Compact Linear Fresnel ReflectorPower Plant 1 MW

forSoft Land, Medium Insolation

and Humid Country

By

Solar Space Frame Industrial Co.,Ltd

Bangkok, Thailand

January 30, 2012

IntroIn CSP technology such as Trough, Compact Linear Fresnel Receiver,

Solar Tower, Solar Dish Stirling, etc required large area as shading effect. Itneeds high insolation such as 1,000 W/m2 min. It is not suitable to operatein humid and medium insolation such as 500 W/m2. As the structure so longit needs good foundation in Soft-land area. It uses high power for trackingas the system has no sound weight balanced. CSP had high thermal lossesdue to long receiver tubes, long deliver fluid tubes, high temperaturethermal storage, and high working temperature. It required very goodthermal insulation. Once the structure to long it cannot prevented fromtwisting so the structure will be large and heavy.

The turbine required high pressure, temperature, and dry steam quality.Also generator required synchronous system when connected to grid. It isnot Easy to transport and assembly. As high technology the operation andmaintenance costs will be high. The material is not easy to find as thesystem use high temperature. We expect the cost of CSP should below 90THB/W, 3.0 US$/W, or 2.1 EURO/W when compare to solar cell. The SolarThermal Dish Steam Turbine with Induction Motor Farm may solve theseproblems and make it possible for commercial.

Our Mission

Develop and deploy solar energy technology to serveour customers’ who need special design for mediuminsolation, soft-land, and humid countries. For globalelectricity and thermal energy needs in a dependable,market-competitive and environmentally responsiblemanner.

Comprehensive Solar Solutions

Offer comprehensive and fully integrated CSP solutions Lowest cost and most land-efficient CSP technology Solar steam generators offer turnkey solar solutions, including

power block and balance of plant High-volume manufacturing and installation, scalable and

modular Support services in project development and EPC Life-cycle services for long-term operations and maintenance Easy to operate and maintenance Low operation and maintenance cost Operate from medium to high insolation Molten salt storage Direct Steam at saturation or superheat temperature Low tracking power Light weight structure but heavy duty Structure prepare for earthquake, and high wind High efficiency receiver Back up by biomass, biogas, LPG, CNG Could operate 24/7 min 300 days/year

Provide breakthrough innovation to lower our customers’ cost of energy

Design for monsoon climate insolation 500 – 1,000 w/m2 and soft-land country

CLFR Technology

Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR) Arrays of optically-shaped reflector mirrors Concentrate over 50 “suns” of energy Boiler tubes generate high pressure

saturated and/or superheated steam

Application and Markets

Solar Steam Generator

Steam (Saturated or Superheated)

Standalone Solar & SolarHybrid Power Plants

Solar Steam Augmentation Industrial Processing

• Enhanced oil recovery & refining • Mining • Chemical processing & refining • Food processing • Desalination, Absorption Chiller

Customers

• Utilities • IPPs

• Utilities • IPPs

Key Product Attributes

Solar Steam Generators (SSGs) use Concentrated Solar Power(CSP) to drive steam turbines or provide process steam

Each SSG is 1200’ long, 60’ high, 120’ wide Each can produce up to 10,000 kg/hr (22,000 lbs/hr) of

saturated or superheated steam Solar boiler, ASME S-Stamp qualify. SSG will not overheat, even with coincident failure of offsite

power (feed water and reflector drive) and backup power(reflector drive) at solar noon on the summer solstice

Durable designs of standard materials can be erected rapidlyand deployed at scale

IBC/UBC structural design for Seismic Zone 4 and 90 mph wind

Engineered for Customer Needs

Performance Constructability Reliability Scalability Operability

Solar Steam Performance @ 1 MW

Temperature Up to 750 F (180 C)Up to 900 F (200 C)

Pressure Up to 150 PSIa (10 BARa)Up to 230 PSIa (16 BARa)

Annual Energy per8 Rais (12,800 Sq.m)

1,500 MWh

Standard Code Designed

ASME “S” Stamp Solar boiler standard ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code

Section I, 2007 Edition, 2008a Addenda ASME B31.1 Power Piping Code

2007 Edition, 2008a Addenda Structural Codes

Uniform building code International building code

Authorized inspector

CLFR Advantages

Most land-efficient solar technology,lowest cost CSP technology

Lower land and grading costs andongoing O&M costs, less time-intensivepermitting

Easier access to contiguous, flat land, canbe built on sloping sites (<3% grade)

Reduced environmental impact (no oilcontainments), lower view shed impact

Easy to erection, operation andmaintenance, less time-intensivepermitting

Scalable by adding solar steamgenerators, greater ability to site atexisting power plants and industrial sites

CSP Reference Plant1 MW = 12,000 Sqm = 8 Rai

= 1.3 Hectares

Solar Cell 16 RaisThin Film 24 RaisSolar Trough 12 RaisCLFR 8 RaisSolar Tower 16 Rais

Modular, Scalable deployment

SSG is the building block Each SSG contains one receiver with boiler

tubes Receiver heated by reflector rows in

segments Segments comprised of factory assembled

reflectors and drives Modular System 250 kW, 1MW, 5MW, 10 MW Scalable 1MW, 5MW, 25 MW, 50 MW

Field Assembly

Downward facing receiver cavitysupports boiler tubes

25 towers support 400 m long receiver

Install on <3% grade in both E-W and N-S directions

Width ~40 m

Height ~10 m

13 Reflectors

Fast Erection

Rapid field erection Minimal grading required (3%

grade acceptable) Simple foundations Steel Truss Structural Receiver (boiler tube and housing)

assembled on ground, hoisted, hydrostatically tested and stamped

Assemble reflectors on beams and connect drive

Steam Test

Out of Focus

Aug 25/2011 Cloudy

Row No. 11.30

1 95 109 104

2 130 131 130

3 160 160 160

4 190 191 190

Row No. 13.30

1 135 135 140

2 151 150 155

3 165 165 163

4 173 175 172

Infocus

Oct 4, 2011 11:45-12:00 Cloudy

Row No. Zone1 Zone2 Zone3

1 150 180 190

2 170 210 210

3 210 270 300

4 290 350 380

Safety

Boiler Trips rotate reflected light away from receiver High exit pressure High exit temperature

UPS back-up for reflector drive power Passive thermal protection protects

against concurrent loss of Feed water AC mains UPS backup

Worst Case Summer Solstice Solar Noon Boiler is completely hot and dry

Summary

Simple, reliable, robust Design for medium

insolation, soft-land, and humid countries

Saturated or Superheated steam at pressure and temperatures that customers want

High-volume manufacturing and installation, scalable and modular

ASME Section I design Commitment to customers

world-wide Lowest cost, most land-

efficient CSP technology

Efficiency

Efficiency %Reflector 90Receiver 80Thermal Storage 85Turbine 30Generator 85Thermal to Electrical 15

STRUCTURE DESIGN

• Delta Truss

• Software Analysis

- Linear First Order

- Linear Second Order

- Non-linear First Order

- Non-linear Second Order

- Dynamic Harmonic

- Dynamic Seismic

- Dynamic Modal

- Bucking

- Stiffness

- Own weight

- Shell Stress

- Torsion

- Thermal expansion

- Moment

• Antirust treatment

• Easy to transport and erection

CLFR Diagram

Comparison of Solar Thermal Technologies

Technology Owner USD/m2 Overallefficiency

Effectivecost

Seasonalvariation

Photovoltaic 800 10 8000 1:2.5 Trough SEGSVI 250 14 1430 1:5 Trough EURO 206 12 1470 1:5 CLFR AUSRA 110 10 1100 1:5 Redressable Trough Xiao 50 20 250 1:2.5 Tower DPT1200 150 24 350 1:7Dish Stirling SOLO 150 29.5 200 1:8Dish Turbine 80 35 180 1:8

Linear Receiver

Cost for 1 MW System

Descriptions THB (Million)Foundation 3.50Steel Column 5.50Reflector Mirror 25.00Low Pressure Turbine 250 k x 4 22.001 MW XFUR with Controller 7.50Solar Boiler (Receiver Cavity) 12.50Solar Tracking 2.50Thermal Storage + Backup Burner 15.00Accessories 8.50Sub Total 102.00VAT 7.14Total 109.14

Space Frame Structure

Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector

Steam Output 400 PSI 450 C

Turbine Test

Induction Motor with Screw Turbine 250 kW

Controller Panel