLY:
2 billion people affected with 600,000 2 billion people affected with 600,000 fatalitiesfatalities
More than 2/3 of deaths occurred in More than 2/3 of deaths occurred in AsiaAsia
127 major disasters, 127 major disasters,
23% of all disasters worldwide, 23% of all disasters worldwide,
Occurred in Western Pacific Region Occurred in Western Pacific Region in the past 10 years in the past 10 years
Health Impact (Global)
• 1.8 M people die from diarrheal diseases
• 1.5 M deaths in the 0 – 5 y.o. age group
every year of 5,000 child deaths/day
• 88% attributed to unsafe water, inadequate
sanitation and hygiene
• 1.1 billion lack of access to an improved
drinking water supply
Major killers are climate sensitive Major killers are climate sensitive diseasesdiseases
- Each year:Each year:
- - Undernutrition kills 3.7 million Undernutrition kills 3.7 million
- Diarrhea kills 1.8 million- Diarrhea kills 1.8 million
- Malaria kills 1.1 million- Malaria kills 1.1 million
Each of these is highly sensitive to temperature and precipitationEach of these is highly sensitive to temperature and precipitation
Health workforce are central to Health workforce are central to identifying potential health risks identifying potential health risks
from natural hazards and promoting from natural hazards and promoting personal and community risk personal and community risk
reduction measuresreduction measures
It is essential to strengthen disaster It is essential to strengthen disaster preparedness in health sectorpreparedness in health sector
Hospitals/health facilities destroyed or damaged
People left without emergency care hospitals and health facilities fail to function.
More without public health and clinical services when operations are disrupted due to damage to facility
All disasters are health issue, All disasters are health issue, and damage to health and damage to health
systems affects every part of systems affects every part of society and the nations as society and the nations as
a whole.a whole.
Climate-Related Climate-Related Health RisksHealth Risks
The health effects of climate change
The health effects of climate change
Climate-related health risksClimate-related health risks
Direct impactsDirect impacts EXTREME COLDNESSEXTREME COLDNESS
heat stressheat stress
Indirect impactsIndirect impacts Communicable diseases Communicable diseases
Non-communicable diseases Non-communicable diseases (particularly coronary and (particularly coronary and
respiratoryrespiratory))
Climate-related health risksClimate-related health risks
Temperature related illness and deathTemperature related illness and death
Extreme weather related health effectsExtreme weather related health effects
Air pollution related diseasesAir pollution related diseases
Water and food borne diseaseWater and food borne disease
Vectorborne and rodent borne diseaseVectorborne and rodent borne disease
Food and water shortagesFood and water shortages
Population displacementsPopulation displacements
LOCAL HEALTH LOCAL HEALTH IMPACTS OF CLIMATE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE
CHANGE CHANGE
Environmental Health Situation
WHAT CAN THE LOCAL WHAT CAN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT DO?GOVERNMENT UNIT DO?
WHO ARE VULNERABLEWHO ARE VULNERABLE1. ELDERLY
- -more susceptible- More likely to have underlying disease- Decline immune system- Poor nutrition
2. THE YOUNG - not yet developed fully their functions
-thermoregulatory systems (heatstroke, diarrhea)-increase susceptibility to infectious diseases
3. THE POOR- Lack of resources- poor nutrition- compromised immune system-substandard housing-exposure to air pollution
WHO ARE VULNERABLEWHO ARE VULNERABLE
4. Pregnant Women4. Pregnant Women- prone to infection- prone to infection
- limited movement- limited movement
- considerations doubled- considerations doubled
5. Persons with Disability (PWD)5. Persons with Disability (PWD)
- absence of a sense or senses- absence of a sense or senses
- presence of deformity- presence of deformity
- limited ability- limited ability
Health sector actions on adaptation to Health sector actions on adaptation to climate change climate change
Source: Time Magazine, 1997
Diseases affected
by climate
Integrated vector management
EnvironmentalHealth capacity buillding
Safe drinkingwater
Health actionin emergencies
Infectious diseasesurveillance
Healthy Development
CC and Health: Adaptive CC and Health: Adaptive StrategiesStrategies
Public education and awarenessPublic education and awareness
Early-alert systems:Early-alert systems:
impending impending weather weather extremes,extremes,
infectious disease outbreaksinfectious disease outbreaks
Community-based neighborhood supportCommunity-based neighborhood support
Climate-proofed housing designClimate-proofed housing design
Disaster preparednessDisaster preparedness
health-system capacityhealth-system capacity
Protecting health facilitiesProtecting health facilities
Ensuring risk reduction in the design and construction of health facilitiesEnsuring risk reduction in the design and construction of health facilities
Improving the non-structural and functional vulnerability of existing Improving the non-structural and functional vulnerability of existing health facilitieshealth facilities
Adopting legislative and financial measures to select and retrofit the Adopting legislative and financial measures to select and retrofit the most critical facilities tomost critical facilities to increase levels of protectionincrease levels of protection
•Enhanced infectious disease control programs
vaccines,vector control,
case detection and treatment
Improved surveillance:
•Risk indicators e.g. mosquito numbers,
aeroallergen concentration
•Health outcomes
infectious disease outbreaks, rural suicide rates, seasonal asthma peaks
CC and Health: Adaptive Strategies
CC and Health: Main Types of Adaptive CC and Health: Main Types of Adaptive StrategiesStrategies
CoordinateCoordinate efforts on the efforts on the implementation implementation of commitments and of commitments and obligations to obligations to the the UNFCCC.UNFCCC.
Coordinate with relevant organizationsCoordinate with relevant organizations
Conduct and coordinateConduct and coordinate capacity capacity building building activities such as training activities such as training workshops workshops and and orientation orientation seminars.seminars.
Promote Public AwarenessPromote Public Awareness
Educate yourself, you family, your Educate yourself, you family, your friends, your co-workers and everyone friends, your co-workers and everyone you meet. you meet.
The more people are aware of the The more people are aware of the issues the more likely they are to make issues the more likely they are to make decisions that will be constructive! decisions that will be constructive!
Be activeBe active - Speak up in a positive way - Speak up in a positive way in your local community and in your local community and organization and help others to commit organization and help others to commit to reducing greenhouse gas emissionsto reducing greenhouse gas emissions. .
Methyl esterMethyl ester from coconutfrom coconut
Methyl esterMethyl ester from coconutfrom coconut
BiodieselBiodiesel from micro-from micro-algaealgae
BiodieselBiodiesel from micro-from micro-algaealgae
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
Transport SectorTransport Sector Transport SectorTransport Sector
Power SectorPower Sector Power SectorPower Sector
Clean energy resourcesClean energy resources: : wind, wind, solar, tidal, geothermal and solar, tidal, geothermal and hydro-electric powerhydro-electric power
Clean energy resourcesClean energy resources: : wind, wind, solar, tidal, geothermal and solar, tidal, geothermal and hydro-electric powerhydro-electric power
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
IndustriesIndustries IndustriesIndustries
Buildings must Buildings must be re-designed be re-designed for energy-for energy-efficiencyefficiency
Waste Waste management management practicespractices
Buildings must Buildings must be re-designed be re-designed for energy-for energy-efficiencyefficiency
Waste Waste management management practicespractices
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
Solid Waste Management R.A.9003Solid Waste Management R.A.9003 Solid Waste Management R.A.9003Solid Waste Management R.A.9003
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
Segregate wastes from the sourceSegregate wastes from the source
Properly-marked trash binsProperly-marked trash bins
Segregate wastes from the sourceSegregate wastes from the source
Properly-marked trash binsProperly-marked trash bins
Establishment Establishment of one MRF in of one MRF in each barangayeach barangay
Establishment Establishment of one MRF in of one MRF in each barangayeach barangay
RA 9003:RA 9003:RA 9003:RA 9003:
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
Solid Waste ManagementSolid Waste Management Solid Waste ManagementSolid Waste Management
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
• Recyclable products are usually made out of things that already have been used. It usually takes less energy to make recycled products than to make new ones. The less energy we use, the better.
• By recycling half of your household waste, you can
save 2,400 pounds of carbon dioxide annually.
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
Biogradable Biogradable WastesWastes
Biogradable Biogradable WastesWastes
BioreactorsBioreactors BioreactorsBioreactors
500-kg unit500-kg unit500-kg unit500-kg unit 1-ton unit1-ton unit1-ton unit1-ton unit
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
Non-biogradableNon-biogradable Non-biogradableNon-biogradable
Tin cans, cartons, papers and Tin cans, cartons, papers and plastic bottlesplastic bottles = recycled; sold to = recycled; sold to junkshop for extra incomejunkshop for extra income
Small plastic wrappers and styropor Small plastic wrappers and styropor = = filling materials for tile and brick-makingfilling materials for tile and brick-making
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
ResidualsResiduals ResidualsResiduals
Urban Food Urban Food Garden Garden
Urban Food Urban Food Garden Garden
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency
Replacing old bulbs Replacing old bulbs with with compact compact fluorescent lamps fluorescent lamps (CFLs)(CFLs)
Replacing old bulbs Replacing old bulbs with with compact compact fluorescent lamps fluorescent lamps (CFLs)(CFLs)
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
Carbon sinks Carbon sinks = = tree tree plantings; urban greeningplantings; urban greening
Carbon sinks Carbon sinks = = tree tree plantings; urban greeningplantings; urban greening
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
Renewable EnergyRenewable Energy Renewable EnergyRenewable Energy
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
Disaster Disaster PreparednessPreparedness
Disaster Disaster PreparednessPreparedness Evacuation PlansEvacuation Plans
Refugee Refugee
managementmanagement
Strengthen vital Strengthen vital
installationsinstallations
Educate the publicEducate the public
Evacuation PlansEvacuation Plans
Refugee Refugee
managementmanagement
Strengthen vital Strengthen vital
installationsinstallations
Educate the publicEducate the public
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVESGOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
WAR FOOTINGWAR FOOTINGWAR FOOTINGWAR FOOTING
Every citizen to be on Every citizen to be on “war footing” “war footing” against climate changeagainst climate change
“Total mobilizationTotal mobilization”” of all sectors of all sectors in order to abort the tipping pointin order to abort the tipping point
Every citizen to be on Every citizen to be on “war footing” “war footing” against climate changeagainst climate change
“Total mobilizationTotal mobilization”” of all sectors of all sectors in order to abort the tipping pointin order to abort the tipping point
Thank You !