Hybrid Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector

Power Plant 250 kWWith

Biomass 24 hours Operationfor

Soft Land, Medium Insolation and Humid Country By

Solar Space Frame Industrial Co., Ltd.

Bangkok, Thailand

February 25, 2555

In CSP technology such as Trough, Compact Linear Fresnel Receiver,Solar Tower, Solar Dish Stirling, etc required large area as shading effect. Itneeds high insolation such as 1,000 W/m2 min. It is not suitable to operatein humid and medium insolation such as 500 W/m2. As the structure toolong it needs good foundation in Soft-land area. It uses high power fortracking as the system has no sound weight balanced. CSP had high thermallosses due to long receiver tubes, long deliver fluid tubes, high temperaturethermal storage, and high working temperature. It required very goodthermal insulation. Once the structure to long it cannot prevented fromtwisting so the structure will be large and heavy.

The turbine required high pressure, temperature, and dry steam quality.Also generator required synchronous system when connected to grid. It isnot Easy to transport and assembly. As high technology the operation andmaintenance costs will be high. The material is not easy to find as thesystem use high temperature. We expect the cost of CSP should below 90THB/W, 3.0 US$/W, or 2.1 EURO/W when compare to solar cell. The HybridCompact Linear Fresnel Reflector with Biomass and Induction Motor Farmmay solve these problems and make it possible for commercial.

Intro

Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector

SOLAR THERMAL 30%700 0C 70 BAR

LIGNITE POWER PLANT 70%

SOLAR THERMAL 75%180 0C 15 BAR

BIOMASS 25%

THAILANDExpected Solar ThermalPower Generation Capacity in 20203,500 MW35,000 MTHB/Yr Savings

Future Solar ThermalPower Generation CapacityUSA 20,000 MWCHINA 20,000 MWINDIA 20,000 MW

WORLD

World Sustainable Energy Solution

Develop and deploy solar energy technology to serveour customers’ who need special design for mediuminsolation, soft-land, and humid countries. For globalelectricity and thermal energy needs in a dependable,market-competitive and environmentally responsiblemanner.

Our Mission

Offer comprehensive and fully integrated CSP solutions Lowest cost and most land-efficient CSP technology Solar steam generators offer turnkey solar solutions, including

power block and balance of plant High-volume manufacturing and installation, scalable and

modular Support services in project development and EPC Life-cycle services for long-term operations and maintenance Easy to operate and maintenance Low operation and maintenance cost Operate from medium to high insolation Hybrid Thermal Storage Direct Steam at saturation or superheat temperature Low tracking power Light weight structure but heavy duty Structure prepare for earthquake, and high wind High efficiency receiver Back up by biomass, biogas, LPG, CNG, Hydrogen (Water) Could operate 24/7 min 365 days/year

Provide breakthrough innovation to lower our customers’ cost of energy

Design for monsoon climate insolation 500 – 1,000 w/m2 and soft-land country

Comprehensive Solar Solutions

Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR) Arrays of optically-shaped reflector mirrors Concentrate over 50 “suns” of energy Boiler tubes generate high pressure

saturated and/or superheated steam

CLFR Technology

Steam (Saturated or Superheated)

• Enhanced oil recovery & refining • Mining • Chemical processing & refining • Food processing • Desalination, Absorption Chiller

• Utilities • IPPs

• Utilities • IPPs

Customers

Standalone Solar & SolarHybrid Power Plants

Solar Steam Augmentation Industrial Processing

Applications and Markets

Solar Steam Generators (SSGs) use Concentrated Solar Power(CSP) and Biomass or Biogas to drive steam engine or provideprocess steam

SSG could have dimension upto 365 m (1200’) long, 18 m(60’) high, 36 m (120’) wide depend on power produced

SSG can produce up to 10,000 kg/hr (22,000 lbs/hr) ofsaturated or superheated steam

Solar boiler, ASME S-Stamp qualify. SSG will not overheat, even with coincident failure of offsite

power (feed water and reflector drive) and backup power(reflector drive) at solar noon on the summer solstice

Durable designs of standard materials can be erected rapidlyand deployed at scale

IBC/UBC structural design for Seismic Zone 4 and 145 km/hr(90 mph) wind speed

Key Product Attributes

Standard Code and Design

ASME “S” Stamp Solar boiler standard ASME Biomass Burner ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code

Section I, 2007 Edition, 2008a Addenda ASME B31.1 Power Piping Code

2007 Edition, 2008a Addenda Structural Codes

Uniform building code International building code

Authorized Inspector

CLFR Advantages

Most land-efficient solar technology,lowest cost CSP technology

Lower land and grading costs andongoing O&M costs, less time-intensivepermitting

Easier access to contiguous, flat land, canbe built on sloping sites (<3% grade)

Reduced environmental impact (no oilcontainments), lower view shed impact

Easy to erection, operation andmaintenance, less time-intensivepermitting

Scalable by adding solar steamgenerators, greater ability to site atexisting power plants and industrial sites

CSP Reference Plant @ 24 hrsDNI @ 550 w/m2 with Biomass1 MW = 12,800 Sqm = 8 Rai

= 1.28 Hectares

On Pure Solar Mode 24 hrsDNI@550 W/m2

Crystalline 84 RaisThin Film 126 RaisSolar Trough 64 RaisCLFR 42 RaisSolar Tower 84 Rais

Modular, Scalable and Deployment

SSG is the building block Each SSG contains one receiver with boiler tubes Receiver heated by reflector rows in segments Segments comprised of factory assembled reflectors and drives Modular System 250 kW, 1MW, 5MW, 10 MW Scalable 1MW, 5MW, 25 MW, 50 MW

Field Assembly

Fast Erection

Rapid field erection Minimal grading required (3% grade acceptable) Simple foundations Steel Truss Structural Receiver (boiler tube and housing) assembled on ground, hoisted,

hydrostatically tested and stamped Assemble reflectors on beams and connect drive

Steam Test

Out of Focus

Aug 25/2011 Cloudy

Row No. 11.30

1 95 109 104

2 130 131 130

3 160 160 160

4 190 191 190

Row No. 13.30

1 135 135 140

2 151 150 155

3 165 165 163

4 173 175 172

In focus

Oct 4, 2011 11:45-12:00 Cloudy

Row No. Zone1 Zone2 Zone3

1 150 180 190

2 170 210 210

3 210 270 300

4 290 350 380

Boiler Trips rotate reflected light away from receiver High exit pressure High exit temperature

UPS back-up for reflector drive power Passive thermal protection protects against

concurrent loss of Feed water AC mains UPS backup

Worst Case Summer Solstice Solar Noon Boiler is completely hot and dry

Safety

Simple, reliable, robust Design for medium

insolation, soft-land, and humid countries

Saturated or Superheated steam at pressure and temperatures that customers want

High-volume manufacturing and installation, scalable and modular

ASME Section I design Commitment to customers

world-wide Lowest cost, most land-

efficient CSP technology

Summary

Efficiency %Reflector 93Receiver 80Thermal Storage 85Steam Engine 30Condenser 85Generator 85Thermal to Electrical 15

Efficiency

Structure Design

• Delta Truss• Software Analysis

- Linear First Order- Linear Second Order- Non-linear First Order- Non-linear Second Order- Dynamic Harmonic- Dynamic Seismic - Dynamic Modal - Bucking - Stiffness - Own weight - Shell Stress- Torsion- Thermal expansion- Moment

• Antirust treatment• Easy to transport and

erection

Linear Receiver

Solar Space FrameLinear Receiver

CSP Type Low Thermal Loss Reliability Scalability Operability High Shock Load Resist HTF as Working Fluid Triple Layer Insulator

Solar Linear Receiver SpecificationSurface Emittance ε 0.03

Surface Absorption αr0.87

Specular Reflectance ρ 0.95

Transmittance of Glass Cover τg0.90

Max. Temperature C 600

Max. Working Pressure PSI 400

Insulation Thermal Conductivity

W/mK 0.05

Min. Direct Insolation 400 W/m2

Max. Direct Insolation 1,100 W/m2

Max. Wind Speed 160 Km/hr

Overall Efficiency 80 %

Descriptions MTHBFoundation 1.00Steel Column 1.50Reflector Support and Mirror 4.50Low Pressure Steam Engine 250 kW 4.50250 kW XFUR with Controller 1.50Solar Receiver 3.00Solar Tracking 1.50Thermal Storage 6.00Biomass System 5.50Accessories 1.00Total 30.00

Cost for 250 kW with Biomass 24 hrs

Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector

Steam Output 400 PSI 450 C

Solar Steam Performance @ 0.25 MWhr

Temperature Up to 750 F (180 C)Up to 900 F (200 C)

Pressure Up to 150 PSIa (10 BARa)Up to 230 PSIa (16 BARa)

Annual Energy per2 Rais (3,200 Sq.m)

450 MWh

Performance Constructability Reliability Scalability Operability

System Efficiency 15 % 450 MWhr/300= 1.5 MWhr/day = 0.25 MW for 6 hrs 3,200 m2 @ 0.55 kW/m2 = 1.76 MWhrThermal = 0.264 MWhrelectric Equivalent to 1.5 MW/day This could produce 250 kWhr for 24

hrs Biomass 70 - 80 % used to run the system. Pre-heated from Solar Thermal to maintain the stability of the

power plant this cause to save fuel 20 – 30 %.

Performance @ 550 W/m2

With Biomass for 24 hrs

Control Panel

Power Transformer for CSP

TASCO Transformer

CSP Type Low Loss Reliability Scalability Operability High Shock Load Resist

Dual Phase Thermal Storage

Solar Space FrameDual Phase Thermal Storage

CSP Type Low Thermal Loss Reliability Scalability Operability High Shock Load Resist HTF as Working Fluid Molten Salt + Graphite for Thermal Storage Integrated Back up Burner Integrated Steam Boiler Triple Layer Insulator

Heat Transfer Fluid

Thermal Salt with Graphite

High Efficiency Steam Engine

Solar Space FrameHigh Efficiency Steam Engine

CSP Type Low Friction Reliability Scalability Operability High Shock Load Resist Low Maintenance Cost Easy to Maintenance High Efficiency

High Efficiency Steam EngineSpecification

Bore 8 InStroke 8.5 inAction SingleNo of Cylinder 4Working Pressure 150 PSISteam Consumption 3,500 Kg/hrPower 380 HP

280 kWInduction Motor 250 kWRPM 1,000Frequency 50 HzCarnot Efficiency 30 %

Induction Motor with Screw Turbine

ABB Induction Motor

Mitsubishi Air Circuit Breaker

Thai Fire Biomass System