CLEMSON UNIVERSITY Travel Patterns 2005 City and Regional Planning Studio Presentation December 7,...

CLEMSON UNIVERSITYTravel Patterns

2005 City and Regional Planning Studio PresentationDecember 7, 2005

11:15 AM

Scott Adams Ben Boyles Mark Brown Erin Comstock Anne Dunning

2

Presentation Outline

Introduction Overview of Campus Transportation

Planning Study Methodology Results Conclusions/Recommendations

Introduction

4

Mobility Matters

Access and mobility help define the intuitive feel of a campus

Safe, easy, and convenient transportation systems can help attract students, faculty and staff to come to Clemson

5

Mobility Matters Efficient

transportation can enhance the experience of visitors and returning alumni

Environmentally conscious transportation planning can help preserve Clemson’s natural beauty & meet regional goals

Overview of University Campus Transportation Planning

7

University Campuses are Unique Environments University campuses are vibrant, distinct

communities made up of people from different backgrounds, incomes, lifestyles and attitudes

Diverse demographic and socioeconomic characteristics require a diverse set of mobility options

8

University Campuses are Unique Environments

University campus land use can provide an environment where multi-modal transportation systems can work

9

Evolution of University Campus Transportation Planning

“Build your way out of problems”

Adding capacity (constructing new roadways, creating new parking lots, etc.) to accommodate the increasing use of the automobile.

Planning Paradigm I

The Supply-Side Approach

10


The limitations of a supply-side approach An almost exclusively auto-oriented approach Ineffective at solving modern transportation problems Many campus areas are “built-out” Approach is severely constrained by financial

resources

Planning Paradigm I The Supply-Side Approach

11


TDM programs are a package of planning strategies, incentives and disincentives, which emphasize alternatives to single occupant vehicle traveling

Shift demand from the automobile to other, more sustainable modes

Planning Paradigm II

Transportation Demand Management (TDM)

12


Demand-side

Approach

Supply-side Approach

Transportation Systems Approach

13


Seeks balance between transportation demand and supply approaches by treating campus transportation as a functional system consisting of different modes integrated for optimal performance

Planning Paradigm III

A Systems Approach to Transportation

14


A concerted effort to balance the behavior of individuals with the efficiency of the transportation system

Recognition of social and equity aspects: the need to provide the entire population with a reasonable level of mobility

Use of transportation modes that will enable and stimulate creation of human-oriented areas

Planning Paradigm IIIA Systems Approach to Transportation

15


Benefits of a Transportation Systems Approach Investigates a fuller range of alternativesLooks to affect transportation demand as well

as supplyConsiders the full range of travel modes

(not just the automobile!)Considers other purposes of transportation in

society

16

The Clemson UniversityTransportation Challenge Goal: A pedestrian friendly campus

Highest and best use of campus land Surface parking lot conversion

A balanced transportation systems approach is needed Multi-modal focus

Need to understand how the campus currently moves Travel Demand Survey

Studio Research Objectives

18

Studio Research Objectives How does Clemson move?

Examine Clemson campus community travel patterns including: Students

On-Campus Off-Campus

Faculty Staff Football game attendees

Examine Clemson campus transportation system challenges and opportunities

Provide recommendations that will help to create a sustainable, multi-modal campus transportation system

Methodology

20

Methodology

Three distinct surveys aimed at different aspects of campus transportation issues Internet Survey

November 21 – December 6 Travel Diary

February 2006 to coincide with Clemson University Planning Department parking study

Football Survey 2005 season (5 out of 6 home games)

Results can be applied to both short-term and long-term issues Facilities, services and transportation alternatives Not just parking

22

Internet Survey

1501 valid responses as of December 6

Tree structure (Each survey was unique according to how the person answered it) Classification as

student/faculty/staff Primary mode used Other modal preferences

Widespread distribution, e-mailed to all Clemson faculty, staff, and students

Intro

I05

IRB Review Language and Introduction

I04 I07I06I03

I01

Auto

A01

A11 ?

A01

A02 ?

Yes No

A07

On Campus Students

Off Campus Students

Faculty Staff

A25

Yes No

A11 ?

A01

A16

Yes No

A32

A37

Walk

A11 ?

A01

A16

Yes No

A26

A31

Auto Auto Auto

Bike

B16

B17

B27B18

B21B22

B25

B26

B23

B24

Year Round

Part Year

B18

Rail

No Commute

Commute

R01

R13

R03R02

R08

Yes No

R09

R12

Please see page 3

Walk Walk

W02

W03

W04

W01

W06

W07

W02

W05

W08

W03

W02

Yes No

On Campus Students

Off Campus Students

Faculty, Staff

Yes No

CAT

Golf Carts

C01

C09

C10C02

C11

Yes No

Off Campus Students

On Campus Students

Faculty & Staff

C01

C03

C19C02

C20

Yes No

C01

C04

C28C02

C29

Yes No

C13

C18

C27

C24

G04

G01

DemographicsDemographics

D12

D15

D08

I02

D15

D14

D14

Students

Faculty

Staff

D09

D10

D11

D01

D07

Would you be willing to complete a two-week travel diary for a chance to win an ipod or green parking pass? If so, please check here.

23

Internet Survey

On-campusStudents

Off-campusStudents Faculty Staff

2005 Actual Enrollment/Employment 6,175 10,990 1,322 2,980

Needed for 95% confidence with ± 5% interval 363 371 298 340

Needed for 90% confidence with ± 5% interval 261 265 225 249

Current Sample Size 458 568 200 275

Weight 13.483 19.349 6.610 10.836

Percent of Population 7.4% 5.2% 15.1% 9.2%

Current confidence interval at 95% (+/-) 4.41% 4.00% 6.39% 5.63%

Current confidence interval at 90% (+/-) 3.71% 3.37% 5.38% 4.74%

24

Travel Diary 401 potential participants

interested as of December 6

More focused on trip characteristics than previous two surveys

Entirely revealed behavior of trips throughout the day over the course of week

Paper format, easy to carry along for the day

Trip # _________ Date: 11 / / 2005

Origin:

Destination:

Departure Time: ________:________ a.m. / p.m.

Arrival Time: ________:________ a.m. / p.m.

Reason for Trip: _________________ (choose code from front cover)

Mode of Transportation:

Reason for Mode Choice: r Environmentally Friendly r Convenient

r Good Exercise r Fast

r No Alternative r Safe

r Easy Distance Travel r Private

r No Traffic Hassle r Inexpensive

r No Parking Hassle r OtherSecond choice

for mode?:

# Companions: ________

Companions' Relation to You:

Vehicle Notes: I am: the driver / a passenger(circle as appropriate)

My Vehicle / Not My Vehicle

WhereParked?

(check all that apply)

General Research Results

26

Passenger-Miles of TravelFor the US in 2001

Mode Split for Clemson UniversityInternet Survey Respondents

27

General Internet Travel Survey Results

Percent of Total Respondents by Classification (Un-weighted)

FrequencyValid

Percent

On campus student 458 30.51%

Off campus student 568 37.84%

Staff 275 18.32%

Faculty 200 13.32%

Total 1501 100%

28

No3%

Somewhat6%

Maybe16%

Usually31%

Yes43%

Not Sure1%

Do You Have Reasonable Access to Places Within Clemson University?

29

Average Mobility Rating by Mode for All Internet Survey Respondents (1=None and 5=Most)

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

Automobile Walking Transit Bike Other

Ave

rage

Mob

ility

Rat

ing

Automobile

31

What is Most Important To You While Parking at Clemson?(On-Campus Students with 1=Least and 5=Most)

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

Ave

rage

Sco

re

32

Fairness of Parking Regulations by Classification

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Not Fai

r at a

ll

Somew

hat fa

irFai

r

Very

Fair

Unsure

Rating

Pe

rce

nt

Re

sp

on

de

d

On-Campus Student

Off-Campus Student

Staff

Faculty

33

What Type of Parking Pricing Would You Prefer On Campus (Off-Campus Students)

Up-Front Flat Fee55%

Pay-as-you-go

10%

Reimburse-ment

Program32%

Other3%

34

Average Time toArrive at Parking Space

N

Mean (In

Minutes) Std. Deviation

Off-campus Students 442 13.2 9.74

Staff 234 19.5 13.03

Faculty 168 17.5 13.61

35

“I Need A Car…” (On Campus Students)1=Least Agreement and 5=Most Agreement

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

Vacation

Shopping

Entertainment

Visit friends

Recreation

Medical care

Sporting events

Work

Research/Homework

To get to class

36

“I Need A Car…” (Off Campus Students) 1=Least Agreement and 5=Most Agreement

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

4.6

37

“I Need A Car…” (Staff) 1=Least Agreement and 5=Most Agreement

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

38

“I Need A Car…” (Faculty) 1=Least Agreement and 5=Most Agreement

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

Work

Medical care

Shopping

Vacation

Entertainment

Visit friends

Recreation

Research/H

omework

To get to class

Sporting events

Walking

Envisioning Clemson as a Pedestrian-friendly Community

40

Percent of People Who Walk to Campus

Off Campus Students

Do Not Walk78%

Walk22%

Faculty / Staff

Walk16%

Do Not Walk84%

41

Reasons People Do Not Walk

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

Me

an

Faculty/Staff

Off Campus Students.

43

Walk Commute Times to Campus

Walk Commute Time to Campus

0.05.0

10.015.0

20.025.030.035.0

Pe

rce

nt

Students

Faculty/Staf f

45

Activities to Which People WalkPropensity to Walk by Activity

(1=Never Walk and 5=Always Walk)

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

Me

an

On Campus

Off Campus

Faculty/Staff

47

Maximum Time Willing to WalkWillingness to Walk

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

5 Minutesor less

5 - 10Minutes

10 - 15Minutes

15 - 20Minutes

20 - 25Minutes

25 - 30Minutes

30+Minutes

Pe

rce

nt

On Campus Students

Off Campus Students

Faculty/Staff

Transit

50

Who is Riding Transit?

On-Campus Students

Off-Campus Students

Faculty & Staff

40% 53% 5%

51

Level of Satisfaction with CAT - On-Campus Students

2.662.52

2.42

1.69

2.011.83

2.56

1.87 1.88

2.81

3.53

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

Bus routes

Location of bus stops

Service frequency

Ease of finding bus stops

Driver's attitude andhelpfulnessDisabled access

Safety and security

Music preferences

Heating/air-conditioningsuited to your comfortSeating comfort

Bus stop shelters

1 = Not Satisfied 5 = Very Satisfied

52

Level of Satisfaction with CAT - Off-Campus Students

2.05 2.12 2.13

1.71

1.99

1.76

2.48

2.00 1.99

3.56

2.81

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

Bus routes


Service frequency


Driver's attitude andhelpfulnessDisabled access

Safety and security

Music preferences

Heating/air-conditioningsuited to your comfortSeating comfort

Bus stop shelters


53

Level of Satisfaction with CAT - Faculty and Staff

2.56 2.53 2.54

1.41

2.17

1.92

2.19

1.92

3.13

3.76

3.39

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

Bus routes


Service frequency


Driver's attitude and helpfulness

Disabled access

Safety and security

Music preferences

Heating/air-conditioning suited toyour comfortSeating comfort

Bus stop shelters


54

Residence Proximity to Bus Stop and Propensity to Ride

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Less than ½ mile ½ - 1 mile 1 - 1½ mile Greater than 1½mile

Don't know

1-2 times

3-4 times

5-6 times

More than 6 times

55

Who Doesn't Ride Transit?

60%

47%

95%

On-CampusStudent

Off-CampusStudent

Faculty/Staff

56

Why Do We Not Ride Transit?

“Bus routes do not serve my needs” “Bus schedule does not serve my need” “Service frequencies do not fit my needs” “I need the flexibility to come and go

during the day” “It takes more time to get to campus when

I ride transit”

57

What Would Make Me Ride Transit?

Service to: Central

Wal-Mart Seneca

Apartment complexes

Increase in: Campus connectivity Commuter service after 6:00 PM Late night service Pendleton service hours Anderson stops

Bicycle

59

Preferred Maximum Bike Commute-Time

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%40%

Pe

rce

nt o

f P

eo

ple

Wh

o D

o N

ot

Cu

rre

ntly

Rid

e o

n C

am

pu

s

60

Bike Facilities 915 people regularly bike to and around campus 52% of all respondents requested more bike lanes, 20% are willing to

pay higher student fees for them 48% of all respondents requested covered bike racks, 19% willing to

pay higher student fees for them

December 6, 2005November 17, 2005

61

Reasons Why Bicyclists Avoid Certain Areas of Clemson

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

AggressiveDrivers

Too manypedestrians

Lack of bikelanes

Other

Pe

rce

nt

of

Pe

op

leW

ho

Bik

e o

n C

am

pu

s

62

Barriers to Biking

Hills, 21.1%

Other, 7.8%

Do not have a bike, 83.9%

Too much to carry, 48.2%

Weather, 36.4%

Commute time, 27.3%

Safety (drivers seeing you),

26.7%

Lack of bike facilities, 17.0%

Security (crime), 16.4%

Social perception, 10.2%

Mood/attitude, 9.3%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

Percent

63

A Bike Lane Alternative

Source: (Alta Planning+Design, 2004)

Source: (Alta Planning+Design, 2004)

Source: (Dan Burden, Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center,

2005)

64

How Often Clemson Bikes

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Pe

rce

nt

of

Bic

yclis

ts

Football Travel Patterns

66

Football Survey 946 respondents for the season

±3.2% confidence interval 95% confidence level Student undercount

Paper surveys directed at anyone entering the stadium, aiming to catch all modes, all gates

Collected throughout games, but primarily before kick-off, at half-time and post-game

67

Football Survey

Visibility important with signs/uniforms

Catchy phrases on signs

68

Football Survey ResultsPercent Response by Affiliation

Other11%

Clemson Alumnus49%

Family or Friend19%

Visiting School Alumnus

1%

Visiting School Student

1%

Clemson Student8%Clemson Faculty or

Staff4%

Clemson Area Resident

7%

69

Football Survey ResultsDay of Arrival

1 day before17%

2 days before2%

Game Day80%

4 days before or more

1%

Note: No responses for "3 days before"

70

Percent Mode Choice

Bus or shuttle0.9%

Walk5.6%

Bike0.3%

Boat0.9%

RV1.0%

Automobile91.3%

Football Survey Results

71

Football Survey ResultsModes of Transportation Used by Out-of-Town Visitors

Automobile95.2%

Atlanta Airport0.5%

Charlotte Airport0.8%

Air-General Aviation0.1%

Greenville-Spartanburg Airport

1.0%

Other0.9%

RV1.4%

Note: No responses for "Chartered Bus"

72

Parking: Not just a car issue

Strollers get designated parking, so why don’t bikes?

73

Football Survey Results

Likelihood of Football Respondents Using Commuter Rail

Never20%

Maybe65%

Always7%

Unsure4%

No Response

4%

Alternative Transportation Options

75

How Often Would You Ride Commuter Rail Between Clemson and Greenville?

31% of the Clemson community would use commuter rail every week.

60% of the Clemson community would use commuter rail every

month.

7 days a week, 2%

6 days a week, 0%

5 days a week, 5%

4 days a week, 2%

3 days a week, 6%

2 days a week, 6%

1 day a week, 10%

Twice a month, 19%Once a month, 10%

Rarely, 25%

Never, 15%

76

Would You Support a County Wide Sales Tax To Support Commuter Rail?

On-campusstudent

Off-campusstudent Staff Faculty

Yes 40% 51% 43% 64%

No 22% 20% 26% 17%

Unsure 38% 29% 32% 19%

77

How Much Would You Be Willing To Pay For A Round Trip Rail Ticket Between Clemson and Greenville?

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

$6 $6-8 $8-10 $10-12 More than$12

Not sure

Price

Pe

rce

nt

of

the

Cle

mso

n C

om

mu

nity

.

78

Reasons to Ride Rail to Greenville From Clemson1=Least Likely Trips and 5=Most Likely Trips

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

Other

Entertainment/Dinin

g

To go shopping

To get to work

Recreation

To see friends and family

To get to class

Day trips for work

Sporting events

Medical Care

Ave

rage

Val

ue

79

What Factors Would Most Entice You to Ride Rail from Clemson to Greenville?1=Smallest Influence and 5=Biggest Influence

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

Ticket prices

Train frequency

Park and ride costs

Park and ride availability

Travel tim

e compared to auto

Autom

obile trip costs

Latest train departure time

Train station location near home

Parking congestion at destination

Earliest train arrival tim

e

Storage facilities on train

80

How Regional Commuter Rail Can Help Clemson Become a Top 20 University

Providing convenient access to peripheral academic facilities such as the University Center in Greenville, ICAR, etc.

Concentrating student housing downtown, within easy access to the existing rail station

Creating a stronger campus community in the process

Serving as a possible recruitment tool for top students and faculty who prefer bigger city life with easy rail access to campus

81

Golf Carts??!!!! Mobility: Access across campus improves with easy access to low-speed

transportation. Congestion: More golf carts than autos can park in the same space Convenience: With smaller vehicles, more vehicles can park in existing lots

closer to buildings. Environment: Address regional air quality issues and non-attainment with

emphasis on electric or propane golf carts. Cost:

Students can use a $2000 golf cart (or a $200 bicycle on the same infrastructure) instead of a $20,000 private vehicle.

The University assumes little cost for operating this mode. The University maximizes existing infrastructure, reducing need for costly garages.

Character: Clemson further establishes its name for automotive technology through practical use

of alternative fuel vehicles. A golf-cart campus will help distinguish Clemson as a unique top-twenty university.

Golf carts have a place in this community, but will people use them?

82

"If Clemson provides appropriate parking and right of way, golf carts and similar small personal vehicles can serve as a viable transportation option for the community."

13%

17%

24%12%

25%

9% 14%

22%

25%

6%

26%

7%

19%

14%

27%8%

23%

9% 20%

20%

18%6%

24%

12%

On

-cam

pu

s S

tud

ents

Fac

ult

yS

taff

Off

-cam

pu

s S

tud

ents

33.2% of the campus community sees golf carts as a likely viable transportation option.

83

Which of the following trips would you use a golf cart for if designated lanes existed for golf carts?"

On-campus Student

Off-campusStudent Staff Faculty Overall

On Campus 68.0% 64.8% 73.1% 50.6% 64.3%

Football and Events 49.6% 44.4% 25.2% 11.7% 40.2%

Commuting 29.7% 39.8% 12.8% 21.0% 32.7%

Grocery Shopping 36.4% 22.0% 11.0% 15.7% 24.6%

Entertainment and Dining 32.2% 19.0% 14.6% 13.5% 21.7%

Visiting Friends and Family 19.8% 16.4% 6.6% 7.0% 15.5%

Other Shopping 16.2% 11.1% 9.7% 7.5% 12.0%

Medical Care 17.1% 7.9% 4.8% 6.4% 10.1%

84

"Lanes and paths designated for bicycles, golf carts, and mopeds should exist in the Clemson community."

StronglyDisagree Disagree Neutral Agree

StronglyAgree

NotSure

On campus student 7.5% 15.7% 29.0% 13.8% 28.5% 5.5%

Off campus student 6.9% 15.0% 29.0% 10.1% 35.0% 3.9%

Staff 7.0% 11.4% 27.2% 10.1% 38.2% 6.1%

Faculty 6.4% 7.0% 18.6% 8.1% 52.3% 7.6%

Total 7.0% 13.9% 27.5% 10.9% 35.7% 5.0%

Only 1/5 of the community opposes investing in infrastructure for low-speed local transportation.

46.6% of the Clemson community agrees that we have a need.

Recommendations and Conclusions

86

Themes & Recommendations Clemson needs an integrated, systems

approach to transportation Clemson community is open to new

transportation ideasGolf cartsCommuter railBicycle infrastructureHousing in close proximity to campus

87

Themes & Recommendations Safety and security are common concerns

More research is needed on this topic – the travel diary may be a venue to further explore this issue

Clemson planners should work with police and CAPS to identify and address issues

Regional transportation directly affects University demand and spending Students keep cars on campus but only use them on

breaks Demand and willingness to pay exists for commuter

rail to Greenville

88

Themes & Recommendations Students, faculty and staff show a

willingness to walk to campus if they live within a reasonable distanceClemson University / City of Clemson should

undertake a land use analysis to determine the feasibility of more student and faculty/staff housing within walking distance of campus

Campus and city need infrastructure for alternative modes beside automobile – bicycles, pedestrians, golf carts, etc.

Thank You!

Scott AdamsBen BoylesMark BrownErin ComstockAnne Dunning

CLEMSON UNIVERSITY Travel Patterns 2005 City and Regional Planning Studio Presentation December 7,...

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Transcript of CLEMSON UNIVERSITY Travel Patterns 2005 City and Regional Planning Studio Presentation December 7,...