Clifford on the Ethics of Belief

8
Clifford on the Ethics of Belief (1877)

Transcript of Clifford on the Ethics of Belief

Page 1: Clifford on the Ethics of Belief

Clifford on the Ethics of Belief

(1877)

Page 2: Clifford on the Ethics of Belief

“It is wrong always, every-where, and for

anyone, to believe anything upon

insufficient evidence.”

William Clifford

William Kingston Clifford (1845-1879)

Page 3: Clifford on the Ethics of Belief

Clifford argued that “it is wrong always, everywhere, and for

anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence.”

Do you agree?

What do you think?

Page 4: Clifford on the Ethics of Belief

James on the Will to Believe

(1896)

Page 5: Clifford on the Ethics of Belief

James’s Thesis: A “genuine option” between two

propositions that cannot be decided by reason can and

must be decided by our non-rational passions.

William James

William James (1842-1910)

A great many people think they are thinking when they are merely

rearranging their prejudices.

Page 6: Clifford on the Ethics of Belief

Every option has three dimensions: (1) living (believe in God, or not) or dead (believe in

Wotan, or not) (2) forced (believe A or not-A) or avoidable (believe A

or B) (3) momentous (believe in God or not) or trivial

(believe that it will rain tomorrow or not)

A Genuine Option is living, forced and momentous.

James’s “Genuine Option”

Page 7: Clifford on the Ethics of Belief

(1)   Believe all that is true.

(2)   Disbelieve all that is false.

[do we have any other epistemic duties?]

Two Epistemic Duties

Page 8: Clifford on the Ethics of Belief

James vs Clifford It is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe

anything upon insufficient evidence.

What? You want us to believe nothing rather than to risk believing something false? That is like a general refusing to fight for fear of

risking a wound!


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