Ethanol Propane BiodieselNatural Gas

CLEAN CITIES

Alternative Fuel Price Report

January 2016

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2

Welcome to the

January 2016 issueThe Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report is a quarterly report designed to keep Clean Cities coalitions and other interested parties up to date on the prices of alternative and conventional fuels in the United States This issue summarizes prices that were submitted between January 1 2016 and January 15 2016 by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other Clean Cities stakeholders

Whatrsquos New in This IssueThe Surface Transportation and Veterans Health Care Choice Improvement Act of 2015 (HR 3236) was signed into law on July 31 2015 Effective January 1 2016 the law requires that federal excise taxes on liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG or propane) motor fuels be calculated on an energy equivalent basis relative to diesel and gasoline To show consistent measurements throughout the Alternative Fuel Price Report therefore beginning with the January 2016 issue in addition to showing retail at-the-pump sales prices we are including the following additional tables

bull Tables 16a and 16b compare prices for E85 and propane to gasoline on a gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) basis

bull Tables 16c and 16d compare B20 and B99B100 to diesel on a diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) basis

Prices for compressed natural gas are already shown on a gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) and diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) basis in Tables 5 and 6 respectively

We will continue to include tables that show retail at-the-pump sales prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 on a per gallon basis in the sections for each of those fuels (See Tables 7 8 9 and 10)

Looking AheadWe will continue to improve the Alternative Fuel Price Report based on user feedback

bull In a future issue as the number of liquefied natural gas (LNG) prices submitted continues to increase we will include a section on LNG prices relative to diesel

bull We continue to work on creating a system that will allow for additional customizable on-line reports

We look forward to hearing from you as we implement these upgrades

3

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Methodologybull This reportrsquos prices represent retail at-the-pump sales

prices for each fuel including federal and state motor fuel taxes1

bull Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other key stakeholders provide prices for fuels in their areas on a voluntary basis

bull Prices were submitted for all major alternative fuels currently in widespread use ie natural gas propane biodiesel and ethanol

bull Prices were submitted for conventional fuels from stations that also sell alternative fuels or from nearby stations

bull Prices from public and private refueling stations are included2

bull Prices were averaged to determine regional price trends by fuel and variability in fuel price within and among regions3

bull Some states charge a flat annual fee in lieu of collecting motor fuel taxes at the pump usually for large trucks using gaseous fuels like compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG or propane) These flat fees are not included in the prices reported in these pages

bull Consistent with the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) fuel price reporting format prices are grouped by the Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts (PADD) The PADD districts are illustrated in the map below

FIGURE 1  PETROLEUM ADMINSTRATION FOR DEFENSE DISTRICTS (PADD)Source US Energy Information Administration

Number of Data Points Submitted

Region Gasoline Diesel CNG Ethanol Propane B20 B99B100

New England 40 33 28 5 25 11 4

Central Atlantic 87 88 93 97 50 32 2

Lower Atlantic 71 66 62 80 129 22 13

Midwest 234 128 117 226 78 21 0

Gulf Coast 87 71 59 127 126 7 2

Rocky Mountain 104 75 108 63 76 9 1

West Coast 122 138 130 78 125 34 28

TOTAL 745 599 597 676 609 136 50

1 In some cases prices were submitted by government refueling facilities and motor fuel taxes were not included in the prices reported to Clean Cities In these instances the appropriate federal and state motor fuel taxes have been added to the reported prices to provide a more representative basis for comparison 2 Public refueling stations are open to the public while private fueling stations are privately-owned or available only to selected fleets 3Fuel price averages for this report are determined by simply averaging the individual data points received A comparison of average fuel prices for private and for public stations by region can be found on pages 20-21

TABLE 1

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

4

Summary of Current Report Information

National Average Retail Fuel PricesConventional and Alternative Fuels January 2016

Fuel Type4 October 2015

January 2016

Change in PriceOctober-January

Units of Measurement

Gasoline (E10)

$235 $198 -$037 per gallon

Diesel $259 $223 -$036 per gallon

CNG $209 $209 $000 per GGE

Ethanol (E85) $218 $186 -$032 per gallon

Propane $290 $285 -$005 per gallon

Biodiesel (B20) $266 $241 -$025 per gallon

Biodiesel (B99B100)

$340 $321 -$019 per gallon

TABLE 2

Liquid fuels have differing energy contents per gallon so the price paid per unit of energy content can differ somewhat from the price paid per gallon Table 3 shows fuel prices from Table 2 normalized to an energy-equivalent basis

Note that for the alternative fuels prices on an energy-equivalent basis ie $GGE or $DGE are generally higher than the prices per gallon due to their lower energy content5

Propane prices include information from both ldquoprimaryrdquo and ldquosecondaryrdquo stations Primary stations have dedicated vehicle services and tend to be less expensive than secondary stations which mostly serve the propane tank and bottle market

Prices for Table 3 were calculated using the nominal lower heating values in BTUs per gallon of fuel from the Oak Ridge National Laboratoryrsquos Transportation Energy Data Book6

National Average Retail Fuel Prices On An Energy-Equivalent Basis January 2016

Fuel TypePer Gasoline

Gallon Equivalent ($GGE)

Per Diesel Gallon Equivalent

($DGE)

Per Million British Thermal Units ($MBtu)

Gasoline (E10)

$198 $224 $1732

Diesel $199 $223 $1733

CNG $209 $236 $1829

Ethanol (E85)

$242 $273 $2763

Propane $391 $440 $4683

Biodiesel (B20)

$217 $246 $1717

Biodiesel (B99B100)

$315 $353 $2690

Table 2 shows national average retail fuel prices for this report and the previous report Changes in average retail prices from one quarter to another may be due to a number of factors including an actual change in price different sample sizes the inclusion of different locations and seasonal variations in demand

Prices in this report were reported in the units in which they are typically sold for example dollars per gallon of gasoline or dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) of CNG

Consumer interest in alternative fuels generally increases when the alternative fuel price is less than the conventional fuel price on a per gallon basis even if that differential does not directly translate to savings on an energy-equivalent basis

TABLE 3

4 A very small sample (6 points) of hydrogen information was received with an average price of $1393GGE 5 For ethanol flexible-fuel vehicles (FFVs) the actual difference in fuel used per mile is somewhat less than would be calculated simply on the difference in energy content of the fuels Some sources have noted that some FFVs can achieve better energy efficiency (miles per unit of energy) on E85 than on gasoline This effect is not currently included in these calculations as the magnitude of the effect varies by specific FFV model6 httpctaornlgovdata A listing of the conversion factors used appears as an appendix at the end of this report

Includes public and private stationsIncludes primary and secondary stations

Includes public and private stationsIncludes primary and secondary stations

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2

Welcome to the

January 2016 issueThe Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report is a quarterly report designed to keep Clean Cities coalitions and other interested parties up to date on the prices of alternative and conventional fuels in the United States This issue summarizes prices that were submitted between January 1 2016 and January 15 2016 by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other Clean Cities stakeholders

Whatrsquos New in This IssueThe Surface Transportation and Veterans Health Care Choice Improvement Act of 2015 (HR 3236) was signed into law on July 31 2015 Effective January 1 2016 the law requires that federal excise taxes on liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG or propane) motor fuels be calculated on an energy equivalent basis relative to diesel and gasoline To show consistent measurements throughout the Alternative Fuel Price Report therefore beginning with the January 2016 issue in addition to showing retail at-the-pump sales prices we are including the following additional tables

bull Tables 16a and 16b compare prices for E85 and propane to gasoline on a gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) basis

bull Tables 16c and 16d compare B20 and B99B100 to diesel on a diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) basis

Prices for compressed natural gas are already shown on a gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) and diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) basis in Tables 5 and 6 respectively

We will continue to include tables that show retail at-the-pump sales prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 on a per gallon basis in the sections for each of those fuels (See Tables 7 8 9 and 10)

Looking AheadWe will continue to improve the Alternative Fuel Price Report based on user feedback

bull In a future issue as the number of liquefied natural gas (LNG) prices submitted continues to increase we will include a section on LNG prices relative to diesel

bull We continue to work on creating a system that will allow for additional customizable on-line reports

We look forward to hearing from you as we implement these upgrades

3

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Methodologybull This reportrsquos prices represent retail at-the-pump sales

prices for each fuel including federal and state motor fuel taxes1

bull Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other key stakeholders provide prices for fuels in their areas on a voluntary basis

bull Prices were submitted for all major alternative fuels currently in widespread use ie natural gas propane biodiesel and ethanol

bull Prices were submitted for conventional fuels from stations that also sell alternative fuels or from nearby stations

bull Prices from public and private refueling stations are included2

bull Prices were averaged to determine regional price trends by fuel and variability in fuel price within and among regions3

bull Some states charge a flat annual fee in lieu of collecting motor fuel taxes at the pump usually for large trucks using gaseous fuels like compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG or propane) These flat fees are not included in the prices reported in these pages

bull Consistent with the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) fuel price reporting format prices are grouped by the Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts (PADD) The PADD districts are illustrated in the map below

FIGURE 1  PETROLEUM ADMINSTRATION FOR DEFENSE DISTRICTS (PADD)Source US Energy Information Administration

Number of Data Points Submitted

Region Gasoline Diesel CNG Ethanol Propane B20 B99B100

New England 40 33 28 5 25 11 4

Central Atlantic 87 88 93 97 50 32 2

Lower Atlantic 71 66 62 80 129 22 13

Midwest 234 128 117 226 78 21 0

Gulf Coast 87 71 59 127 126 7 2

Rocky Mountain 104 75 108 63 76 9 1

West Coast 122 138 130 78 125 34 28

TOTAL 745 599 597 676 609 136 50

1 In some cases prices were submitted by government refueling facilities and motor fuel taxes were not included in the prices reported to Clean Cities In these instances the appropriate federal and state motor fuel taxes have been added to the reported prices to provide a more representative basis for comparison 2 Public refueling stations are open to the public while private fueling stations are privately-owned or available only to selected fleets 3Fuel price averages for this report are determined by simply averaging the individual data points received A comparison of average fuel prices for private and for public stations by region can be found on pages 20-21

TABLE 1

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

4

Summary of Current Report Information

National Average Retail Fuel PricesConventional and Alternative Fuels January 2016

Fuel Type4 October 2015

January 2016

Change in PriceOctober-January

Units of Measurement

Gasoline (E10)

$235 $198 -$037 per gallon

Diesel $259 $223 -$036 per gallon

CNG $209 $209 $000 per GGE

Ethanol (E85) $218 $186 -$032 per gallon

Propane $290 $285 -$005 per gallon

Biodiesel (B20) $266 $241 -$025 per gallon

Biodiesel (B99B100)

$340 $321 -$019 per gallon

TABLE 2

Liquid fuels have differing energy contents per gallon so the price paid per unit of energy content can differ somewhat from the price paid per gallon Table 3 shows fuel prices from Table 2 normalized to an energy-equivalent basis

Note that for the alternative fuels prices on an energy-equivalent basis ie $GGE or $DGE are generally higher than the prices per gallon due to their lower energy content5

Propane prices include information from both ldquoprimaryrdquo and ldquosecondaryrdquo stations Primary stations have dedicated vehicle services and tend to be less expensive than secondary stations which mostly serve the propane tank and bottle market

Prices for Table 3 were calculated using the nominal lower heating values in BTUs per gallon of fuel from the Oak Ridge National Laboratoryrsquos Transportation Energy Data Book6

National Average Retail Fuel Prices On An Energy-Equivalent Basis January 2016

Fuel TypePer Gasoline

Gallon Equivalent ($GGE)

Per Diesel Gallon Equivalent

($DGE)

Per Million British Thermal Units ($MBtu)

Gasoline (E10)

$198 $224 $1732

Diesel $199 $223 $1733

CNG $209 $236 $1829

Ethanol (E85)

$242 $273 $2763

Propane $391 $440 $4683

Biodiesel (B20)

$217 $246 $1717

Biodiesel (B99B100)

$315 $353 $2690

Table 2 shows national average retail fuel prices for this report and the previous report Changes in average retail prices from one quarter to another may be due to a number of factors including an actual change in price different sample sizes the inclusion of different locations and seasonal variations in demand

Prices in this report were reported in the units in which they are typically sold for example dollars per gallon of gasoline or dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) of CNG

Consumer interest in alternative fuels generally increases when the alternative fuel price is less than the conventional fuel price on a per gallon basis even if that differential does not directly translate to savings on an energy-equivalent basis

TABLE 3

4 A very small sample (6 points) of hydrogen information was received with an average price of $1393GGE 5 For ethanol flexible-fuel vehicles (FFVs) the actual difference in fuel used per mile is somewhat less than would be calculated simply on the difference in energy content of the fuels Some sources have noted that some FFVs can achieve better energy efficiency (miles per unit of energy) on E85 than on gasoline This effect is not currently included in these calculations as the magnitude of the effect varies by specific FFV model6 httpctaornlgovdata A listing of the conversion factors used appears as an appendix at the end of this report

Includes public and private stationsIncludes primary and secondary stations

Includes public and private stationsIncludes primary and secondary stations

3

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Methodologybull This reportrsquos prices represent retail at-the-pump sales

prices for each fuel including federal and state motor fuel taxes1

bull Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other key stakeholders provide prices for fuels in their areas on a voluntary basis

bull Prices were submitted for all major alternative fuels currently in widespread use ie natural gas propane biodiesel and ethanol

bull Prices were submitted for conventional fuels from stations that also sell alternative fuels or from nearby stations

bull Prices from public and private refueling stations are included2

bull Prices were averaged to determine regional price trends by fuel and variability in fuel price within and among regions3

bull Some states charge a flat annual fee in lieu of collecting motor fuel taxes at the pump usually for large trucks using gaseous fuels like compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG or propane) These flat fees are not included in the prices reported in these pages

bull Consistent with the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) fuel price reporting format prices are grouped by the Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts (PADD) The PADD districts are illustrated in the map below

FIGURE 1  PETROLEUM ADMINSTRATION FOR DEFENSE DISTRICTS (PADD)Source US Energy Information Administration

Number of Data Points Submitted

Region Gasoline Diesel CNG Ethanol Propane B20 B99B100

New England 40 33 28 5 25 11 4

Central Atlantic 87 88 93 97 50 32 2

Lower Atlantic 71 66 62 80 129 22 13

Midwest 234 128 117 226 78 21 0

Gulf Coast 87 71 59 127 126 7 2

Rocky Mountain 104 75 108 63 76 9 1

West Coast 122 138 130 78 125 34 28

TOTAL 745 599 597 676 609 136 50

1 In some cases prices were submitted by government refueling facilities and motor fuel taxes were not included in the prices reported to Clean Cities In these instances the appropriate federal and state motor fuel taxes have been added to the reported prices to provide a more representative basis for comparison 2 Public refueling stations are open to the public while private fueling stations are privately-owned or available only to selected fleets 3Fuel price averages for this report are determined by simply averaging the individual data points received A comparison of average fuel prices for private and for public stations by region can be found on pages 20-21

TABLE 1

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

4

Summary of Current Report Information

National Average Retail Fuel PricesConventional and Alternative Fuels January 2016

Fuel Type4 October 2015

January 2016

Change in PriceOctober-January

Units of Measurement

Gasoline (E10)

$235 $198 -$037 per gallon

Diesel $259 $223 -$036 per gallon

CNG $209 $209 $000 per GGE

Ethanol (E85) $218 $186 -$032 per gallon

Propane $290 $285 -$005 per gallon

Biodiesel (B20) $266 $241 -$025 per gallon

Biodiesel (B99B100)

$340 $321 -$019 per gallon

TABLE 2

Liquid fuels have differing energy contents per gallon so the price paid per unit of energy content can differ somewhat from the price paid per gallon Table 3 shows fuel prices from Table 2 normalized to an energy-equivalent basis

Note that for the alternative fuels prices on an energy-equivalent basis ie $GGE or $DGE are generally higher than the prices per gallon due to their lower energy content5

Propane prices include information from both ldquoprimaryrdquo and ldquosecondaryrdquo stations Primary stations have dedicated vehicle services and tend to be less expensive than secondary stations which mostly serve the propane tank and bottle market

Prices for Table 3 were calculated using the nominal lower heating values in BTUs per gallon of fuel from the Oak Ridge National Laboratoryrsquos Transportation Energy Data Book6

National Average Retail Fuel Prices On An Energy-Equivalent Basis January 2016

Fuel TypePer Gasoline

Gallon Equivalent ($GGE)

Per Diesel Gallon Equivalent

($DGE)

Per Million British Thermal Units ($MBtu)

Gasoline (E10)

$198 $224 $1732

Diesel $199 $223 $1733

CNG $209 $236 $1829

Ethanol (E85)

$242 $273 $2763

Propane $391 $440 $4683

Biodiesel (B20)

$217 $246 $1717

Biodiesel (B99B100)

$315 $353 $2690

Table 2 shows national average retail fuel prices for this report and the previous report Changes in average retail prices from one quarter to another may be due to a number of factors including an actual change in price different sample sizes the inclusion of different locations and seasonal variations in demand

Prices in this report were reported in the units in which they are typically sold for example dollars per gallon of gasoline or dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) of CNG

Consumer interest in alternative fuels generally increases when the alternative fuel price is less than the conventional fuel price on a per gallon basis even if that differential does not directly translate to savings on an energy-equivalent basis

TABLE 3

4 A very small sample (6 points) of hydrogen information was received with an average price of $1393GGE 5 For ethanol flexible-fuel vehicles (FFVs) the actual difference in fuel used per mile is somewhat less than would be calculated simply on the difference in energy content of the fuels Some sources have noted that some FFVs can achieve better energy efficiency (miles per unit of energy) on E85 than on gasoline This effect is not currently included in these calculations as the magnitude of the effect varies by specific FFV model6 httpctaornlgovdata A listing of the conversion factors used appears as an appendix at the end of this report

Includes public and private stationsIncludes primary and secondary stations

Includes public and private stationsIncludes primary and secondary stations

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

4

Summary of Current Report Information

National Average Retail Fuel PricesConventional and Alternative Fuels January 2016

Fuel Type4 October 2015

January 2016

Change in PriceOctober-January

Units of Measurement

Gasoline (E10)

$235 $198 -$037 per gallon

Diesel $259 $223 -$036 per gallon

CNG $209 $209 $000 per GGE

Ethanol (E85) $218 $186 -$032 per gallon

Propane $290 $285 -$005 per gallon

Biodiesel (B20) $266 $241 -$025 per gallon

Biodiesel (B99B100)

$340 $321 -$019 per gallon

TABLE 2

Liquid fuels have differing energy contents per gallon so the price paid per unit of energy content can differ somewhat from the price paid per gallon Table 3 shows fuel prices from Table 2 normalized to an energy-equivalent basis

Note that for the alternative fuels prices on an energy-equivalent basis ie $GGE or $DGE are generally higher than the prices per gallon due to their lower energy content5

Propane prices include information from both ldquoprimaryrdquo and ldquosecondaryrdquo stations Primary stations have dedicated vehicle services and tend to be less expensive than secondary stations which mostly serve the propane tank and bottle market

Prices for Table 3 were calculated using the nominal lower heating values in BTUs per gallon of fuel from the Oak Ridge National Laboratoryrsquos Transportation Energy Data Book6

National Average Retail Fuel Prices On An Energy-Equivalent Basis January 2016

Fuel TypePer Gasoline

Gallon Equivalent ($GGE)

Per Diesel Gallon Equivalent

($DGE)

Per Million British Thermal Units ($MBtu)

Gasoline (E10)

$198 $224 $1732

Diesel $199 $223 $1733

CNG $209 $236 $1829

Ethanol (E85)

$242 $273 $2763

Propane $391 $440 $4683

Biodiesel (B20)

$217 $246 $1717

Biodiesel (B99B100)

$315 $353 $2690

Table 2 shows national average retail fuel prices for this report and the previous report Changes in average retail prices from one quarter to another may be due to a number of factors including an actual change in price different sample sizes the inclusion of different locations and seasonal variations in demand

Prices in this report were reported in the units in which they are typically sold for example dollars per gallon of gasoline or dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) of CNG

Consumer interest in alternative fuels generally increases when the alternative fuel price is less than the conventional fuel price on a per gallon basis even if that differential does not directly translate to savings on an energy-equivalent basis

TABLE 3

4 A very small sample (6 points) of hydrogen information was received with an average price of $1393GGE 5 For ethanol flexible-fuel vehicles (FFVs) the actual difference in fuel used per mile is somewhat less than would be calculated simply on the difference in energy content of the fuels Some sources have noted that some FFVs can achieve better energy efficiency (miles per unit of energy) on E85 than on gasoline This effect is not currently included in these calculations as the magnitude of the effect varies by specific FFV model6 httpctaornlgovdata A listing of the conversion factors used appears as an appendix at the end of this report

Includes public and private stationsIncludes primary and secondary stations

Includes public and private stationsIncludes primary and secondary stations

5

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data

Table 4 below shows gasoline and diesel prices submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016 compared to prices from the petroleum information section of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) website for the week of January 4 2016

Clean Cities prices for conventional fuels were obtained from retail stations providing alternative fuel price information or from nearby stations so data collection was not uniform across the regions of the country however the information is representative of refueling stations selling both alternative fuels and conventional fuels

Average Retail Gasoline and Diesel Prices by Region in $gal from Clean Cities and EIA Sources

GASOLINE PRICES DIESEL PRICES

Region Clean Cities EIA Difference Clean Cities EIA Difference

New England $212 $204 $008 $250 $234 $016

Central Atlantic $201 $207 -$006 $227 $239 -$012

Lower Atlantic $193 $193 $000 $219 $214 $005

Midwest $183 $186 -$003 $205 $213 -$008

Gulf Coast $166 $175 -$009 $201 $211 -$010

Rocky Mountain $184 $196 -$012 $205 $219 -$014

West Coast $260 $266 -$006 $255 $246 $009

NATIONAL AVERAGE $198 $203 -$005 $223 $221 $002

EIA = Energy Information AdministrationEIA prices are from the petroleum information section of the EIA website week of January 4 2016 httpwwweiagovdnavpetxlsPET_PRI_GND_A_EPMR_PTE_DPGAL_WxlshttpwwweiagovdnavpetxlsPET_PRI_GND_A_EPD2D_PTE_DPGAL_WxlsNegative numbers represent average Clean Cities prices that are lower than EIA prices

TABLE 4

The EIA data shows weekly average prices from a sample of approximately 800 retail gasoline and 400 retail diesel outlets across the country The EIA data points are weighted to reflect the quantity of fuel being sold at that price

The Clean Cities data is not weighted and represents simple averages of reported prices While there is some variation the EIA average prices match relatively closely with the average prices reported by Clean Cities coordinators

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

6

Compressed Natural Gas (Relative to Gasoline)

CNG prices in Table 5 were obtained from the ldquoprice at the pumprdquo given in $gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) and averaged for each region

As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary CNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate GGE for the actual gas being sold

COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region CNG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $245 $212 $033

Central Atlantic $197 $201 -$004

Lower Atlantic $206 $193 $013

Midwest $195 $183 $012

Gulf Coast $203 $166 $037

Rocky Mountain $191 $184 $007

West Coast $240 $260 -$020

NATIONAL AVERAGE $209 $198 $011

The prices shown in Table 5 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period CNG cost about $011 more than gasoline on a per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for CNG that

are lower than gasoline on a per gasoline gallon equivalent basis

States not highlighted with a color did not have any CNG data points in

the current report

FIGURE 2 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

CNG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

GGE = gasoline gallon equivalentNegative numbers represent average CNG prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

TABLE 5

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

7

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gas

olin

e ga

llon

equi

vale

nt (

$G

GE)

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont

FIGURE 3  HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

CNG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

8

Compressed Natural Gas (Relative to Diesel)7

Table 6 shows the prices from Table 5 converted to $diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) for easy comparison with diesel prices

As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary CNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate GGE for the actual gas being sold

COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region CNG Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $277 $250 $027

Central Atlantic $223 $227 -$004

Lower Atlantic $233 $219 $014

Midwest $221 $205 $016

Gulf Coast $229 $201 $028

Rocky Mountain $216 $205 $011

West Coast $271 $255 $016

NATIONAL AVERAGE $236 $223 $013

The prices shown in Table 6 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period CNG cost about $013 more than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for CNG that are lower

than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any CNG data

points in the current report

FIGURE 4 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) RELATIVE TO DIESEL

CNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average CNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

7 A total of 43 liquefied natural gas (LNG) prices were submitted with an average fuel price of $245DGE Because of the small number of price points this data is not reflected in the report

TABLE 6

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

9

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

Pric

e pe

r die

sel g

allo

n eq

uiva

lent

($

DG

E)

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont

FIGURE 5  HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CNG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

10

Ethanol (E85)

Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol

E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region E85 Prices ($gal)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $251 $212 $039

Central Atlantic $212 $201 $011

Lower Atlantic $192 $193 -$001

Midwest $169 $183 -$014

Gulf Coast $159 $166 -$007

Rocky Mountain $187 $184 $003

West Coast $237 $260 -$023

NATIONAL AVERAGE $186 $198 -$012

The prices shown in Table 7 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $012 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data

points in the current report

FIGURE 6  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

TABLE 7

11

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

EthanolGasoline

Ethanol (E85) cont

FIGURE 7  HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

12

Propane (LPG)

Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses8

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

PROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region LPG Prices ($gal)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $289 $212 $077

Central Atlantic $279 $201 $078

Lower Atlantic $285 $193 $092

Midwest $245 $183 $062

Gulf Coast $304 $166 $138

Rocky Mountain $288 $184 $104

West Coast $294 $260 $034

NATIONAL AVERAGE $285 $198 $087

The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period propane cost about $087 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis

8 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary stations

In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a

color did not have any propane data points in the current report

FIGURE 8  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

TABLE 8

13

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

PropaneGasoline

Propane (LPG) cont

FIGURE 9  HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

LPG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

14

Biodiesel Blends B20

B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region B20 Prices ($gal)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $249 $250 -$001

Central Atlantic $233 $227 $006

Lower Atlantic $228 $219 $009

Midwest $230 $205 $025

Gulf Coast $210 $201 $009

Rocky Mountain $221 $205 $016

West Coast $274 $255 $019

NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $223 $018

The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $018 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report

FIGURE 10  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

Note that B20 prices in many regions track very closely with diesel prices

TABLE 9

15

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

B20Diesel

Biodiesel Blends B20 cont

FIGURE 11  HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

16

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region B99B100 Prices ($gal)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England 235 250 -015

Central Atlantic 430 227 203

Lower Atlantic 312 219 093

Midwest --- 205 ---

Gulf Coast 228 201 027

Rocky Mountain 240 205 035

West Coast 339 255 084

NATIONAL AVERAGE 321 223 098

The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $098 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 10

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

B99B100Diesel

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

18

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the October 2015 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 241 212 -029 -1203

Central Atlantic 220 201 -019 -864

Lower Atlantic 215 193 -022 -1023

Midwest 236 183 -053 -2246

Gulf Coast 197 166 -031 -1574

Rocky Mountain 235 184 -051 -2170

West Coast 276 260 -016 -580

NATIONAL AVERAGE 235 198 -037 -1574

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 272 250 -022 -809

Central Atlantic 273 227 -046 -1685

Lower Atlantic 248 219 -029 -1169

Midwest 247 205 -042 -1700

Gulf Coast 227 201 -026 -1145

Rocky Mountain 246 205 -041 -1667

West Coast 280 255 -025 -893

NATIONAL AVERAGE 259 223 -036 -1390

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 244 245 001 041

Central Atlantic 199 197 -002 -101

Lower Atlantic 207 206 -001 -048

Midwest 203 195 -008 -394

Gulf Coast 204 203 -001 -049

Rocky Mountain 189 191 002 106

West Coast 237 240 003 127

NATIONAL AVERAGE 209 209 000 000

CNG

TABLE 11 a

TABLE 11 b

TABLE 11 c

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 278 251 -027 -971

Central Atlantic 241 212 -029 -1203

Lower Atlantic 207 192 -015 -725

Midwest 211 169 -042 -1991

Gulf Coast 192 159 -033 -1719

Rocky Mountain 220 187 -033 -1500

West Coast 262 237 -025 -954

NATIONAL AVERAGE 218 186 -032 -1468

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 284 289 005 176

Central Atlantic 268 279 011 410

Lower Atlantic 296 285 -011 -372

Midwest 270 245 -025 -926

Gulf Coast 299 304 005 167

Rocky Mountain 291 288 -003 -103

West Coast 296 294 -002 -068

NATIONAL AVERAGE 290 285 -005 -172

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 270 249 -021 -778

Central Atlantic 260 233 -027 -1038

Lower Atlantic 256 228 -028 -1094

Midwest 253 230 -023 -909

Gulf Coast 251 210 -041 -1633

Rocky Mountain 255 221 -034 -1333

West Coast 296 274 -022 -743

NATIONAL AVERAGE 266 241 -025 -940

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 262 235 -027 -1031

Central Atlantic 582 430 -152 -2612

Lower Atlantic 333 312 -021 -631

Midwest 246 --- --- ---

Gulf Coast 249 228 -021 -843

Rocky Mountain 259 240 -019 -734

West Coast 353 339 -014 -397

NATIONAL AVERAGE 340 321 -019 -559

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 11 d

TABLE 11 e

TABLE 11 f

TABLE 11 g

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

20

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3101 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 360 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3461 prices

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $213 $212

Central Atlantic $199 $201

Lower Atlantic $200 $193

Midwest $221 $181

Gulf Coast --- $166

Rocky Mountain $187 $184

West Coast $263 $259

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $196

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $202 $250

Central Atlantic $182 $204

Lower Atlantic $075 $213

Midwest $189 $197

Gulf Coast $177 $206

Rocky Mountain $176 $201

West Coast $207 $244

NATIONAL AVERAGE $182 $216

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $253 $250

Central Atlantic $207 $238

Lower Atlantic $199 $220

Midwest $167 $206

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain $162 $206

West Coast $239 $256

NATIONAL AVERAGE $214 $224

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $251

Central Atlantic $217 $211

Lower Atlantic $231 $192

Midwest $192 $167

Gulf Coast $199 $158

Rocky Mountain $167 $188

West Coast $244 $237

NATIONAL AVERAGE $205 $185

TABLE 12 a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 12 d - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $258 $290

Central Atlantic $134 $320

Lower Atlantic $382 $284

Midwest $161 $249

Gulf Coast $131 $315

Rocky Mountain $243 $289

West Coast $302 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $200 $291

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $214 $270

Central Atlantic $221 $270

Lower Atlantic $204 $232

Midwest $205 $232

Gulf Coast $199 $212

Rocky Mountain --- $221

West Coast $228 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $220 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $235

Central Atlantic $161 $698

Lower Atlantic $350 $289

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $227

Rocky Mountain --- $240

West Coast $341 $339

NATIONAL AVERAGE $326 $320

TABLE 12 e - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 f - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 g - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

22

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2007 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5)

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

B99B100

FIGURE 14  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 15  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

9 httpctaornlgovdata10 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote11 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430012 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today13 See footnote 12 above

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)10 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)11 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 13 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)12 130

Propane 137

TABLE 14 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85) 13 147

Propane 154

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 339 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

24

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (GGE)

Region E85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $326 $212 $114

Central Atlantic $276 $201 $075

Lower Atlantic $250 $193 $057

Midwest $220 $183 $037

Gulf Coast $207 $166 $041

Rocky Mountain $243 $184 $059

West Coast $308 $260 $048

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$242 $198 $044

TABLE 16aPROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES

BY REGION (GGE)

Region LPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $396 $212 $184

Central Atlantic $382 $201 $181

Lower Atlantic $390 $193 $197

Midwest $336 $183 $153

Gulf Coast $416 $166 $250

Rocky Mountain $395 $184 $211

West Coast $403 $260 $143

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$390 $198 $192

TABLE 16b

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $254 $250 $004

Central Atlantic $238 $227 $011

Lower Atlantic $233 $219 $014

Midwest $235 $205 $030

Gulf Coast $214 $201 $013

Rocky Mountain $225 $205 $020

West Coast $279 $255 $024

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$246 $223 $023

TABLE 16c

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B99B100 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $258 $250 $009

Central Atlantic $473 $227 $246

Lower Atlantic $343 $219 $124

Midwest --- $205 ---

Gulf Coast $251 $201 $050

Rocky Mountain $264 $205 $059

West Coast $373 $255 $118

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$353 $223 $130

TABLE 16d

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 and 6)

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afprnwttechcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

• Summary of Current Report Information
• Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
• CNG (Relative to Gasoline)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Gasoline
• CNG (Relative to Diesel)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Diesel
• Ethanol (E85)
• Historical Ethanol Prices vs Gasoline
• Propane (LPG) Relative to Gasoline
• Historical Propane (LPG) Prices vs Gasoline
• Biodiesel Blends B20
• Historical B20 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel Blends B99B100
• Historical B99B100 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel B99B100
• Biodiesel B20
• Propane
• Ethanol (E85)
• CNG
• Diesel
• Gasoline
• Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
• Methodology
• Historical Alternative Fuel Prices from Previous Reports
• Acknowledgements
• Comparison of Prices This Report vs Last Report
• Welcome to the July 2015 issue

7

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gas

olin

e ga

llon

equi

vale

nt (

$G

GE)

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont

FIGURE 3  HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

CNG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

8

Compressed Natural Gas (Relative to Diesel)7

Table 6 shows the prices from Table 5 converted to $diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) for easy comparison with diesel prices

As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary CNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate GGE for the actual gas being sold

COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region CNG Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $277 $250 $027

Central Atlantic $223 $227 -$004

Lower Atlantic $233 $219 $014

Midwest $221 $205 $016

Gulf Coast $229 $201 $028

Rocky Mountain $216 $205 $011

West Coast $271 $255 $016

NATIONAL AVERAGE $236 $223 $013

The prices shown in Table 6 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period CNG cost about $013 more than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for CNG that are lower

than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any CNG data

points in the current report

FIGURE 4 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) RELATIVE TO DIESEL

CNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average CNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

7 A total of 43 liquefied natural gas (LNG) prices were submitted with an average fuel price of $245DGE Because of the small number of price points this data is not reflected in the report

TABLE 6

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

9

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

Pric

e pe

r die

sel g

allo

n eq

uiva

lent

($

DG

E)

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont

FIGURE 5  HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CNG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

10

Ethanol (E85)

Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol

E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region E85 Prices ($gal)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $251 $212 $039

Central Atlantic $212 $201 $011

Lower Atlantic $192 $193 -$001

Midwest $169 $183 -$014

Gulf Coast $159 $166 -$007

Rocky Mountain $187 $184 $003

West Coast $237 $260 -$023

NATIONAL AVERAGE $186 $198 -$012

The prices shown in Table 7 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $012 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data

points in the current report

FIGURE 6  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

TABLE 7

11

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

EthanolGasoline

Ethanol (E85) cont

FIGURE 7  HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

12

Propane (LPG)

Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses8

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

PROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region LPG Prices ($gal)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $289 $212 $077

Central Atlantic $279 $201 $078

Lower Atlantic $285 $193 $092

Midwest $245 $183 $062

Gulf Coast $304 $166 $138

Rocky Mountain $288 $184 $104

West Coast $294 $260 $034

NATIONAL AVERAGE $285 $198 $087

The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period propane cost about $087 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis

8 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary stations

In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a

color did not have any propane data points in the current report

FIGURE 8  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

TABLE 8

13

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

PropaneGasoline

Propane (LPG) cont

FIGURE 9  HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

LPG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

14

Biodiesel Blends B20

B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region B20 Prices ($gal)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $249 $250 -$001

Central Atlantic $233 $227 $006

Lower Atlantic $228 $219 $009

Midwest $230 $205 $025

Gulf Coast $210 $201 $009

Rocky Mountain $221 $205 $016

West Coast $274 $255 $019

NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $223 $018

The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $018 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report

FIGURE 10  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

Note that B20 prices in many regions track very closely with diesel prices

TABLE 9

15

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

B20Diesel

Biodiesel Blends B20 cont

FIGURE 11  HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

16

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region B99B100 Prices ($gal)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England 235 250 -015

Central Atlantic 430 227 203

Lower Atlantic 312 219 093

Midwest --- 205 ---

Gulf Coast 228 201 027

Rocky Mountain 240 205 035

West Coast 339 255 084

NATIONAL AVERAGE 321 223 098

The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $098 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 10

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

B99B100Diesel

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

18

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the October 2015 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 241 212 -029 -1203

Central Atlantic 220 201 -019 -864

Lower Atlantic 215 193 -022 -1023

Midwest 236 183 -053 -2246

Gulf Coast 197 166 -031 -1574

Rocky Mountain 235 184 -051 -2170

West Coast 276 260 -016 -580

NATIONAL AVERAGE 235 198 -037 -1574

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 272 250 -022 -809

Central Atlantic 273 227 -046 -1685

Lower Atlantic 248 219 -029 -1169

Midwest 247 205 -042 -1700

Gulf Coast 227 201 -026 -1145

Rocky Mountain 246 205 -041 -1667

West Coast 280 255 -025 -893

NATIONAL AVERAGE 259 223 -036 -1390

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 244 245 001 041

Central Atlantic 199 197 -002 -101

Lower Atlantic 207 206 -001 -048

Midwest 203 195 -008 -394

Gulf Coast 204 203 -001 -049

Rocky Mountain 189 191 002 106

West Coast 237 240 003 127

NATIONAL AVERAGE 209 209 000 000

CNG

TABLE 11 a

TABLE 11 b

TABLE 11 c

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 278 251 -027 -971

Central Atlantic 241 212 -029 -1203

Lower Atlantic 207 192 -015 -725

Midwest 211 169 -042 -1991

Gulf Coast 192 159 -033 -1719

Rocky Mountain 220 187 -033 -1500

West Coast 262 237 -025 -954

NATIONAL AVERAGE 218 186 -032 -1468

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 284 289 005 176

Central Atlantic 268 279 011 410

Lower Atlantic 296 285 -011 -372

Midwest 270 245 -025 -926

Gulf Coast 299 304 005 167

Rocky Mountain 291 288 -003 -103

West Coast 296 294 -002 -068

NATIONAL AVERAGE 290 285 -005 -172

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 270 249 -021 -778

Central Atlantic 260 233 -027 -1038

Lower Atlantic 256 228 -028 -1094

Midwest 253 230 -023 -909

Gulf Coast 251 210 -041 -1633

Rocky Mountain 255 221 -034 -1333

West Coast 296 274 -022 -743

NATIONAL AVERAGE 266 241 -025 -940

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 262 235 -027 -1031

Central Atlantic 582 430 -152 -2612

Lower Atlantic 333 312 -021 -631

Midwest 246 --- --- ---

Gulf Coast 249 228 -021 -843

Rocky Mountain 259 240 -019 -734

West Coast 353 339 -014 -397

NATIONAL AVERAGE 340 321 -019 -559

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 11 d

TABLE 11 e

TABLE 11 f

TABLE 11 g

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

20

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3101 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 360 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3461 prices

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $213 $212

Central Atlantic $199 $201

Lower Atlantic $200 $193

Midwest $221 $181

Gulf Coast --- $166

Rocky Mountain $187 $184

West Coast $263 $259

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $196

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $202 $250

Central Atlantic $182 $204

Lower Atlantic $075 $213

Midwest $189 $197

Gulf Coast $177 $206

Rocky Mountain $176 $201

West Coast $207 $244

NATIONAL AVERAGE $182 $216

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $253 $250

Central Atlantic $207 $238

Lower Atlantic $199 $220

Midwest $167 $206

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain $162 $206

West Coast $239 $256

NATIONAL AVERAGE $214 $224

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $251

Central Atlantic $217 $211

Lower Atlantic $231 $192

Midwest $192 $167

Gulf Coast $199 $158

Rocky Mountain $167 $188

West Coast $244 $237

NATIONAL AVERAGE $205 $185

TABLE 12 a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 12 d - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $258 $290

Central Atlantic $134 $320

Lower Atlantic $382 $284

Midwest $161 $249

Gulf Coast $131 $315

Rocky Mountain $243 $289

West Coast $302 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $200 $291

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $214 $270

Central Atlantic $221 $270

Lower Atlantic $204 $232

Midwest $205 $232

Gulf Coast $199 $212

Rocky Mountain --- $221

West Coast $228 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $220 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $235

Central Atlantic $161 $698

Lower Atlantic $350 $289

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $227

Rocky Mountain --- $240

West Coast $341 $339

NATIONAL AVERAGE $326 $320

TABLE 12 e - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 f - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 g - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

22

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2007 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5)

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

B99B100

FIGURE 14  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 15  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

9 httpctaornlgovdata10 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote11 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430012 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today13 See footnote 12 above

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)10 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)11 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 13 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)12 130

Propane 137

TABLE 14 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85) 13 147

Propane 154

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 339 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

24

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (GGE)

Region E85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $326 $212 $114

Central Atlantic $276 $201 $075

Lower Atlantic $250 $193 $057

Midwest $220 $183 $037

Gulf Coast $207 $166 $041

Rocky Mountain $243 $184 $059

West Coast $308 $260 $048

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$242 $198 $044

TABLE 16aPROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES

BY REGION (GGE)

Region LPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $396 $212 $184

Central Atlantic $382 $201 $181

Lower Atlantic $390 $193 $197

Midwest $336 $183 $153

Gulf Coast $416 $166 $250

Rocky Mountain $395 $184 $211

West Coast $403 $260 $143

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$390 $198 $192

TABLE 16b

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $254 $250 $004

Central Atlantic $238 $227 $011

Lower Atlantic $233 $219 $014

Midwest $235 $205 $030

Gulf Coast $214 $201 $013

Rocky Mountain $225 $205 $020

West Coast $279 $255 $024

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$246 $223 $023

TABLE 16c

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B99B100 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $258 $250 $009

Central Atlantic $473 $227 $246

Lower Atlantic $343 $219 $124

Midwest --- $205 ---

Gulf Coast $251 $201 $050

Rocky Mountain $264 $205 $059

West Coast $373 $255 $118

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$353 $223 $130

TABLE 16d

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 and 6)

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afprnwttechcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

• Summary of Current Report Information
• Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
• CNG (Relative to Gasoline)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Gasoline
• CNG (Relative to Diesel)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Diesel
• Ethanol (E85)
• Historical Ethanol Prices vs Gasoline
• Propane (LPG) Relative to Gasoline
• Historical Propane (LPG) Prices vs Gasoline
• Biodiesel Blends B20
• Historical B20 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel Blends B99B100
• Historical B99B100 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel B99B100
• Biodiesel B20
• Propane
• Ethanol (E85)
• CNG
• Diesel
• Gasoline
• Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
• Methodology
• Historical Alternative Fuel Prices from Previous Reports
• Acknowledgements
• Comparison of Prices This Report vs Last Report
• Welcome to the July 2015 issue

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

8

Compressed Natural Gas (Relative to Diesel)7

Table 6 shows the prices from Table 5 converted to $diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) for easy comparison with diesel prices

As with other fuels the energy content of natural gas can vary CNG dispensers are calibrated for local gas compositions and dispense an accurate GGE for the actual gas being sold

COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region CNG Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $277 $250 $027

Central Atlantic $223 $227 -$004

Lower Atlantic $233 $219 $014

Midwest $221 $205 $016

Gulf Coast $229 $201 $028

Rocky Mountain $216 $205 $011

West Coast $271 $255 $016

NATIONAL AVERAGE $236 $223 $013

The prices shown in Table 6 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period CNG cost about $013 more than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for CNG that are lower

than diesel on a per diesel gallon equivalent basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any CNG data

points in the current report

FIGURE 4 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) RELATIVE TO DIESEL

CNG Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

DGE = diesel gallon equivalent Negative numbers represent average CNG prices that are lower than diesel on a $DGE basis

7 A total of 43 liquefied natural gas (LNG) prices were submitted with an average fuel price of $245DGE Because of the small number of price points this data is not reflected in the report

TABLE 6

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

9

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

Pric

e pe

r die

sel g

allo

n eq

uiva

lent

($

DG

E)

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont

FIGURE 5  HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CNG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

10

Ethanol (E85)

Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol

E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region E85 Prices ($gal)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $251 $212 $039

Central Atlantic $212 $201 $011

Lower Atlantic $192 $193 -$001

Midwest $169 $183 -$014

Gulf Coast $159 $166 -$007

Rocky Mountain $187 $184 $003

West Coast $237 $260 -$023

NATIONAL AVERAGE $186 $198 -$012

The prices shown in Table 7 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $012 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data

points in the current report

FIGURE 6  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

TABLE 7

11

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

EthanolGasoline

Ethanol (E85) cont

FIGURE 7  HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

12

Propane (LPG)

Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses8

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

PROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region LPG Prices ($gal)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $289 $212 $077

Central Atlantic $279 $201 $078

Lower Atlantic $285 $193 $092

Midwest $245 $183 $062

Gulf Coast $304 $166 $138

Rocky Mountain $288 $184 $104

West Coast $294 $260 $034

NATIONAL AVERAGE $285 $198 $087

The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period propane cost about $087 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis

8 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary stations

In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a

color did not have any propane data points in the current report

FIGURE 8  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

TABLE 8

13

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

PropaneGasoline

Propane (LPG) cont

FIGURE 9  HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

LPG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

14

Biodiesel Blends B20

B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region B20 Prices ($gal)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $249 $250 -$001

Central Atlantic $233 $227 $006

Lower Atlantic $228 $219 $009

Midwest $230 $205 $025

Gulf Coast $210 $201 $009

Rocky Mountain $221 $205 $016

West Coast $274 $255 $019

NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $223 $018

The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $018 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report

FIGURE 10  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

Note that B20 prices in many regions track very closely with diesel prices

TABLE 9

15

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

B20Diesel

Biodiesel Blends B20 cont

FIGURE 11  HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

16

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region B99B100 Prices ($gal)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England 235 250 -015

Central Atlantic 430 227 203

Lower Atlantic 312 219 093

Midwest --- 205 ---

Gulf Coast 228 201 027

Rocky Mountain 240 205 035

West Coast 339 255 084

NATIONAL AVERAGE 321 223 098

The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $098 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 10

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

B99B100Diesel

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

18

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the October 2015 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 241 212 -029 -1203

Central Atlantic 220 201 -019 -864

Lower Atlantic 215 193 -022 -1023

Midwest 236 183 -053 -2246

Gulf Coast 197 166 -031 -1574

Rocky Mountain 235 184 -051 -2170

West Coast 276 260 -016 -580

NATIONAL AVERAGE 235 198 -037 -1574

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 272 250 -022 -809

Central Atlantic 273 227 -046 -1685

Lower Atlantic 248 219 -029 -1169

Midwest 247 205 -042 -1700

Gulf Coast 227 201 -026 -1145

Rocky Mountain 246 205 -041 -1667

West Coast 280 255 -025 -893

NATIONAL AVERAGE 259 223 -036 -1390

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 244 245 001 041

Central Atlantic 199 197 -002 -101

Lower Atlantic 207 206 -001 -048

Midwest 203 195 -008 -394

Gulf Coast 204 203 -001 -049

Rocky Mountain 189 191 002 106

West Coast 237 240 003 127

NATIONAL AVERAGE 209 209 000 000

CNG

TABLE 11 a

TABLE 11 b

TABLE 11 c

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 278 251 -027 -971

Central Atlantic 241 212 -029 -1203

Lower Atlantic 207 192 -015 -725

Midwest 211 169 -042 -1991

Gulf Coast 192 159 -033 -1719

Rocky Mountain 220 187 -033 -1500

West Coast 262 237 -025 -954

NATIONAL AVERAGE 218 186 -032 -1468

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 284 289 005 176

Central Atlantic 268 279 011 410

Lower Atlantic 296 285 -011 -372

Midwest 270 245 -025 -926

Gulf Coast 299 304 005 167

Rocky Mountain 291 288 -003 -103

West Coast 296 294 -002 -068

NATIONAL AVERAGE 290 285 -005 -172

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 270 249 -021 -778

Central Atlantic 260 233 -027 -1038

Lower Atlantic 256 228 -028 -1094

Midwest 253 230 -023 -909

Gulf Coast 251 210 -041 -1633

Rocky Mountain 255 221 -034 -1333

West Coast 296 274 -022 -743

NATIONAL AVERAGE 266 241 -025 -940

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 262 235 -027 -1031

Central Atlantic 582 430 -152 -2612

Lower Atlantic 333 312 -021 -631

Midwest 246 --- --- ---

Gulf Coast 249 228 -021 -843

Rocky Mountain 259 240 -019 -734

West Coast 353 339 -014 -397

NATIONAL AVERAGE 340 321 -019 -559

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 11 d

TABLE 11 e

TABLE 11 f

TABLE 11 g

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

20

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3101 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 360 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3461 prices

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $213 $212

Central Atlantic $199 $201

Lower Atlantic $200 $193

Midwest $221 $181

Gulf Coast --- $166

Rocky Mountain $187 $184

West Coast $263 $259

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $196

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $202 $250

Central Atlantic $182 $204

Lower Atlantic $075 $213

Midwest $189 $197

Gulf Coast $177 $206

Rocky Mountain $176 $201

West Coast $207 $244

NATIONAL AVERAGE $182 $216

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $253 $250

Central Atlantic $207 $238

Lower Atlantic $199 $220

Midwest $167 $206

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain $162 $206

West Coast $239 $256

NATIONAL AVERAGE $214 $224

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $251

Central Atlantic $217 $211

Lower Atlantic $231 $192

Midwest $192 $167

Gulf Coast $199 $158

Rocky Mountain $167 $188

West Coast $244 $237

NATIONAL AVERAGE $205 $185

TABLE 12 a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 12 d - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $258 $290

Central Atlantic $134 $320

Lower Atlantic $382 $284

Midwest $161 $249

Gulf Coast $131 $315

Rocky Mountain $243 $289

West Coast $302 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $200 $291

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $214 $270

Central Atlantic $221 $270

Lower Atlantic $204 $232

Midwest $205 $232

Gulf Coast $199 $212

Rocky Mountain --- $221

West Coast $228 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $220 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $235

Central Atlantic $161 $698

Lower Atlantic $350 $289

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $227

Rocky Mountain --- $240

West Coast $341 $339

NATIONAL AVERAGE $326 $320

TABLE 12 e - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 f - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 g - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

22

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2007 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5)

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

B99B100

FIGURE 14  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 15  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

9 httpctaornlgovdata10 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote11 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430012 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today13 See footnote 12 above

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)10 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)11 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 13 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)12 130

Propane 137

TABLE 14 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85) 13 147

Propane 154

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 339 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

24

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (GGE)

Region E85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $326 $212 $114

Central Atlantic $276 $201 $075

Lower Atlantic $250 $193 $057

Midwest $220 $183 $037

Gulf Coast $207 $166 $041

Rocky Mountain $243 $184 $059

West Coast $308 $260 $048

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$242 $198 $044

TABLE 16aPROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES

BY REGION (GGE)

Region LPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $396 $212 $184

Central Atlantic $382 $201 $181

Lower Atlantic $390 $193 $197

Midwest $336 $183 $153

Gulf Coast $416 $166 $250

Rocky Mountain $395 $184 $211

West Coast $403 $260 $143

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$390 $198 $192

TABLE 16b

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $254 $250 $004

Central Atlantic $238 $227 $011

Lower Atlantic $233 $219 $014

Midwest $235 $205 $030

Gulf Coast $214 $201 $013

Rocky Mountain $225 $205 $020

West Coast $279 $255 $024

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$246 $223 $023

TABLE 16c

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B99B100 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $258 $250 $009

Central Atlantic $473 $227 $246

Lower Atlantic $343 $219 $124

Midwest --- $205 ---

Gulf Coast $251 $201 $050

Rocky Mountain $264 $205 $059

West Coast $373 $255 $118

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$353 $223 $130

TABLE 16d

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 and 6)

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afprnwttechcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

• Summary of Current Report Information
• Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
• CNG (Relative to Gasoline)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Gasoline
• CNG (Relative to Diesel)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Diesel
• Ethanol (E85)
• Historical Ethanol Prices vs Gasoline
• Propane (LPG) Relative to Gasoline
• Historical Propane (LPG) Prices vs Gasoline
• Biodiesel Blends B20
• Historical B20 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel Blends B99B100
• Historical B99B100 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel B99B100
• Biodiesel B20
• Propane
• Ethanol (E85)
• CNG
• Diesel
• Gasoline
• Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
• Methodology
• Historical Alternative Fuel Prices from Previous Reports
• Acknowledgements
• Comparison of Prices This Report vs Last Report
• Welcome to the July 2015 issue

9

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

Pric

e pe

r die

sel g

allo

n eq

uiva

lent

($

DG

E)

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) cont

FIGURE 5  HISTORICAL COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CNG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

10

Ethanol (E85)

Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol

E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region E85 Prices ($gal)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $251 $212 $039

Central Atlantic $212 $201 $011

Lower Atlantic $192 $193 -$001

Midwest $169 $183 -$014

Gulf Coast $159 $166 -$007

Rocky Mountain $187 $184 $003

West Coast $237 $260 -$023

NATIONAL AVERAGE $186 $198 -$012

The prices shown in Table 7 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $012 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data

points in the current report

FIGURE 6  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

TABLE 7

11

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

EthanolGasoline

Ethanol (E85) cont

FIGURE 7  HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

12

Propane (LPG)

Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses8

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

PROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region LPG Prices ($gal)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $289 $212 $077

Central Atlantic $279 $201 $078

Lower Atlantic $285 $193 $092

Midwest $245 $183 $062

Gulf Coast $304 $166 $138

Rocky Mountain $288 $184 $104

West Coast $294 $260 $034

NATIONAL AVERAGE $285 $198 $087

The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period propane cost about $087 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis

8 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary stations

In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a

color did not have any propane data points in the current report

FIGURE 8  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

TABLE 8

13

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

PropaneGasoline

Propane (LPG) cont

FIGURE 9  HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

LPG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

14

Biodiesel Blends B20

B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region B20 Prices ($gal)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $249 $250 -$001

Central Atlantic $233 $227 $006

Lower Atlantic $228 $219 $009

Midwest $230 $205 $025

Gulf Coast $210 $201 $009

Rocky Mountain $221 $205 $016

West Coast $274 $255 $019

NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $223 $018

The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $018 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report

FIGURE 10  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

Note that B20 prices in many regions track very closely with diesel prices

TABLE 9

15

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

B20Diesel

Biodiesel Blends B20 cont

FIGURE 11  HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

16

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region B99B100 Prices ($gal)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England 235 250 -015

Central Atlantic 430 227 203

Lower Atlantic 312 219 093

Midwest --- 205 ---

Gulf Coast 228 201 027

Rocky Mountain 240 205 035

West Coast 339 255 084

NATIONAL AVERAGE 321 223 098

The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $098 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 10

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

B99B100Diesel

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

18

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the October 2015 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 241 212 -029 -1203

Central Atlantic 220 201 -019 -864

Lower Atlantic 215 193 -022 -1023

Midwest 236 183 -053 -2246

Gulf Coast 197 166 -031 -1574

Rocky Mountain 235 184 -051 -2170

West Coast 276 260 -016 -580

NATIONAL AVERAGE 235 198 -037 -1574

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 272 250 -022 -809

Central Atlantic 273 227 -046 -1685

Lower Atlantic 248 219 -029 -1169

Midwest 247 205 -042 -1700

Gulf Coast 227 201 -026 -1145

Rocky Mountain 246 205 -041 -1667

West Coast 280 255 -025 -893

NATIONAL AVERAGE 259 223 -036 -1390

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 244 245 001 041

Central Atlantic 199 197 -002 -101

Lower Atlantic 207 206 -001 -048

Midwest 203 195 -008 -394

Gulf Coast 204 203 -001 -049

Rocky Mountain 189 191 002 106

West Coast 237 240 003 127

NATIONAL AVERAGE 209 209 000 000

CNG

TABLE 11 a

TABLE 11 b

TABLE 11 c

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 278 251 -027 -971

Central Atlantic 241 212 -029 -1203

Lower Atlantic 207 192 -015 -725

Midwest 211 169 -042 -1991

Gulf Coast 192 159 -033 -1719

Rocky Mountain 220 187 -033 -1500

West Coast 262 237 -025 -954

NATIONAL AVERAGE 218 186 -032 -1468

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 284 289 005 176

Central Atlantic 268 279 011 410

Lower Atlantic 296 285 -011 -372

Midwest 270 245 -025 -926

Gulf Coast 299 304 005 167

Rocky Mountain 291 288 -003 -103

West Coast 296 294 -002 -068

NATIONAL AVERAGE 290 285 -005 -172

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 270 249 -021 -778

Central Atlantic 260 233 -027 -1038

Lower Atlantic 256 228 -028 -1094

Midwest 253 230 -023 -909

Gulf Coast 251 210 -041 -1633

Rocky Mountain 255 221 -034 -1333

West Coast 296 274 -022 -743

NATIONAL AVERAGE 266 241 -025 -940

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 262 235 -027 -1031

Central Atlantic 582 430 -152 -2612

Lower Atlantic 333 312 -021 -631

Midwest 246 --- --- ---

Gulf Coast 249 228 -021 -843

Rocky Mountain 259 240 -019 -734

West Coast 353 339 -014 -397

NATIONAL AVERAGE 340 321 -019 -559

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 11 d

TABLE 11 e

TABLE 11 f

TABLE 11 g

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

20

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3101 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 360 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3461 prices

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $213 $212

Central Atlantic $199 $201

Lower Atlantic $200 $193

Midwest $221 $181

Gulf Coast --- $166

Rocky Mountain $187 $184

West Coast $263 $259

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $196

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $202 $250

Central Atlantic $182 $204

Lower Atlantic $075 $213

Midwest $189 $197

Gulf Coast $177 $206

Rocky Mountain $176 $201

West Coast $207 $244

NATIONAL AVERAGE $182 $216

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $253 $250

Central Atlantic $207 $238

Lower Atlantic $199 $220

Midwest $167 $206

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain $162 $206

West Coast $239 $256

NATIONAL AVERAGE $214 $224

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $251

Central Atlantic $217 $211

Lower Atlantic $231 $192

Midwest $192 $167

Gulf Coast $199 $158

Rocky Mountain $167 $188

West Coast $244 $237

NATIONAL AVERAGE $205 $185

TABLE 12 a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 12 d - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $258 $290

Central Atlantic $134 $320

Lower Atlantic $382 $284

Midwest $161 $249

Gulf Coast $131 $315

Rocky Mountain $243 $289

West Coast $302 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $200 $291

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $214 $270

Central Atlantic $221 $270

Lower Atlantic $204 $232

Midwest $205 $232

Gulf Coast $199 $212

Rocky Mountain --- $221

West Coast $228 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $220 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $235

Central Atlantic $161 $698

Lower Atlantic $350 $289

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $227

Rocky Mountain --- $240

West Coast $341 $339

NATIONAL AVERAGE $326 $320

TABLE 12 e - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 f - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 g - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

22

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2007 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5)

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

B99B100

FIGURE 14  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 15  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

9 httpctaornlgovdata10 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote11 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430012 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today13 See footnote 12 above

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)10 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)11 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 13 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)12 130

Propane 137

TABLE 14 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85) 13 147

Propane 154

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 339 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

24

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (GGE)

Region E85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $326 $212 $114

Central Atlantic $276 $201 $075

Lower Atlantic $250 $193 $057

Midwest $220 $183 $037

Gulf Coast $207 $166 $041

Rocky Mountain $243 $184 $059

West Coast $308 $260 $048

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$242 $198 $044

TABLE 16aPROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES

BY REGION (GGE)

Region LPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $396 $212 $184

Central Atlantic $382 $201 $181

Lower Atlantic $390 $193 $197

Midwest $336 $183 $153

Gulf Coast $416 $166 $250

Rocky Mountain $395 $184 $211

West Coast $403 $260 $143

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$390 $198 $192

TABLE 16b

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $254 $250 $004

Central Atlantic $238 $227 $011

Lower Atlantic $233 $219 $014

Midwest $235 $205 $030

Gulf Coast $214 $201 $013

Rocky Mountain $225 $205 $020

West Coast $279 $255 $024

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$246 $223 $023

TABLE 16c

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B99B100 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $258 $250 $009

Central Atlantic $473 $227 $246

Lower Atlantic $343 $219 $124

Midwest --- $205 ---

Gulf Coast $251 $201 $050

Rocky Mountain $264 $205 $059

West Coast $373 $255 $118

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$353 $223 $130

TABLE 16d

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 and 6)

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afprnwttechcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

• Summary of Current Report Information
• Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
• CNG (Relative to Gasoline)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Gasoline
• CNG (Relative to Diesel)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Diesel
• Ethanol (E85)
• Historical Ethanol Prices vs Gasoline
• Propane (LPG) Relative to Gasoline
• Historical Propane (LPG) Prices vs Gasoline
• Biodiesel Blends B20
• Historical B20 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel Blends B99B100
• Historical B99B100 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel B99B100
• Biodiesel B20
• Propane
• Ethanol (E85)
• CNG
• Diesel
• Gasoline
• Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
• Methodology
• Historical Alternative Fuel Prices from Previous Reports
• Acknowledgements
• Comparison of Prices This Report vs Last Report
• Welcome to the July 2015 issue

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

10

Ethanol (E85)

Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol

E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as (70)(E100 energy content) + (30)(E0 energy content) to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region E85 Prices ($gal)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $251 $212 $039

Central Atlantic $212 $201 $011

Lower Atlantic $192 $193 -$001

Midwest $169 $183 -$014

Gulf Coast $159 $166 -$007

Rocky Mountain $187 $184 $003

West Coast $237 $260 -$023

NATIONAL AVERAGE $186 $198 -$012

The prices shown in Table 7 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period E85 cost about $012 less than gasoline on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for E85 that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a color did not have any E85 data

points in the current report

FIGURE 6  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR E85 RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

E85 Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

TABLE 7

11

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

EthanolGasoline

Ethanol (E85) cont

FIGURE 7  HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

12

Propane (LPG)

Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses8

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

PROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region LPG Prices ($gal)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $289 $212 $077

Central Atlantic $279 $201 $078

Lower Atlantic $285 $193 $092

Midwest $245 $183 $062

Gulf Coast $304 $166 $138

Rocky Mountain $288 $184 $104

West Coast $294 $260 $034

NATIONAL AVERAGE $285 $198 $087

The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period propane cost about $087 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis

8 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary stations

In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a

color did not have any propane data points in the current report

FIGURE 8  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

TABLE 8

13

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

PropaneGasoline

Propane (LPG) cont

FIGURE 9  HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

LPG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

14

Biodiesel Blends B20

B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region B20 Prices ($gal)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $249 $250 -$001

Central Atlantic $233 $227 $006

Lower Atlantic $228 $219 $009

Midwest $230 $205 $025

Gulf Coast $210 $201 $009

Rocky Mountain $221 $205 $016

West Coast $274 $255 $019

NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $223 $018

The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $018 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report

FIGURE 10  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

Note that B20 prices in many regions track very closely with diesel prices

TABLE 9

15

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

B20Diesel

Biodiesel Blends B20 cont

FIGURE 11  HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

16

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region B99B100 Prices ($gal)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England 235 250 -015

Central Atlantic 430 227 203

Lower Atlantic 312 219 093

Midwest --- 205 ---

Gulf Coast 228 201 027

Rocky Mountain 240 205 035

West Coast 339 255 084

NATIONAL AVERAGE 321 223 098

The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $098 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 10

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

B99B100Diesel

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

18

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the October 2015 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 241 212 -029 -1203

Central Atlantic 220 201 -019 -864

Lower Atlantic 215 193 -022 -1023

Midwest 236 183 -053 -2246

Gulf Coast 197 166 -031 -1574

Rocky Mountain 235 184 -051 -2170

West Coast 276 260 -016 -580

NATIONAL AVERAGE 235 198 -037 -1574

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 272 250 -022 -809

Central Atlantic 273 227 -046 -1685

Lower Atlantic 248 219 -029 -1169

Midwest 247 205 -042 -1700

Gulf Coast 227 201 -026 -1145

Rocky Mountain 246 205 -041 -1667

West Coast 280 255 -025 -893

NATIONAL AVERAGE 259 223 -036 -1390

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 244 245 001 041

Central Atlantic 199 197 -002 -101

Lower Atlantic 207 206 -001 -048

Midwest 203 195 -008 -394

Gulf Coast 204 203 -001 -049

Rocky Mountain 189 191 002 106

West Coast 237 240 003 127

NATIONAL AVERAGE 209 209 000 000

CNG

TABLE 11 a

TABLE 11 b

TABLE 11 c

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 278 251 -027 -971

Central Atlantic 241 212 -029 -1203

Lower Atlantic 207 192 -015 -725

Midwest 211 169 -042 -1991

Gulf Coast 192 159 -033 -1719

Rocky Mountain 220 187 -033 -1500

West Coast 262 237 -025 -954

NATIONAL AVERAGE 218 186 -032 -1468

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 284 289 005 176

Central Atlantic 268 279 011 410

Lower Atlantic 296 285 -011 -372

Midwest 270 245 -025 -926

Gulf Coast 299 304 005 167

Rocky Mountain 291 288 -003 -103

West Coast 296 294 -002 -068

NATIONAL AVERAGE 290 285 -005 -172

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 270 249 -021 -778

Central Atlantic 260 233 -027 -1038

Lower Atlantic 256 228 -028 -1094

Midwest 253 230 -023 -909

Gulf Coast 251 210 -041 -1633

Rocky Mountain 255 221 -034 -1333

West Coast 296 274 -022 -743

NATIONAL AVERAGE 266 241 -025 -940

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 262 235 -027 -1031

Central Atlantic 582 430 -152 -2612

Lower Atlantic 333 312 -021 -631

Midwest 246 --- --- ---

Gulf Coast 249 228 -021 -843

Rocky Mountain 259 240 -019 -734

West Coast 353 339 -014 -397

NATIONAL AVERAGE 340 321 -019 -559

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 11 d

TABLE 11 e

TABLE 11 f

TABLE 11 g

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

20

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3101 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 360 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3461 prices

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $213 $212

Central Atlantic $199 $201

Lower Atlantic $200 $193

Midwest $221 $181

Gulf Coast --- $166

Rocky Mountain $187 $184

West Coast $263 $259

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $196

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $202 $250

Central Atlantic $182 $204

Lower Atlantic $075 $213

Midwest $189 $197

Gulf Coast $177 $206

Rocky Mountain $176 $201

West Coast $207 $244

NATIONAL AVERAGE $182 $216

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $253 $250

Central Atlantic $207 $238

Lower Atlantic $199 $220

Midwest $167 $206

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain $162 $206

West Coast $239 $256

NATIONAL AVERAGE $214 $224

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $251

Central Atlantic $217 $211

Lower Atlantic $231 $192

Midwest $192 $167

Gulf Coast $199 $158

Rocky Mountain $167 $188

West Coast $244 $237

NATIONAL AVERAGE $205 $185

TABLE 12 a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 12 d - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $258 $290

Central Atlantic $134 $320

Lower Atlantic $382 $284

Midwest $161 $249

Gulf Coast $131 $315

Rocky Mountain $243 $289

West Coast $302 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $200 $291

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $214 $270

Central Atlantic $221 $270

Lower Atlantic $204 $232

Midwest $205 $232

Gulf Coast $199 $212

Rocky Mountain --- $221

West Coast $228 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $220 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $235

Central Atlantic $161 $698

Lower Atlantic $350 $289

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $227

Rocky Mountain --- $240

West Coast $341 $339

NATIONAL AVERAGE $326 $320

TABLE 12 e - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 f - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 g - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

22

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2007 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5)

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

B99B100

FIGURE 14  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 15  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

9 httpctaornlgovdata10 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote11 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430012 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today13 See footnote 12 above

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)10 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)11 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 13 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)12 130

Propane 137

TABLE 14 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85) 13 147

Propane 154

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 339 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

24

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (GGE)

Region E85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $326 $212 $114

Central Atlantic $276 $201 $075

Lower Atlantic $250 $193 $057

Midwest $220 $183 $037

Gulf Coast $207 $166 $041

Rocky Mountain $243 $184 $059

West Coast $308 $260 $048

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$242 $198 $044

TABLE 16aPROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES

BY REGION (GGE)

Region LPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $396 $212 $184

Central Atlantic $382 $201 $181

Lower Atlantic $390 $193 $197

Midwest $336 $183 $153

Gulf Coast $416 $166 $250

Rocky Mountain $395 $184 $211

West Coast $403 $260 $143

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$390 $198 $192

TABLE 16b

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $254 $250 $004

Central Atlantic $238 $227 $011

Lower Atlantic $233 $219 $014

Midwest $235 $205 $030

Gulf Coast $214 $201 $013

Rocky Mountain $225 $205 $020

West Coast $279 $255 $024

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$246 $223 $023

TABLE 16c

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B99B100 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $258 $250 $009

Central Atlantic $473 $227 $246

Lower Atlantic $343 $219 $124

Midwest --- $205 ---

Gulf Coast $251 $201 $050

Rocky Mountain $264 $205 $059

West Coast $373 $255 $118

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$353 $223 $130

TABLE 16d

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 and 6)

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afprnwttechcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

• Summary of Current Report Information
• Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
• CNG (Relative to Gasoline)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Gasoline
• CNG (Relative to Diesel)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Diesel
• Ethanol (E85)
• Historical Ethanol Prices vs Gasoline
• Propane (LPG) Relative to Gasoline
• Historical Propane (LPG) Prices vs Gasoline
• Biodiesel Blends B20
• Historical B20 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel Blends B99B100
• Historical B99B100 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel B99B100
• Biodiesel B20
• Propane
• Ethanol (E85)
• CNG
• Diesel
• Gasoline
• Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
• Methodology
• Historical Alternative Fuel Prices from Previous Reports
• Acknowledgements
• Comparison of Prices This Report vs Last Report
• Welcome to the July 2015 issue

11

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

EthanolGasoline

Ethanol (E85) cont

FIGURE 7  HISTORICAL ETHANOL (E85) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

12

Propane (LPG)

Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses8

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

PROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region LPG Prices ($gal)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $289 $212 $077

Central Atlantic $279 $201 $078

Lower Atlantic $285 $193 $092

Midwest $245 $183 $062

Gulf Coast $304 $166 $138

Rocky Mountain $288 $184 $104

West Coast $294 $260 $034

NATIONAL AVERAGE $285 $198 $087

The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period propane cost about $087 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis

8 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary stations

In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a

color did not have any propane data points in the current report

FIGURE 8  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

TABLE 8

13

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

PropaneGasoline

Propane (LPG) cont

FIGURE 9  HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

LPG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

14

Biodiesel Blends B20

B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region B20 Prices ($gal)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $249 $250 -$001

Central Atlantic $233 $227 $006

Lower Atlantic $228 $219 $009

Midwest $230 $205 $025

Gulf Coast $210 $201 $009

Rocky Mountain $221 $205 $016

West Coast $274 $255 $019

NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $223 $018

The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $018 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report

FIGURE 10  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

Note that B20 prices in many regions track very closely with diesel prices

TABLE 9

15

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

B20Diesel

Biodiesel Blends B20 cont

FIGURE 11  HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

16

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region B99B100 Prices ($gal)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England 235 250 -015

Central Atlantic 430 227 203

Lower Atlantic 312 219 093

Midwest --- 205 ---

Gulf Coast 228 201 027

Rocky Mountain 240 205 035

West Coast 339 255 084

NATIONAL AVERAGE 321 223 098

The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $098 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 10

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

B99B100Diesel

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

18

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the October 2015 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 241 212 -029 -1203

Central Atlantic 220 201 -019 -864

Lower Atlantic 215 193 -022 -1023

Midwest 236 183 -053 -2246

Gulf Coast 197 166 -031 -1574

Rocky Mountain 235 184 -051 -2170

West Coast 276 260 -016 -580

NATIONAL AVERAGE 235 198 -037 -1574

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 272 250 -022 -809

Central Atlantic 273 227 -046 -1685

Lower Atlantic 248 219 -029 -1169

Midwest 247 205 -042 -1700

Gulf Coast 227 201 -026 -1145

Rocky Mountain 246 205 -041 -1667

West Coast 280 255 -025 -893

NATIONAL AVERAGE 259 223 -036 -1390

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 244 245 001 041

Central Atlantic 199 197 -002 -101

Lower Atlantic 207 206 -001 -048

Midwest 203 195 -008 -394

Gulf Coast 204 203 -001 -049

Rocky Mountain 189 191 002 106

West Coast 237 240 003 127

NATIONAL AVERAGE 209 209 000 000

CNG

TABLE 11 a

TABLE 11 b

TABLE 11 c

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 278 251 -027 -971

Central Atlantic 241 212 -029 -1203

Lower Atlantic 207 192 -015 -725

Midwest 211 169 -042 -1991

Gulf Coast 192 159 -033 -1719

Rocky Mountain 220 187 -033 -1500

West Coast 262 237 -025 -954

NATIONAL AVERAGE 218 186 -032 -1468

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 284 289 005 176

Central Atlantic 268 279 011 410

Lower Atlantic 296 285 -011 -372

Midwest 270 245 -025 -926

Gulf Coast 299 304 005 167

Rocky Mountain 291 288 -003 -103

West Coast 296 294 -002 -068

NATIONAL AVERAGE 290 285 -005 -172

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 270 249 -021 -778

Central Atlantic 260 233 -027 -1038

Lower Atlantic 256 228 -028 -1094

Midwest 253 230 -023 -909

Gulf Coast 251 210 -041 -1633

Rocky Mountain 255 221 -034 -1333

West Coast 296 274 -022 -743

NATIONAL AVERAGE 266 241 -025 -940

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 262 235 -027 -1031

Central Atlantic 582 430 -152 -2612

Lower Atlantic 333 312 -021 -631

Midwest 246 --- --- ---

Gulf Coast 249 228 -021 -843

Rocky Mountain 259 240 -019 -734

West Coast 353 339 -014 -397

NATIONAL AVERAGE 340 321 -019 -559

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 11 d

TABLE 11 e

TABLE 11 f

TABLE 11 g

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

20

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3101 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 360 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3461 prices

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $213 $212

Central Atlantic $199 $201

Lower Atlantic $200 $193

Midwest $221 $181

Gulf Coast --- $166

Rocky Mountain $187 $184

West Coast $263 $259

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $196

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $202 $250

Central Atlantic $182 $204

Lower Atlantic $075 $213

Midwest $189 $197

Gulf Coast $177 $206

Rocky Mountain $176 $201

West Coast $207 $244

NATIONAL AVERAGE $182 $216

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $253 $250

Central Atlantic $207 $238

Lower Atlantic $199 $220

Midwest $167 $206

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain $162 $206

West Coast $239 $256

NATIONAL AVERAGE $214 $224

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $251

Central Atlantic $217 $211

Lower Atlantic $231 $192

Midwest $192 $167

Gulf Coast $199 $158

Rocky Mountain $167 $188

West Coast $244 $237

NATIONAL AVERAGE $205 $185

TABLE 12 a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 12 d - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $258 $290

Central Atlantic $134 $320

Lower Atlantic $382 $284

Midwest $161 $249

Gulf Coast $131 $315

Rocky Mountain $243 $289

West Coast $302 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $200 $291

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $214 $270

Central Atlantic $221 $270

Lower Atlantic $204 $232

Midwest $205 $232

Gulf Coast $199 $212

Rocky Mountain --- $221

West Coast $228 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $220 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $235

Central Atlantic $161 $698

Lower Atlantic $350 $289

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $227

Rocky Mountain --- $240

West Coast $341 $339

NATIONAL AVERAGE $326 $320

TABLE 12 e - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 f - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 g - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

22

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2007 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5)

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

B99B100

FIGURE 14  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 15  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

9 httpctaornlgovdata10 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote11 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430012 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today13 See footnote 12 above

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)10 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)11 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 13 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)12 130

Propane 137

TABLE 14 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85) 13 147

Propane 154

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 339 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

24

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (GGE)

Region E85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $326 $212 $114

Central Atlantic $276 $201 $075

Lower Atlantic $250 $193 $057

Midwest $220 $183 $037

Gulf Coast $207 $166 $041

Rocky Mountain $243 $184 $059

West Coast $308 $260 $048

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$242 $198 $044

TABLE 16aPROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES

BY REGION (GGE)

Region LPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $396 $212 $184

Central Atlantic $382 $201 $181

Lower Atlantic $390 $193 $197

Midwest $336 $183 $153

Gulf Coast $416 $166 $250

Rocky Mountain $395 $184 $211

West Coast $403 $260 $143

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$390 $198 $192

TABLE 16b

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $254 $250 $004

Central Atlantic $238 $227 $011

Lower Atlantic $233 $219 $014

Midwest $235 $205 $030

Gulf Coast $214 $201 $013

Rocky Mountain $225 $205 $020

West Coast $279 $255 $024

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$246 $223 $023

TABLE 16c

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B99B100 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $258 $250 $009

Central Atlantic $473 $227 $246

Lower Atlantic $343 $219 $124

Midwest --- $205 ---

Gulf Coast $251 $201 $050

Rocky Mountain $264 $205 $059

West Coast $373 $255 $118

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$353 $223 $130

TABLE 16d

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 and 6)

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afprnwttechcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

• Summary of Current Report Information
• Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
• CNG (Relative to Gasoline)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Gasoline
• CNG (Relative to Diesel)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Diesel
• Ethanol (E85)
• Historical Ethanol Prices vs Gasoline
• Propane (LPG) Relative to Gasoline
• Historical Propane (LPG) Prices vs Gasoline
• Biodiesel Blends B20
• Historical B20 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel Blends B99B100
• Historical B99B100 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel B99B100
• Biodiesel B20
• Propane
• Ethanol (E85)
• CNG
• Diesel
• Gasoline
• Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
• Methodology
• Historical Alternative Fuel Prices from Previous Reports
• Acknowledgements
• Comparison of Prices This Report vs Last Report
• Welcome to the July 2015 issue

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

12

Propane (LPG)

Propane prices in this report are from both private fleet refueling stations and public refueling sites that can provide propane for vehicles and for other uses8

Note The Alternative Fuel Price Report is a snapshot in time of retail fuel prices Alternative fuel fleets can obtain significantly lower fuel prices than those reported in the AFPR by entering into contracts directly with local fuel suppliers Contract prices will vary depending on fleet size and amount of fuel to be purchased distance from the supplier region of the country and other factors

PROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region LPG Prices ($gal)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $289 $212 $077

Central Atlantic $279 $201 $078

Lower Atlantic $285 $193 $092

Midwest $245 $183 $062

Gulf Coast $304 $166 $138

Rocky Mountain $288 $184 $104

West Coast $294 $260 $034

NATIONAL AVERAGE $285 $198 $087

The prices shown in Table 8 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period propane cost about $087 more than gasoline on a per (liquid) gallon basis

8 Because many propane retailers provide fuel for non-vehicle uses (camping stoves gas grills etc) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has worked with suppliers to clarify the differences On the AFDC Station Locator website (httpwwwafdcenergygovlocatorstations) each public propane station is designated as a ldquoprimaryrdquo or ldquosecondaryrdquo service type Both types are able to fuel vehicles however stations designated as ldquoprimaryrdquo have indicated they have facilities and billing procedures specifically designed for vehicle customers They may also offer special vehicle pricing and most accept major credit cards similar to traditional gasolinediesel retailers Propane pricing reported in this guide reflects a sampling of both primary and secondary stations

In this map negative numbers represent prices for propane that are

lower than gasoline on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with a

color did not have any propane data points in the current report

FIGURE 8  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR PROPANE (LPG) RELATIVE TO GASOLINE

LPG Price DifferenceRelative to Gasoline

Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $gal basis

TABLE 8

13

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

PropaneGasoline

Propane (LPG) cont

FIGURE 9  HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

LPG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

14

Biodiesel Blends B20

B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region B20 Prices ($gal)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $249 $250 -$001

Central Atlantic $233 $227 $006

Lower Atlantic $228 $219 $009

Midwest $230 $205 $025

Gulf Coast $210 $201 $009

Rocky Mountain $221 $205 $016

West Coast $274 $255 $019

NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $223 $018

The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $018 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report

FIGURE 10  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

Note that B20 prices in many regions track very closely with diesel prices

TABLE 9

15

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

B20Diesel

Biodiesel Blends B20 cont

FIGURE 11  HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

16

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region B99B100 Prices ($gal)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England 235 250 -015

Central Atlantic 430 227 203

Lower Atlantic 312 219 093

Midwest --- 205 ---

Gulf Coast 228 201 027

Rocky Mountain 240 205 035

West Coast 339 255 084

NATIONAL AVERAGE 321 223 098

The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $098 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 10

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

B99B100Diesel

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

18

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the October 2015 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 241 212 -029 -1203

Central Atlantic 220 201 -019 -864

Lower Atlantic 215 193 -022 -1023

Midwest 236 183 -053 -2246

Gulf Coast 197 166 -031 -1574

Rocky Mountain 235 184 -051 -2170

West Coast 276 260 -016 -580

NATIONAL AVERAGE 235 198 -037 -1574

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 272 250 -022 -809

Central Atlantic 273 227 -046 -1685

Lower Atlantic 248 219 -029 -1169

Midwest 247 205 -042 -1700

Gulf Coast 227 201 -026 -1145

Rocky Mountain 246 205 -041 -1667

West Coast 280 255 -025 -893

NATIONAL AVERAGE 259 223 -036 -1390

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 244 245 001 041

Central Atlantic 199 197 -002 -101

Lower Atlantic 207 206 -001 -048

Midwest 203 195 -008 -394

Gulf Coast 204 203 -001 -049

Rocky Mountain 189 191 002 106

West Coast 237 240 003 127

NATIONAL AVERAGE 209 209 000 000

CNG

TABLE 11 a

TABLE 11 b

TABLE 11 c

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 278 251 -027 -971

Central Atlantic 241 212 -029 -1203

Lower Atlantic 207 192 -015 -725

Midwest 211 169 -042 -1991

Gulf Coast 192 159 -033 -1719

Rocky Mountain 220 187 -033 -1500

West Coast 262 237 -025 -954

NATIONAL AVERAGE 218 186 -032 -1468

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 284 289 005 176

Central Atlantic 268 279 011 410

Lower Atlantic 296 285 -011 -372

Midwest 270 245 -025 -926

Gulf Coast 299 304 005 167

Rocky Mountain 291 288 -003 -103

West Coast 296 294 -002 -068

NATIONAL AVERAGE 290 285 -005 -172

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 270 249 -021 -778

Central Atlantic 260 233 -027 -1038

Lower Atlantic 256 228 -028 -1094

Midwest 253 230 -023 -909

Gulf Coast 251 210 -041 -1633

Rocky Mountain 255 221 -034 -1333

West Coast 296 274 -022 -743

NATIONAL AVERAGE 266 241 -025 -940

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 262 235 -027 -1031

Central Atlantic 582 430 -152 -2612

Lower Atlantic 333 312 -021 -631

Midwest 246 --- --- ---

Gulf Coast 249 228 -021 -843

Rocky Mountain 259 240 -019 -734

West Coast 353 339 -014 -397

NATIONAL AVERAGE 340 321 -019 -559

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 11 d

TABLE 11 e

TABLE 11 f

TABLE 11 g

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

20

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3101 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 360 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3461 prices

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $213 $212

Central Atlantic $199 $201

Lower Atlantic $200 $193

Midwest $221 $181

Gulf Coast --- $166

Rocky Mountain $187 $184

West Coast $263 $259

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $196

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $202 $250

Central Atlantic $182 $204

Lower Atlantic $075 $213

Midwest $189 $197

Gulf Coast $177 $206

Rocky Mountain $176 $201

West Coast $207 $244

NATIONAL AVERAGE $182 $216

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $253 $250

Central Atlantic $207 $238

Lower Atlantic $199 $220

Midwest $167 $206

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain $162 $206

West Coast $239 $256

NATIONAL AVERAGE $214 $224

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $251

Central Atlantic $217 $211

Lower Atlantic $231 $192

Midwest $192 $167

Gulf Coast $199 $158

Rocky Mountain $167 $188

West Coast $244 $237

NATIONAL AVERAGE $205 $185

TABLE 12 a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 12 d - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $258 $290

Central Atlantic $134 $320

Lower Atlantic $382 $284

Midwest $161 $249

Gulf Coast $131 $315

Rocky Mountain $243 $289

West Coast $302 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $200 $291

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $214 $270

Central Atlantic $221 $270

Lower Atlantic $204 $232

Midwest $205 $232

Gulf Coast $199 $212

Rocky Mountain --- $221

West Coast $228 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $220 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $235

Central Atlantic $161 $698

Lower Atlantic $350 $289

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $227

Rocky Mountain --- $240

West Coast $341 $339

NATIONAL AVERAGE $326 $320

TABLE 12 e - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 f - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 g - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

22

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2007 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5)

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

B99B100

FIGURE 14  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 15  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

9 httpctaornlgovdata10 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote11 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430012 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today13 See footnote 12 above

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)10 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)11 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 13 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)12 130

Propane 137

TABLE 14 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85) 13 147

Propane 154

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 339 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

24

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (GGE)

Region E85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $326 $212 $114

Central Atlantic $276 $201 $075

Lower Atlantic $250 $193 $057

Midwest $220 $183 $037

Gulf Coast $207 $166 $041

Rocky Mountain $243 $184 $059

West Coast $308 $260 $048

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$242 $198 $044

TABLE 16aPROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES

BY REGION (GGE)

Region LPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $396 $212 $184

Central Atlantic $382 $201 $181

Lower Atlantic $390 $193 $197

Midwest $336 $183 $153

Gulf Coast $416 $166 $250

Rocky Mountain $395 $184 $211

West Coast $403 $260 $143

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$390 $198 $192

TABLE 16b

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $254 $250 $004

Central Atlantic $238 $227 $011

Lower Atlantic $233 $219 $014

Midwest $235 $205 $030

Gulf Coast $214 $201 $013

Rocky Mountain $225 $205 $020

West Coast $279 $255 $024

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$246 $223 $023

TABLE 16c

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B99B100 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $258 $250 $009

Central Atlantic $473 $227 $246

Lower Atlantic $343 $219 $124

Midwest --- $205 ---

Gulf Coast $251 $201 $050

Rocky Mountain $264 $205 $059

West Coast $373 $255 $118

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$353 $223 $130

TABLE 16d

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 and 6)

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afprnwttechcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

• Summary of Current Report Information
• Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
• CNG (Relative to Gasoline)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Gasoline
• CNG (Relative to Diesel)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Diesel
• Ethanol (E85)
• Historical Ethanol Prices vs Gasoline
• Propane (LPG) Relative to Gasoline
• Historical Propane (LPG) Prices vs Gasoline
• Biodiesel Blends B20
• Historical B20 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel Blends B99B100
• Historical B99B100 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel B99B100
• Biodiesel B20
• Propane
• Ethanol (E85)
• CNG
• Diesel
• Gasoline
• Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
• Methodology
• Historical Alternative Fuel Prices from Previous Reports
• Acknowledgements
• Comparison of Prices This Report vs Last Report
• Welcome to the July 2015 issue

13

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

PropaneGasoline

Propane (LPG) cont

FIGURE 9  HISTORICAL PROPANE (LPG) PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

LPG

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

14

Biodiesel Blends B20

B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region B20 Prices ($gal)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $249 $250 -$001

Central Atlantic $233 $227 $006

Lower Atlantic $228 $219 $009

Midwest $230 $205 $025

Gulf Coast $210 $201 $009

Rocky Mountain $221 $205 $016

West Coast $274 $255 $019

NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $223 $018

The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $018 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report

FIGURE 10  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

Note that B20 prices in many regions track very closely with diesel prices

TABLE 9

15

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

B20Diesel

Biodiesel Blends B20 cont

FIGURE 11  HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

16

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region B99B100 Prices ($gal)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England 235 250 -015

Central Atlantic 430 227 203

Lower Atlantic 312 219 093

Midwest --- 205 ---

Gulf Coast 228 201 027

Rocky Mountain 240 205 035

West Coast 339 255 084

NATIONAL AVERAGE 321 223 098

The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $098 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 10

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

B99B100Diesel

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

18

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the October 2015 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 241 212 -029 -1203

Central Atlantic 220 201 -019 -864

Lower Atlantic 215 193 -022 -1023

Midwest 236 183 -053 -2246

Gulf Coast 197 166 -031 -1574

Rocky Mountain 235 184 -051 -2170

West Coast 276 260 -016 -580

NATIONAL AVERAGE 235 198 -037 -1574

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 272 250 -022 -809

Central Atlantic 273 227 -046 -1685

Lower Atlantic 248 219 -029 -1169

Midwest 247 205 -042 -1700

Gulf Coast 227 201 -026 -1145

Rocky Mountain 246 205 -041 -1667

West Coast 280 255 -025 -893

NATIONAL AVERAGE 259 223 -036 -1390

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 244 245 001 041

Central Atlantic 199 197 -002 -101

Lower Atlantic 207 206 -001 -048

Midwest 203 195 -008 -394

Gulf Coast 204 203 -001 -049

Rocky Mountain 189 191 002 106

West Coast 237 240 003 127

NATIONAL AVERAGE 209 209 000 000

CNG

TABLE 11 a

TABLE 11 b

TABLE 11 c

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 278 251 -027 -971

Central Atlantic 241 212 -029 -1203

Lower Atlantic 207 192 -015 -725

Midwest 211 169 -042 -1991

Gulf Coast 192 159 -033 -1719

Rocky Mountain 220 187 -033 -1500

West Coast 262 237 -025 -954

NATIONAL AVERAGE 218 186 -032 -1468

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 284 289 005 176

Central Atlantic 268 279 011 410

Lower Atlantic 296 285 -011 -372

Midwest 270 245 -025 -926

Gulf Coast 299 304 005 167

Rocky Mountain 291 288 -003 -103

West Coast 296 294 -002 -068

NATIONAL AVERAGE 290 285 -005 -172

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 270 249 -021 -778

Central Atlantic 260 233 -027 -1038

Lower Atlantic 256 228 -028 -1094

Midwest 253 230 -023 -909

Gulf Coast 251 210 -041 -1633

Rocky Mountain 255 221 -034 -1333

West Coast 296 274 -022 -743

NATIONAL AVERAGE 266 241 -025 -940

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 262 235 -027 -1031

Central Atlantic 582 430 -152 -2612

Lower Atlantic 333 312 -021 -631

Midwest 246 --- --- ---

Gulf Coast 249 228 -021 -843

Rocky Mountain 259 240 -019 -734

West Coast 353 339 -014 -397

NATIONAL AVERAGE 340 321 -019 -559

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 11 d

TABLE 11 e

TABLE 11 f

TABLE 11 g

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

20

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3101 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 360 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3461 prices

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $213 $212

Central Atlantic $199 $201

Lower Atlantic $200 $193

Midwest $221 $181

Gulf Coast --- $166

Rocky Mountain $187 $184

West Coast $263 $259

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $196

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $202 $250

Central Atlantic $182 $204

Lower Atlantic $075 $213

Midwest $189 $197

Gulf Coast $177 $206

Rocky Mountain $176 $201

West Coast $207 $244

NATIONAL AVERAGE $182 $216

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $253 $250

Central Atlantic $207 $238

Lower Atlantic $199 $220

Midwest $167 $206

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain $162 $206

West Coast $239 $256

NATIONAL AVERAGE $214 $224

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $251

Central Atlantic $217 $211

Lower Atlantic $231 $192

Midwest $192 $167

Gulf Coast $199 $158

Rocky Mountain $167 $188

West Coast $244 $237

NATIONAL AVERAGE $205 $185

TABLE 12 a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 12 d - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $258 $290

Central Atlantic $134 $320

Lower Atlantic $382 $284

Midwest $161 $249

Gulf Coast $131 $315

Rocky Mountain $243 $289

West Coast $302 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $200 $291

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $214 $270

Central Atlantic $221 $270

Lower Atlantic $204 $232

Midwest $205 $232

Gulf Coast $199 $212

Rocky Mountain --- $221

West Coast $228 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $220 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $235

Central Atlantic $161 $698

Lower Atlantic $350 $289

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $227

Rocky Mountain --- $240

West Coast $341 $339

NATIONAL AVERAGE $326 $320

TABLE 12 e - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 f - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 g - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

22

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2007 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5)

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

B99B100

FIGURE 14  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 15  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

9 httpctaornlgovdata10 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote11 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430012 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today13 See footnote 12 above

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)10 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)11 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 13 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)12 130

Propane 137

TABLE 14 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85) 13 147

Propane 154

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 339 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

24

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (GGE)

Region E85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $326 $212 $114

Central Atlantic $276 $201 $075

Lower Atlantic $250 $193 $057

Midwest $220 $183 $037

Gulf Coast $207 $166 $041

Rocky Mountain $243 $184 $059

West Coast $308 $260 $048

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$242 $198 $044

TABLE 16aPROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES

BY REGION (GGE)

Region LPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $396 $212 $184

Central Atlantic $382 $201 $181

Lower Atlantic $390 $193 $197

Midwest $336 $183 $153

Gulf Coast $416 $166 $250

Rocky Mountain $395 $184 $211

West Coast $403 $260 $143

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$390 $198 $192

TABLE 16b

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $254 $250 $004

Central Atlantic $238 $227 $011

Lower Atlantic $233 $219 $014

Midwest $235 $205 $030

Gulf Coast $214 $201 $013

Rocky Mountain $225 $205 $020

West Coast $279 $255 $024

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$246 $223 $023

TABLE 16c

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B99B100 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $258 $250 $009

Central Atlantic $473 $227 $246

Lower Atlantic $343 $219 $124

Midwest --- $205 ---

Gulf Coast $251 $201 $050

Rocky Mountain $264 $205 $059

West Coast $373 $255 $118

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$353 $223 $130

TABLE 16d

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 and 6)

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afprnwttechcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

• Summary of Current Report Information
• Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
• CNG (Relative to Gasoline)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Gasoline
• CNG (Relative to Diesel)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Diesel
• Ethanol (E85)
• Historical Ethanol Prices vs Gasoline
• Propane (LPG) Relative to Gasoline
• Historical Propane (LPG) Prices vs Gasoline
• Biodiesel Blends B20
• Historical B20 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel Blends B99B100
• Historical B99B100 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel B99B100
• Biodiesel B20
• Propane
• Ethanol (E85)
• CNG
• Diesel
• Gasoline
• Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
• Methodology
• Historical Alternative Fuel Prices from Previous Reports
• Acknowledgements
• Comparison of Prices This Report vs Last Report
• Welcome to the July 2015 issue

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

14

Biodiesel Blends B20

B20 is a blend of 20 biodiesel and 80 conventional diesel B20 contains only about 2 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B20 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region B20 Prices ($gal)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England $249 $250 -$001

Central Atlantic $233 $227 $006

Lower Atlantic $228 $219 $009

Midwest $230 $205 $025

Gulf Coast $210 $201 $009

Rocky Mountain $221 $205 $016

West Coast $274 $255 $019

NATIONAL AVERAGE $241 $223 $018

The prices shown in Table 9 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On a national average basis during this reporting period B20 cost about $018 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B20 that are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B20 data points in the current report

FIGURE 10  PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B20 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B20 Price DifferenceRelative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

Note that B20 prices in many regions track very closely with diesel prices

TABLE 9

15

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

B20Diesel

Biodiesel Blends B20 cont

FIGURE 11  HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

16

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region B99B100 Prices ($gal)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England 235 250 -015

Central Atlantic 430 227 203

Lower Atlantic 312 219 093

Midwest --- 205 ---

Gulf Coast 228 201 027

Rocky Mountain 240 205 035

West Coast 339 255 084

NATIONAL AVERAGE 321 223 098

The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $098 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 10

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

B99B100Diesel

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

18

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the October 2015 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 241 212 -029 -1203

Central Atlantic 220 201 -019 -864

Lower Atlantic 215 193 -022 -1023

Midwest 236 183 -053 -2246

Gulf Coast 197 166 -031 -1574

Rocky Mountain 235 184 -051 -2170

West Coast 276 260 -016 -580

NATIONAL AVERAGE 235 198 -037 -1574

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 272 250 -022 -809

Central Atlantic 273 227 -046 -1685

Lower Atlantic 248 219 -029 -1169

Midwest 247 205 -042 -1700

Gulf Coast 227 201 -026 -1145

Rocky Mountain 246 205 -041 -1667

West Coast 280 255 -025 -893

NATIONAL AVERAGE 259 223 -036 -1390

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 244 245 001 041

Central Atlantic 199 197 -002 -101

Lower Atlantic 207 206 -001 -048

Midwest 203 195 -008 -394

Gulf Coast 204 203 -001 -049

Rocky Mountain 189 191 002 106

West Coast 237 240 003 127

NATIONAL AVERAGE 209 209 000 000

CNG

TABLE 11 a

TABLE 11 b

TABLE 11 c

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 278 251 -027 -971

Central Atlantic 241 212 -029 -1203

Lower Atlantic 207 192 -015 -725

Midwest 211 169 -042 -1991

Gulf Coast 192 159 -033 -1719

Rocky Mountain 220 187 -033 -1500

West Coast 262 237 -025 -954

NATIONAL AVERAGE 218 186 -032 -1468

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 284 289 005 176

Central Atlantic 268 279 011 410

Lower Atlantic 296 285 -011 -372

Midwest 270 245 -025 -926

Gulf Coast 299 304 005 167

Rocky Mountain 291 288 -003 -103

West Coast 296 294 -002 -068

NATIONAL AVERAGE 290 285 -005 -172

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 270 249 -021 -778

Central Atlantic 260 233 -027 -1038

Lower Atlantic 256 228 -028 -1094

Midwest 253 230 -023 -909

Gulf Coast 251 210 -041 -1633

Rocky Mountain 255 221 -034 -1333

West Coast 296 274 -022 -743

NATIONAL AVERAGE 266 241 -025 -940

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 262 235 -027 -1031

Central Atlantic 582 430 -152 -2612

Lower Atlantic 333 312 -021 -631

Midwest 246 --- --- ---

Gulf Coast 249 228 -021 -843

Rocky Mountain 259 240 -019 -734

West Coast 353 339 -014 -397

NATIONAL AVERAGE 340 321 -019 -559

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 11 d

TABLE 11 e

TABLE 11 f

TABLE 11 g

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

20

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3101 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 360 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3461 prices

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $213 $212

Central Atlantic $199 $201

Lower Atlantic $200 $193

Midwest $221 $181

Gulf Coast --- $166

Rocky Mountain $187 $184

West Coast $263 $259

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $196

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $202 $250

Central Atlantic $182 $204

Lower Atlantic $075 $213

Midwest $189 $197

Gulf Coast $177 $206

Rocky Mountain $176 $201

West Coast $207 $244

NATIONAL AVERAGE $182 $216

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $253 $250

Central Atlantic $207 $238

Lower Atlantic $199 $220

Midwest $167 $206

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain $162 $206

West Coast $239 $256

NATIONAL AVERAGE $214 $224

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $251

Central Atlantic $217 $211

Lower Atlantic $231 $192

Midwest $192 $167

Gulf Coast $199 $158

Rocky Mountain $167 $188

West Coast $244 $237

NATIONAL AVERAGE $205 $185

TABLE 12 a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 12 d - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $258 $290

Central Atlantic $134 $320

Lower Atlantic $382 $284

Midwest $161 $249

Gulf Coast $131 $315

Rocky Mountain $243 $289

West Coast $302 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $200 $291

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $214 $270

Central Atlantic $221 $270

Lower Atlantic $204 $232

Midwest $205 $232

Gulf Coast $199 $212

Rocky Mountain --- $221

West Coast $228 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $220 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $235

Central Atlantic $161 $698

Lower Atlantic $350 $289

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $227

Rocky Mountain --- $240

West Coast $341 $339

NATIONAL AVERAGE $326 $320

TABLE 12 e - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 f - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 g - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

22

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2007 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5)

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

B99B100

FIGURE 14  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 15  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

9 httpctaornlgovdata10 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote11 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430012 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today13 See footnote 12 above

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)10 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)11 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 13 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)12 130

Propane 137

TABLE 14 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85) 13 147

Propane 154

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 339 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

24

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (GGE)

Region E85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $326 $212 $114

Central Atlantic $276 $201 $075

Lower Atlantic $250 $193 $057

Midwest $220 $183 $037

Gulf Coast $207 $166 $041

Rocky Mountain $243 $184 $059

West Coast $308 $260 $048

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$242 $198 $044

TABLE 16aPROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES

BY REGION (GGE)

Region LPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $396 $212 $184

Central Atlantic $382 $201 $181

Lower Atlantic $390 $193 $197

Midwest $336 $183 $153

Gulf Coast $416 $166 $250

Rocky Mountain $395 $184 $211

West Coast $403 $260 $143

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$390 $198 $192

TABLE 16b

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $254 $250 $004

Central Atlantic $238 $227 $011

Lower Atlantic $233 $219 $014

Midwest $235 $205 $030

Gulf Coast $214 $201 $013

Rocky Mountain $225 $205 $020

West Coast $279 $255 $024

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$246 $223 $023

TABLE 16c

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B99B100 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $258 $250 $009

Central Atlantic $473 $227 $246

Lower Atlantic $343 $219 $124

Midwest --- $205 ---

Gulf Coast $251 $201 $050

Rocky Mountain $264 $205 $059

West Coast $373 $255 $118

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$353 $223 $130

TABLE 16d

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 and 6)

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afprnwttechcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

• Summary of Current Report Information
• Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
• CNG (Relative to Gasoline)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Gasoline
• CNG (Relative to Diesel)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Diesel
• Ethanol (E85)
• Historical Ethanol Prices vs Gasoline
• Propane (LPG) Relative to Gasoline
• Historical Propane (LPG) Prices vs Gasoline
• Biodiesel Blends B20
• Historical B20 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel Blends B99B100
• Historical B99B100 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel B99B100
• Biodiesel B20
• Propane
• Ethanol (E85)
• CNG
• Diesel
• Gasoline
• Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
• Methodology
• Historical Alternative Fuel Prices from Previous Reports
• Acknowledgements
• Comparison of Prices This Report vs Last Report
• Welcome to the July 2015 issue

15

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

B20Diesel

Biodiesel Blends B20 cont

FIGURE 11  HISTORICAL B20 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

16

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region B99B100 Prices ($gal)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England 235 250 -015

Central Atlantic 430 227 203

Lower Atlantic 312 219 093

Midwest --- 205 ---

Gulf Coast 228 201 027

Rocky Mountain 240 205 035

West Coast 339 255 084

NATIONAL AVERAGE 321 223 098

The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $098 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 10

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

B99B100Diesel

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

18

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the October 2015 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 241 212 -029 -1203

Central Atlantic 220 201 -019 -864

Lower Atlantic 215 193 -022 -1023

Midwest 236 183 -053 -2246

Gulf Coast 197 166 -031 -1574

Rocky Mountain 235 184 -051 -2170

West Coast 276 260 -016 -580

NATIONAL AVERAGE 235 198 -037 -1574

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 272 250 -022 -809

Central Atlantic 273 227 -046 -1685

Lower Atlantic 248 219 -029 -1169

Midwest 247 205 -042 -1700

Gulf Coast 227 201 -026 -1145

Rocky Mountain 246 205 -041 -1667

West Coast 280 255 -025 -893

NATIONAL AVERAGE 259 223 -036 -1390

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 244 245 001 041

Central Atlantic 199 197 -002 -101

Lower Atlantic 207 206 -001 -048

Midwest 203 195 -008 -394

Gulf Coast 204 203 -001 -049

Rocky Mountain 189 191 002 106

West Coast 237 240 003 127

NATIONAL AVERAGE 209 209 000 000

CNG

TABLE 11 a

TABLE 11 b

TABLE 11 c

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 278 251 -027 -971

Central Atlantic 241 212 -029 -1203

Lower Atlantic 207 192 -015 -725

Midwest 211 169 -042 -1991

Gulf Coast 192 159 -033 -1719

Rocky Mountain 220 187 -033 -1500

West Coast 262 237 -025 -954

NATIONAL AVERAGE 218 186 -032 -1468

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 284 289 005 176

Central Atlantic 268 279 011 410

Lower Atlantic 296 285 -011 -372

Midwest 270 245 -025 -926

Gulf Coast 299 304 005 167

Rocky Mountain 291 288 -003 -103

West Coast 296 294 -002 -068

NATIONAL AVERAGE 290 285 -005 -172

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 270 249 -021 -778

Central Atlantic 260 233 -027 -1038

Lower Atlantic 256 228 -028 -1094

Midwest 253 230 -023 -909

Gulf Coast 251 210 -041 -1633

Rocky Mountain 255 221 -034 -1333

West Coast 296 274 -022 -743

NATIONAL AVERAGE 266 241 -025 -940

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 262 235 -027 -1031

Central Atlantic 582 430 -152 -2612

Lower Atlantic 333 312 -021 -631

Midwest 246 --- --- ---

Gulf Coast 249 228 -021 -843

Rocky Mountain 259 240 -019 -734

West Coast 353 339 -014 -397

NATIONAL AVERAGE 340 321 -019 -559

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 11 d

TABLE 11 e

TABLE 11 f

TABLE 11 g

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

20

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3101 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 360 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3461 prices

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $213 $212

Central Atlantic $199 $201

Lower Atlantic $200 $193

Midwest $221 $181

Gulf Coast --- $166

Rocky Mountain $187 $184

West Coast $263 $259

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $196

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $202 $250

Central Atlantic $182 $204

Lower Atlantic $075 $213

Midwest $189 $197

Gulf Coast $177 $206

Rocky Mountain $176 $201

West Coast $207 $244

NATIONAL AVERAGE $182 $216

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $253 $250

Central Atlantic $207 $238

Lower Atlantic $199 $220

Midwest $167 $206

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain $162 $206

West Coast $239 $256

NATIONAL AVERAGE $214 $224

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $251

Central Atlantic $217 $211

Lower Atlantic $231 $192

Midwest $192 $167

Gulf Coast $199 $158

Rocky Mountain $167 $188

West Coast $244 $237

NATIONAL AVERAGE $205 $185

TABLE 12 a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 12 d - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $258 $290

Central Atlantic $134 $320

Lower Atlantic $382 $284

Midwest $161 $249

Gulf Coast $131 $315

Rocky Mountain $243 $289

West Coast $302 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $200 $291

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $214 $270

Central Atlantic $221 $270

Lower Atlantic $204 $232

Midwest $205 $232

Gulf Coast $199 $212

Rocky Mountain --- $221

West Coast $228 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $220 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $235

Central Atlantic $161 $698

Lower Atlantic $350 $289

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $227

Rocky Mountain --- $240

West Coast $341 $339

NATIONAL AVERAGE $326 $320

TABLE 12 e - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 f - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 g - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

22

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2007 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5)

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

B99B100

FIGURE 14  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 15  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

9 httpctaornlgovdata10 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote11 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430012 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today13 See footnote 12 above

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)10 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)11 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 13 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)12 130

Propane 137

TABLE 14 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85) 13 147

Propane 154

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 339 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

24

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (GGE)

Region E85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $326 $212 $114

Central Atlantic $276 $201 $075

Lower Atlantic $250 $193 $057

Midwest $220 $183 $037

Gulf Coast $207 $166 $041

Rocky Mountain $243 $184 $059

West Coast $308 $260 $048

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$242 $198 $044

TABLE 16aPROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES

BY REGION (GGE)

Region LPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $396 $212 $184

Central Atlantic $382 $201 $181

Lower Atlantic $390 $193 $197

Midwest $336 $183 $153

Gulf Coast $416 $166 $250

Rocky Mountain $395 $184 $211

West Coast $403 $260 $143

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$390 $198 $192

TABLE 16b

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $254 $250 $004

Central Atlantic $238 $227 $011

Lower Atlantic $233 $219 $014

Midwest $235 $205 $030

Gulf Coast $214 $201 $013

Rocky Mountain $225 $205 $020

West Coast $279 $255 $024

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$246 $223 $023

TABLE 16c

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B99B100 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $258 $250 $009

Central Atlantic $473 $227 $246

Lower Atlantic $343 $219 $124

Midwest --- $205 ---

Gulf Coast $251 $201 $050

Rocky Mountain $264 $205 $059

West Coast $373 $255 $118

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$353 $223 $130

TABLE 16d

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 and 6)

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afprnwttechcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

• Summary of Current Report Information
• Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
• CNG (Relative to Gasoline)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Gasoline
• CNG (Relative to Diesel)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Diesel
• Ethanol (E85)
• Historical Ethanol Prices vs Gasoline
• Propane (LPG) Relative to Gasoline
• Historical Propane (LPG) Prices vs Gasoline
• Biodiesel Blends B20
• Historical B20 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel Blends B99B100
• Historical B99B100 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel B99B100
• Biodiesel B20
• Propane
• Ethanol (E85)
• CNG
• Diesel
• Gasoline
• Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
• Methodology
• Historical Alternative Fuel Prices from Previous Reports
• Acknowledgements
• Comparison of Prices This Report vs Last Report
• Welcome to the July 2015 issue

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

16

Biodiesel Blends B99B100

B100 contains about 10 less energy (BTUs) per volume than 100 diesel

The appendix at the end of this report provides conversion factors for calculating B100 prices on a GGE and DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION

Region B99B100 Prices ($gal)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

PriceDifference

New England 235 250 -015

Central Atlantic 430 227 203

Lower Atlantic 312 219 093

Midwest --- 205 ---

Gulf Coast 228 201 027

Rocky Mountain 240 205 035

West Coast 339 255 084

NATIONAL AVERAGE 321 223 098

The prices shown in Table 10 were submitted by Clean Cities coordinators fuel providers and other stakeholders on a voluntary basis between January 1 and January 15 2016

On average during this reporting period B99B100 cost about $098 more than diesel on a per gallon basis

In this map negative numbers represent prices for B99B100 that

are lower than diesel on a per gallon basis States not highlighted with

a color did not have any B99B100 data points in the current report

FIGURE 12 PRICE DIFFERENTIALS BY STATE FOR B99B100 RELATIVE TO DIESEL

B99B100 Price Difference

Relative to Diesel

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than diesel on a $GAL basis

TABLE 10

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

B99B100Diesel

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

18

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the October 2015 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 241 212 -029 -1203

Central Atlantic 220 201 -019 -864

Lower Atlantic 215 193 -022 -1023

Midwest 236 183 -053 -2246

Gulf Coast 197 166 -031 -1574

Rocky Mountain 235 184 -051 -2170

West Coast 276 260 -016 -580

NATIONAL AVERAGE 235 198 -037 -1574

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 272 250 -022 -809

Central Atlantic 273 227 -046 -1685

Lower Atlantic 248 219 -029 -1169

Midwest 247 205 -042 -1700

Gulf Coast 227 201 -026 -1145

Rocky Mountain 246 205 -041 -1667

West Coast 280 255 -025 -893

NATIONAL AVERAGE 259 223 -036 -1390

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 244 245 001 041

Central Atlantic 199 197 -002 -101

Lower Atlantic 207 206 -001 -048

Midwest 203 195 -008 -394

Gulf Coast 204 203 -001 -049

Rocky Mountain 189 191 002 106

West Coast 237 240 003 127

NATIONAL AVERAGE 209 209 000 000

CNG

TABLE 11 a

TABLE 11 b

TABLE 11 c

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 278 251 -027 -971

Central Atlantic 241 212 -029 -1203

Lower Atlantic 207 192 -015 -725

Midwest 211 169 -042 -1991

Gulf Coast 192 159 -033 -1719

Rocky Mountain 220 187 -033 -1500

West Coast 262 237 -025 -954

NATIONAL AVERAGE 218 186 -032 -1468

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 284 289 005 176

Central Atlantic 268 279 011 410

Lower Atlantic 296 285 -011 -372

Midwest 270 245 -025 -926

Gulf Coast 299 304 005 167

Rocky Mountain 291 288 -003 -103

West Coast 296 294 -002 -068

NATIONAL AVERAGE 290 285 -005 -172

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 270 249 -021 -778

Central Atlantic 260 233 -027 -1038

Lower Atlantic 256 228 -028 -1094

Midwest 253 230 -023 -909

Gulf Coast 251 210 -041 -1633

Rocky Mountain 255 221 -034 -1333

West Coast 296 274 -022 -743

NATIONAL AVERAGE 266 241 -025 -940

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 262 235 -027 -1031

Central Atlantic 582 430 -152 -2612

Lower Atlantic 333 312 -021 -631

Midwest 246 --- --- ---

Gulf Coast 249 228 -021 -843

Rocky Mountain 259 240 -019 -734

West Coast 353 339 -014 -397

NATIONAL AVERAGE 340 321 -019 -559

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 11 d

TABLE 11 e

TABLE 11 f

TABLE 11 g

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

20

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3101 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 360 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3461 prices

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $213 $212

Central Atlantic $199 $201

Lower Atlantic $200 $193

Midwest $221 $181

Gulf Coast --- $166

Rocky Mountain $187 $184

West Coast $263 $259

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $196

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $202 $250

Central Atlantic $182 $204

Lower Atlantic $075 $213

Midwest $189 $197

Gulf Coast $177 $206

Rocky Mountain $176 $201

West Coast $207 $244

NATIONAL AVERAGE $182 $216

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $253 $250

Central Atlantic $207 $238

Lower Atlantic $199 $220

Midwest $167 $206

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain $162 $206

West Coast $239 $256

NATIONAL AVERAGE $214 $224

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $251

Central Atlantic $217 $211

Lower Atlantic $231 $192

Midwest $192 $167

Gulf Coast $199 $158

Rocky Mountain $167 $188

West Coast $244 $237

NATIONAL AVERAGE $205 $185

TABLE 12 a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 12 d - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $258 $290

Central Atlantic $134 $320

Lower Atlantic $382 $284

Midwest $161 $249

Gulf Coast $131 $315

Rocky Mountain $243 $289

West Coast $302 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $200 $291

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $214 $270

Central Atlantic $221 $270

Lower Atlantic $204 $232

Midwest $205 $232

Gulf Coast $199 $212

Rocky Mountain --- $221

West Coast $228 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $220 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $235

Central Atlantic $161 $698

Lower Atlantic $350 $289

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $227

Rocky Mountain --- $240

West Coast $341 $339

NATIONAL AVERAGE $326 $320

TABLE 12 e - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 f - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 g - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

22

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2007 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5)

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

B99B100

FIGURE 14  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 15  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

9 httpctaornlgovdata10 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote11 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430012 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today13 See footnote 12 above

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)10 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)11 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 13 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)12 130

Propane 137

TABLE 14 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85) 13 147

Propane 154

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 339 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

24

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (GGE)

Region E85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $326 $212 $114

Central Atlantic $276 $201 $075

Lower Atlantic $250 $193 $057

Midwest $220 $183 $037

Gulf Coast $207 $166 $041

Rocky Mountain $243 $184 $059

West Coast $308 $260 $048

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$242 $198 $044

TABLE 16aPROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES

BY REGION (GGE)

Region LPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $396 $212 $184

Central Atlantic $382 $201 $181

Lower Atlantic $390 $193 $197

Midwest $336 $183 $153

Gulf Coast $416 $166 $250

Rocky Mountain $395 $184 $211

West Coast $403 $260 $143

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$390 $198 $192

TABLE 16b

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $254 $250 $004

Central Atlantic $238 $227 $011

Lower Atlantic $233 $219 $014

Midwest $235 $205 $030

Gulf Coast $214 $201 $013

Rocky Mountain $225 $205 $020

West Coast $279 $255 $024

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$246 $223 $023

TABLE 16c

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B99B100 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $258 $250 $009

Central Atlantic $473 $227 $246

Lower Atlantic $343 $219 $124

Midwest --- $205 ---

Gulf Coast $251 $201 $050

Rocky Mountain $264 $205 $059

West Coast $373 $255 $118

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$353 $223 $130

TABLE 16d

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 and 6)

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afprnwttechcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

• Summary of Current Report Information
• Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
• CNG (Relative to Gasoline)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Gasoline
• CNG (Relative to Diesel)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Diesel
• Ethanol (E85)
• Historical Ethanol Prices vs Gasoline
• Propane (LPG) Relative to Gasoline
• Historical Propane (LPG) Prices vs Gasoline
• Biodiesel Blends B20
• Historical B20 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel Blends B99B100
• Historical B99B100 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel B99B100
• Biodiesel B20
• Propane
• Ethanol (E85)
• CNG
• Diesel
• Gasoline
• Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
• Methodology
• Historical Alternative Fuel Prices from Previous Reports
• Acknowledgements
• Comparison of Prices This Report vs Last Report
• Welcome to the July 2015 issue

17

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

B99B100Diesel

Biodiesel Blends B99B100 cont

FIGURE 13  HISTORICAL B99B100 PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

18

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the October 2015 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 241 212 -029 -1203

Central Atlantic 220 201 -019 -864

Lower Atlantic 215 193 -022 -1023

Midwest 236 183 -053 -2246

Gulf Coast 197 166 -031 -1574

Rocky Mountain 235 184 -051 -2170

West Coast 276 260 -016 -580

NATIONAL AVERAGE 235 198 -037 -1574

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 272 250 -022 -809

Central Atlantic 273 227 -046 -1685

Lower Atlantic 248 219 -029 -1169

Midwest 247 205 -042 -1700

Gulf Coast 227 201 -026 -1145

Rocky Mountain 246 205 -041 -1667

West Coast 280 255 -025 -893

NATIONAL AVERAGE 259 223 -036 -1390

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 244 245 001 041

Central Atlantic 199 197 -002 -101

Lower Atlantic 207 206 -001 -048

Midwest 203 195 -008 -394

Gulf Coast 204 203 -001 -049

Rocky Mountain 189 191 002 106

West Coast 237 240 003 127

NATIONAL AVERAGE 209 209 000 000

CNG

TABLE 11 a

TABLE 11 b

TABLE 11 c

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 278 251 -027 -971

Central Atlantic 241 212 -029 -1203

Lower Atlantic 207 192 -015 -725

Midwest 211 169 -042 -1991

Gulf Coast 192 159 -033 -1719

Rocky Mountain 220 187 -033 -1500

West Coast 262 237 -025 -954

NATIONAL AVERAGE 218 186 -032 -1468

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 284 289 005 176

Central Atlantic 268 279 011 410

Lower Atlantic 296 285 -011 -372

Midwest 270 245 -025 -926

Gulf Coast 299 304 005 167

Rocky Mountain 291 288 -003 -103

West Coast 296 294 -002 -068

NATIONAL AVERAGE 290 285 -005 -172

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 270 249 -021 -778

Central Atlantic 260 233 -027 -1038

Lower Atlantic 256 228 -028 -1094

Midwest 253 230 -023 -909

Gulf Coast 251 210 -041 -1633

Rocky Mountain 255 221 -034 -1333

West Coast 296 274 -022 -743

NATIONAL AVERAGE 266 241 -025 -940

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 262 235 -027 -1031

Central Atlantic 582 430 -152 -2612

Lower Atlantic 333 312 -021 -631

Midwest 246 --- --- ---

Gulf Coast 249 228 -021 -843

Rocky Mountain 259 240 -019 -734

West Coast 353 339 -014 -397

NATIONAL AVERAGE 340 321 -019 -559

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 11 d

TABLE 11 e

TABLE 11 f

TABLE 11 g

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

20

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3101 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 360 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3461 prices

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $213 $212

Central Atlantic $199 $201

Lower Atlantic $200 $193

Midwest $221 $181

Gulf Coast --- $166

Rocky Mountain $187 $184

West Coast $263 $259

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $196

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $202 $250

Central Atlantic $182 $204

Lower Atlantic $075 $213

Midwest $189 $197

Gulf Coast $177 $206

Rocky Mountain $176 $201

West Coast $207 $244

NATIONAL AVERAGE $182 $216

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $253 $250

Central Atlantic $207 $238

Lower Atlantic $199 $220

Midwest $167 $206

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain $162 $206

West Coast $239 $256

NATIONAL AVERAGE $214 $224

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $251

Central Atlantic $217 $211

Lower Atlantic $231 $192

Midwest $192 $167

Gulf Coast $199 $158

Rocky Mountain $167 $188

West Coast $244 $237

NATIONAL AVERAGE $205 $185

TABLE 12 a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 12 d - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $258 $290

Central Atlantic $134 $320

Lower Atlantic $382 $284

Midwest $161 $249

Gulf Coast $131 $315

Rocky Mountain $243 $289

West Coast $302 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $200 $291

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $214 $270

Central Atlantic $221 $270

Lower Atlantic $204 $232

Midwest $205 $232

Gulf Coast $199 $212

Rocky Mountain --- $221

West Coast $228 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $220 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $235

Central Atlantic $161 $698

Lower Atlantic $350 $289

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $227

Rocky Mountain --- $240

West Coast $341 $339

NATIONAL AVERAGE $326 $320

TABLE 12 e - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 f - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 g - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

22

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2007 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5)

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

B99B100

FIGURE 14  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 15  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

9 httpctaornlgovdata10 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote11 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430012 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today13 See footnote 12 above

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)10 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)11 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 13 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)12 130

Propane 137

TABLE 14 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85) 13 147

Propane 154

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 339 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

24

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (GGE)

Region E85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $326 $212 $114

Central Atlantic $276 $201 $075

Lower Atlantic $250 $193 $057

Midwest $220 $183 $037

Gulf Coast $207 $166 $041

Rocky Mountain $243 $184 $059

West Coast $308 $260 $048

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$242 $198 $044

TABLE 16aPROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES

BY REGION (GGE)

Region LPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $396 $212 $184

Central Atlantic $382 $201 $181

Lower Atlantic $390 $193 $197

Midwest $336 $183 $153

Gulf Coast $416 $166 $250

Rocky Mountain $395 $184 $211

West Coast $403 $260 $143

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$390 $198 $192

TABLE 16b

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $254 $250 $004

Central Atlantic $238 $227 $011

Lower Atlantic $233 $219 $014

Midwest $235 $205 $030

Gulf Coast $214 $201 $013

Rocky Mountain $225 $205 $020

West Coast $279 $255 $024

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$246 $223 $023

TABLE 16c

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B99B100 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $258 $250 $009

Central Atlantic $473 $227 $246

Lower Atlantic $343 $219 $124

Midwest --- $205 ---

Gulf Coast $251 $201 $050

Rocky Mountain $264 $205 $059

West Coast $373 $255 $118

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$353 $223 $130

TABLE 16d

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 and 6)

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afprnwttechcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

• Summary of Current Report Information
• Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
• CNG (Relative to Gasoline)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Gasoline
• CNG (Relative to Diesel)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Diesel
• Ethanol (E85)
• Historical Ethanol Prices vs Gasoline
• Propane (LPG) Relative to Gasoline
• Historical Propane (LPG) Prices vs Gasoline
• Biodiesel Blends B20
• Historical B20 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel Blends B99B100
• Historical B99B100 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel B99B100
• Biodiesel B20
• Propane
• Ethanol (E85)
• CNG
• Diesel
• Gasoline
• Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
• Methodology
• Historical Alternative Fuel Prices from Previous Reports
• Acknowledgements
• Comparison of Prices This Report vs Last Report
• Welcome to the July 2015 issue

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

18

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last ReportThe following tables summarize the average retail prices submitted for this report by region and compare them to prices submitted for the October 2015 Alternative Fuel Price Report It should be noted that a portion of the price changes may be attributed to differing sample sizes and locations between the two reports

GASOLINE ($ per gallon)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 241 212 -029 -1203

Central Atlantic 220 201 -019 -864

Lower Atlantic 215 193 -022 -1023

Midwest 236 183 -053 -2246

Gulf Coast 197 166 -031 -1574

Rocky Mountain 235 184 -051 -2170

West Coast 276 260 -016 -580

NATIONAL AVERAGE 235 198 -037 -1574

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 272 250 -022 -809

Central Atlantic 273 227 -046 -1685

Lower Atlantic 248 219 -029 -1169

Midwest 247 205 -042 -1700

Gulf Coast 227 201 -026 -1145

Rocky Mountain 246 205 -041 -1667

West Coast 280 255 -025 -893

NATIONAL AVERAGE 259 223 -036 -1390

DIESEL ($ per gallon)

CNG ($ per GGE)

Region Price for October 2015

Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 244 245 001 041

Central Atlantic 199 197 -002 -101

Lower Atlantic 207 206 -001 -048

Midwest 203 195 -008 -394

Gulf Coast 204 203 -001 -049

Rocky Mountain 189 191 002 106

West Coast 237 240 003 127

NATIONAL AVERAGE 209 209 000 000

CNG

TABLE 11 a

TABLE 11 b

TABLE 11 c

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 278 251 -027 -971

Central Atlantic 241 212 -029 -1203

Lower Atlantic 207 192 -015 -725

Midwest 211 169 -042 -1991

Gulf Coast 192 159 -033 -1719

Rocky Mountain 220 187 -033 -1500

West Coast 262 237 -025 -954

NATIONAL AVERAGE 218 186 -032 -1468

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 284 289 005 176

Central Atlantic 268 279 011 410

Lower Atlantic 296 285 -011 -372

Midwest 270 245 -025 -926

Gulf Coast 299 304 005 167

Rocky Mountain 291 288 -003 -103

West Coast 296 294 -002 -068

NATIONAL AVERAGE 290 285 -005 -172

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 270 249 -021 -778

Central Atlantic 260 233 -027 -1038

Lower Atlantic 256 228 -028 -1094

Midwest 253 230 -023 -909

Gulf Coast 251 210 -041 -1633

Rocky Mountain 255 221 -034 -1333

West Coast 296 274 -022 -743

NATIONAL AVERAGE 266 241 -025 -940

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 262 235 -027 -1031

Central Atlantic 582 430 -152 -2612

Lower Atlantic 333 312 -021 -631

Midwest 246 --- --- ---

Gulf Coast 249 228 -021 -843

Rocky Mountain 259 240 -019 -734

West Coast 353 339 -014 -397

NATIONAL AVERAGE 340 321 -019 -559

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 11 d

TABLE 11 e

TABLE 11 f

TABLE 11 g

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

20

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3101 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 360 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3461 prices

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $213 $212

Central Atlantic $199 $201

Lower Atlantic $200 $193

Midwest $221 $181

Gulf Coast --- $166

Rocky Mountain $187 $184

West Coast $263 $259

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $196

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $202 $250

Central Atlantic $182 $204

Lower Atlantic $075 $213

Midwest $189 $197

Gulf Coast $177 $206

Rocky Mountain $176 $201

West Coast $207 $244

NATIONAL AVERAGE $182 $216

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $253 $250

Central Atlantic $207 $238

Lower Atlantic $199 $220

Midwest $167 $206

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain $162 $206

West Coast $239 $256

NATIONAL AVERAGE $214 $224

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $251

Central Atlantic $217 $211

Lower Atlantic $231 $192

Midwest $192 $167

Gulf Coast $199 $158

Rocky Mountain $167 $188

West Coast $244 $237

NATIONAL AVERAGE $205 $185

TABLE 12 a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 12 d - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $258 $290

Central Atlantic $134 $320

Lower Atlantic $382 $284

Midwest $161 $249

Gulf Coast $131 $315

Rocky Mountain $243 $289

West Coast $302 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $200 $291

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $214 $270

Central Atlantic $221 $270

Lower Atlantic $204 $232

Midwest $205 $232

Gulf Coast $199 $212

Rocky Mountain --- $221

West Coast $228 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $220 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $235

Central Atlantic $161 $698

Lower Atlantic $350 $289

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $227

Rocky Mountain --- $240

West Coast $341 $339

NATIONAL AVERAGE $326 $320

TABLE 12 e - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 f - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 g - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

22

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2007 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5)

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

B99B100

FIGURE 14  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 15  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

9 httpctaornlgovdata10 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote11 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430012 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today13 See footnote 12 above

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)10 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)11 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 13 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)12 130

Propane 137

TABLE 14 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85) 13 147

Propane 154

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 339 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

24

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (GGE)

Region E85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $326 $212 $114

Central Atlantic $276 $201 $075

Lower Atlantic $250 $193 $057

Midwest $220 $183 $037

Gulf Coast $207 $166 $041

Rocky Mountain $243 $184 $059

West Coast $308 $260 $048

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$242 $198 $044

TABLE 16aPROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES

BY REGION (GGE)

Region LPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $396 $212 $184

Central Atlantic $382 $201 $181

Lower Atlantic $390 $193 $197

Midwest $336 $183 $153

Gulf Coast $416 $166 $250

Rocky Mountain $395 $184 $211

West Coast $403 $260 $143

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$390 $198 $192

TABLE 16b

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $254 $250 $004

Central Atlantic $238 $227 $011

Lower Atlantic $233 $219 $014

Midwest $235 $205 $030

Gulf Coast $214 $201 $013

Rocky Mountain $225 $205 $020

West Coast $279 $255 $024

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$246 $223 $023

TABLE 16c

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B99B100 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $258 $250 $009

Central Atlantic $473 $227 $246

Lower Atlantic $343 $219 $124

Midwest --- $205 ---

Gulf Coast $251 $201 $050

Rocky Mountain $264 $205 $059

West Coast $373 $255 $118

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$353 $223 $130

TABLE 16d

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 and 6)

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afprnwttechcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

• Summary of Current Report Information
• Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
• CNG (Relative to Gasoline)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Gasoline
• CNG (Relative to Diesel)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Diesel
• Ethanol (E85)
• Historical Ethanol Prices vs Gasoline
• Propane (LPG) Relative to Gasoline
• Historical Propane (LPG) Prices vs Gasoline
• Biodiesel Blends B20
• Historical B20 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel Blends B99B100
• Historical B99B100 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel B99B100
• Biodiesel B20
• Propane
• Ethanol (E85)
• CNG
• Diesel
• Gasoline
• Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
• Methodology
• Historical Alternative Fuel Prices from Previous Reports
• Acknowledgements
• Comparison of Prices This Report vs Last Report
• Welcome to the July 2015 issue

19

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Comparison Of Prices This Report Versus Last Report cont

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 278 251 -027 -971

Central Atlantic 241 212 -029 -1203

Lower Atlantic 207 192 -015 -725

Midwest 211 169 -042 -1991

Gulf Coast 192 159 -033 -1719

Rocky Mountain 220 187 -033 -1500

West Coast 262 237 -025 -954

NATIONAL AVERAGE 218 186 -032 -1468

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 284 289 005 176

Central Atlantic 268 279 011 410

Lower Atlantic 296 285 -011 -372

Midwest 270 245 -025 -926

Gulf Coast 299 304 005 167

Rocky Mountain 291 288 -003 -103

West Coast 296 294 -002 -068

NATIONAL AVERAGE 290 285 -005 -172

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 270 249 -021 -778

Central Atlantic 260 233 -027 -1038

Lower Atlantic 256 228 -028 -1094

Midwest 253 230 -023 -909

Gulf Coast 251 210 -041 -1633

Rocky Mountain 255 221 -034 -1333

West Coast 296 274 -022 -743

NATIONAL AVERAGE 266 241 -025 -940

Region Price for Oct 2015 Price for January 2016 Difference in $ Difference in

New England 262 235 -027 -1031

Central Atlantic 582 430 -152 -2612

Lower Atlantic 333 312 -021 -631

Midwest 246 --- --- ---

Gulf Coast 249 228 -021 -843

Rocky Mountain 259 240 -019 -734

West Coast 353 339 -014 -397

NATIONAL AVERAGE 340 321 -019 -559

ETHANOL (E85)

($ per gallon)

PROPANE ($ per gallon)

BIODIESELB20

($ per gallon)

LPG

BIODIESELB99B100

($ per gallon)

TABLE 11 d

TABLE 11 e

TABLE 11 f

TABLE 11 g

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

20

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3101 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 360 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3461 prices

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $213 $212

Central Atlantic $199 $201

Lower Atlantic $200 $193

Midwest $221 $181

Gulf Coast --- $166

Rocky Mountain $187 $184

West Coast $263 $259

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $196

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $202 $250

Central Atlantic $182 $204

Lower Atlantic $075 $213

Midwest $189 $197

Gulf Coast $177 $206

Rocky Mountain $176 $201

West Coast $207 $244

NATIONAL AVERAGE $182 $216

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $253 $250

Central Atlantic $207 $238

Lower Atlantic $199 $220

Midwest $167 $206

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain $162 $206

West Coast $239 $256

NATIONAL AVERAGE $214 $224

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $251

Central Atlantic $217 $211

Lower Atlantic $231 $192

Midwest $192 $167

Gulf Coast $199 $158

Rocky Mountain $167 $188

West Coast $244 $237

NATIONAL AVERAGE $205 $185

TABLE 12 a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 12 d - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $258 $290

Central Atlantic $134 $320

Lower Atlantic $382 $284

Midwest $161 $249

Gulf Coast $131 $315

Rocky Mountain $243 $289

West Coast $302 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $200 $291

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $214 $270

Central Atlantic $221 $270

Lower Atlantic $204 $232

Midwest $205 $232

Gulf Coast $199 $212

Rocky Mountain --- $221

West Coast $228 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $220 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $235

Central Atlantic $161 $698

Lower Atlantic $350 $289

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $227

Rocky Mountain --- $240

West Coast $341 $339

NATIONAL AVERAGE $326 $320

TABLE 12 e - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 f - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 g - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

22

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2007 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5)

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

B99B100

FIGURE 14  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 15  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

9 httpctaornlgovdata10 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote11 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430012 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today13 See footnote 12 above

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)10 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)11 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 13 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)12 130

Propane 137

TABLE 14 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85) 13 147

Propane 154

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 339 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

24

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (GGE)

Region E85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $326 $212 $114

Central Atlantic $276 $201 $075

Lower Atlantic $250 $193 $057

Midwest $220 $183 $037

Gulf Coast $207 $166 $041

Rocky Mountain $243 $184 $059

West Coast $308 $260 $048

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$242 $198 $044

TABLE 16aPROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES

BY REGION (GGE)

Region LPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $396 $212 $184

Central Atlantic $382 $201 $181

Lower Atlantic $390 $193 $197

Midwest $336 $183 $153

Gulf Coast $416 $166 $250

Rocky Mountain $395 $184 $211

West Coast $403 $260 $143

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$390 $198 $192

TABLE 16b

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $254 $250 $004

Central Atlantic $238 $227 $011

Lower Atlantic $233 $219 $014

Midwest $235 $205 $030

Gulf Coast $214 $201 $013

Rocky Mountain $225 $205 $020

West Coast $279 $255 $024

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$246 $223 $023

TABLE 16c

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B99B100 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $258 $250 $009

Central Atlantic $473 $227 $246

Lower Atlantic $343 $219 $124

Midwest --- $205 ---

Gulf Coast $251 $201 $050

Rocky Mountain $264 $205 $059

West Coast $373 $255 $118

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$353 $223 $130

TABLE 16d

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 and 6)

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afprnwttechcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

• Summary of Current Report Information
• Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
• CNG (Relative to Gasoline)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Gasoline
• CNG (Relative to Diesel)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Diesel
• Ethanol (E85)
• Historical Ethanol Prices vs Gasoline
• Propane (LPG) Relative to Gasoline
• Historical Propane (LPG) Prices vs Gasoline
• Biodiesel Blends B20
• Historical B20 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel Blends B99B100
• Historical B99B100 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel B99B100
• Biodiesel B20
• Propane
• Ethanol (E85)
• CNG
• Diesel
• Gasoline
• Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
• Methodology
• Historical Alternative Fuel Prices from Previous Reports
• Acknowledgements
• Comparison of Prices This Report vs Last Report
• Welcome to the July 2015 issue

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

20

Price Comparison By Region For Public amp Private Refueling StationsThe tables below summarize average retail fuel prices contained in this report sorted by type of refueling station ie ldquoprivaterdquo or ldquopublicrdquo The stations classified as ldquopublicrdquo are open to the general public The majority of the stations classified as ldquoprivaterdquo are operated by state or local government agencies transit agencies utility districts colleges or universities or military facilities They serve the host agencyrsquos fleets and may have contractual or other arrangements in place to sell fuel to other government agencies andor selected other fleets In some cases contracts may include billing accounting or fleet service management fees that are rolled into the price of the fuel

For this report there were 3101 prices submitted from ldquopublicrdquo refueling stations and 360 prices submitted from ldquoprivaterdquo refueling stations for a total of 3461 prices

As with the other prices in this report these prices include state and federal taxes as described in the Methodology section of this document

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $213 $212

Central Atlantic $199 $201

Lower Atlantic $200 $193

Midwest $221 $181

Gulf Coast --- $166

Rocky Mountain $187 $184

West Coast $263 $259

NATIONAL AVERAGE $223 $196

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $202 $250

Central Atlantic $182 $204

Lower Atlantic $075 $213

Midwest $189 $197

Gulf Coast $177 $206

Rocky Mountain $176 $201

West Coast $207 $244

NATIONAL AVERAGE $182 $216

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $253 $250

Central Atlantic $207 $238

Lower Atlantic $199 $220

Midwest $167 $206

Gulf Coast --- $201

Rocky Mountain $162 $206

West Coast $239 $256

NATIONAL AVERAGE $214 $224

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $251

Central Atlantic $217 $211

Lower Atlantic $231 $192

Midwest $192 $167

Gulf Coast $199 $158

Rocky Mountain $167 $188

West Coast $244 $237

NATIONAL AVERAGE $205 $185

TABLE 12 a - GasolineAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 b - DieselAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 c - CNGAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($GGE)

TABLE 12 d - E85Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $258 $290

Central Atlantic $134 $320

Lower Atlantic $382 $284

Midwest $161 $249

Gulf Coast $131 $315

Rocky Mountain $243 $289

West Coast $302 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $200 $291

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $214 $270

Central Atlantic $221 $270

Lower Atlantic $204 $232

Midwest $205 $232

Gulf Coast $199 $212

Rocky Mountain --- $221

West Coast $228 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $220 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $235

Central Atlantic $161 $698

Lower Atlantic $350 $289

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $227

Rocky Mountain --- $240

West Coast $341 $339

NATIONAL AVERAGE $326 $320

TABLE 12 e - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 f - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 g - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

22

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2007 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5)

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

B99B100

FIGURE 14  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 15  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

9 httpctaornlgovdata10 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote11 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430012 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today13 See footnote 12 above

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)10 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)11 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 13 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)12 130

Propane 137

TABLE 14 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85) 13 147

Propane 154

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 339 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

24

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (GGE)

Region E85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $326 $212 $114

Central Atlantic $276 $201 $075

Lower Atlantic $250 $193 $057

Midwest $220 $183 $037

Gulf Coast $207 $166 $041

Rocky Mountain $243 $184 $059

West Coast $308 $260 $048

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$242 $198 $044

TABLE 16aPROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES

BY REGION (GGE)

Region LPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $396 $212 $184

Central Atlantic $382 $201 $181

Lower Atlantic $390 $193 $197

Midwest $336 $183 $153

Gulf Coast $416 $166 $250

Rocky Mountain $395 $184 $211

West Coast $403 $260 $143

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$390 $198 $192

TABLE 16b

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $254 $250 $004

Central Atlantic $238 $227 $011

Lower Atlantic $233 $219 $014

Midwest $235 $205 $030

Gulf Coast $214 $201 $013

Rocky Mountain $225 $205 $020

West Coast $279 $255 $024

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$246 $223 $023

TABLE 16c

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B99B100 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $258 $250 $009

Central Atlantic $473 $227 $246

Lower Atlantic $343 $219 $124

Midwest --- $205 ---

Gulf Coast $251 $201 $050

Rocky Mountain $264 $205 $059

West Coast $373 $255 $118

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$353 $223 $130

TABLE 16d

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 and 6)

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afprnwttechcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

• Summary of Current Report Information
• Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
• CNG (Relative to Gasoline)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Gasoline
• CNG (Relative to Diesel)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Diesel
• Ethanol (E85)
• Historical Ethanol Prices vs Gasoline
• Propane (LPG) Relative to Gasoline
• Historical Propane (LPG) Prices vs Gasoline
• Biodiesel Blends B20
• Historical B20 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel Blends B99B100
• Historical B99B100 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel B99B100
• Biodiesel B20
• Propane
• Ethanol (E85)
• CNG
• Diesel
• Gasoline
• Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
• Methodology
• Historical Alternative Fuel Prices from Previous Reports
• Acknowledgements
• Comparison of Prices This Report vs Last Report
• Welcome to the July 2015 issue

21

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $258 $290

Central Atlantic $134 $320

Lower Atlantic $382 $284

Midwest $161 $249

Gulf Coast $131 $315

Rocky Mountain $243 $289

West Coast $302 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $200 $291

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England $214 $270

Central Atlantic $221 $270

Lower Atlantic $204 $232

Midwest $205 $232

Gulf Coast $199 $212

Rocky Mountain --- $221

West Coast $228 $293

NATIONAL AVERAGE $220 $252

Comparison Of Prices By Region For Public amp Private Refueling Stations cont

Region PRIVATE PUBLIC

New England --- $235

Central Atlantic $161 $698

Lower Atlantic $350 $289

Midwest --- ---

Gulf Coast --- $227

Rocky Mountain --- $240

West Coast $341 $339

NATIONAL AVERAGE $326 $320

TABLE 12 e - PropaneAverage Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 f - B20Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

TABLE 12 g - B99B100Average Retail Price by Refueling Station Type ($gal)

--- indicates no data points were submitted for this region

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

22

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2007 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5)

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

B99B100

FIGURE 14  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 15  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

9 httpctaornlgovdata10 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote11 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430012 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today13 See footnote 12 above

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)10 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)11 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 13 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)12 130

Propane 137

TABLE 14 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85) 13 147

Propane 154

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 339 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

24

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (GGE)

Region E85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $326 $212 $114

Central Atlantic $276 $201 $075

Lower Atlantic $250 $193 $057

Midwest $220 $183 $037

Gulf Coast $207 $166 $041

Rocky Mountain $243 $184 $059

West Coast $308 $260 $048

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$242 $198 $044

TABLE 16aPROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES

BY REGION (GGE)

Region LPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $396 $212 $184

Central Atlantic $382 $201 $181

Lower Atlantic $390 $193 $197

Midwest $336 $183 $153

Gulf Coast $416 $166 $250

Rocky Mountain $395 $184 $211

West Coast $403 $260 $143

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$390 $198 $192

TABLE 16b

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $254 $250 $004

Central Atlantic $238 $227 $011

Lower Atlantic $233 $219 $014

Midwest $235 $205 $030

Gulf Coast $214 $201 $013

Rocky Mountain $225 $205 $020

West Coast $279 $255 $024

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$246 $223 $023

TABLE 16c

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B99B100 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $258 $250 $009

Central Atlantic $473 $227 $246

Lower Atlantic $343 $219 $124

Midwest --- $205 ---

Gulf Coast $251 $201 $050

Rocky Mountain $264 $205 $059

West Coast $373 $255 $118

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$353 $223 $130

TABLE 16d

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 and 6)

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afprnwttechcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

• Summary of Current Report Information
• Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
• CNG (Relative to Gasoline)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Gasoline
• CNG (Relative to Diesel)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Diesel
• Ethanol (E85)
• Historical Ethanol Prices vs Gasoline
• Propane (LPG) Relative to Gasoline
• Historical Propane (LPG) Prices vs Gasoline
• Biodiesel Blends B20
• Historical B20 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel Blends B99B100
• Historical B99B100 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel B99B100
• Biodiesel B20
• Propane
• Ethanol (E85)
• CNG
• Diesel
• Gasoline
• Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
• Methodology
• Historical Alternative Fuel Prices from Previous Reports
• Acknowledgements
• Comparison of Prices This Report vs Last Report
• Welcome to the July 2015 issue

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

22

Historical Alternative Fuel Prices From Previous ReportsThe following graphs illustrate historical prices for the alternative fuels included in the Alternative Fuel Price Report from 2007 to the present relative to gasoline and diesel Compressed natural gas (in GGE) propane and ethanol (E85) have been graphed against gasoline prices while compressed natural gas (in DGE) and biodiesel blends (B20 and B99B100) have been graphed against diesel prices

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (GGE)Gasoline Ethanol (E85) Propane

$150

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

2010 2012 20142009 2011 lsquo162013 2015lsquo07 2008O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O OJ A J J

Natural Gas (DGE)Diesel Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B2B5)

$175

$200

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

$475

$500

Pric

e pe

r gal

lon

B99B100

FIGURE 14  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS GASOLINE

FIGURE 15  ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICES VERSUS DIESEL

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

9 httpctaornlgovdata10 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote11 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430012 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today13 See footnote 12 above

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)10 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)11 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 13 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)12 130

Propane 137

TABLE 14 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85) 13 147

Propane 154

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 339 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

24

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (GGE)

Region E85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $326 $212 $114

Central Atlantic $276 $201 $075

Lower Atlantic $250 $193 $057

Midwest $220 $183 $037

Gulf Coast $207 $166 $041

Rocky Mountain $243 $184 $059

West Coast $308 $260 $048

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$242 $198 $044

TABLE 16aPROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES

BY REGION (GGE)

Region LPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $396 $212 $184

Central Atlantic $382 $201 $181

Lower Atlantic $390 $193 $197

Midwest $336 $183 $153

Gulf Coast $416 $166 $250

Rocky Mountain $395 $184 $211

West Coast $403 $260 $143

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$390 $198 $192

TABLE 16b

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $254 $250 $004

Central Atlantic $238 $227 $011

Lower Atlantic $233 $219 $014

Midwest $235 $205 $030

Gulf Coast $214 $201 $013

Rocky Mountain $225 $205 $020

West Coast $279 $255 $024

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$246 $223 $023

TABLE 16c

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B99B100 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $258 $250 $009

Central Atlantic $473 $227 $246

Lower Atlantic $343 $219 $124

Midwest --- $205 ---

Gulf Coast $251 $201 $050

Rocky Mountain $264 $205 $059

West Coast $373 $255 $118

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$353 $223 $130

TABLE 16d

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 and 6)

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afprnwttechcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

• Summary of Current Report Information
• Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
• CNG (Relative to Gasoline)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Gasoline
• CNG (Relative to Diesel)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Diesel
• Ethanol (E85)
• Historical Ethanol Prices vs Gasoline
• Propane (LPG) Relative to Gasoline
• Historical Propane (LPG) Prices vs Gasoline
• Biodiesel Blends B20
• Historical B20 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel Blends B99B100
• Historical B99B100 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel B99B100
• Biodiesel B20
• Propane
• Ethanol (E85)
• CNG
• Diesel
• Gasoline
• Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
• Methodology
• Historical Alternative Fuel Prices from Previous Reports
• Acknowledgements
• Comparison of Prices This Report vs Last Report
• Welcome to the July 2015 issue

23

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels

9 httpctaornlgovdata10 According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Alternative Fuels Data Center the energy content of common gasoline baseline references (E0 E10 and indolene) varies between 112114 and 116090 Btugal We chose 114300 Btugal for the E10 energy content consistent with the Transportation Energy Data Book (TEDB) energy content of CNG in GGEs See next footnote11 (566 lbs of CNGGGE) x (20200 BTUlb) = 114332 rounded to 11430012 Most gasoline available throughout the United States today is a blend of 90 gasoline and up to 10 ethanol or E10 Additionally the E85 that is sold in the United States today actually contains on average approximately 70 ethanol E85 energy content for this report is therefore calculated as [(70) x (E100 energy content)] + [(30) x (E0 energy content)] to more closely reflect the actual energy content of E85 fuel available today13 See footnote 12 above

Fuel Lower Heating Value

Gasoline (E0) 115400 BTUgal

Gasoline (E10)10 114300 BTUgal

Diesel 128700 BTUgal

Biodiesel (B100) 117100 BTUgal

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)11 114300 BTUGGE

Ethanol (E100) 75700 BTUgal

Propane 83500 BTUgal

TABLE 13 Lower Heating Values

Conversion to GGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $GGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of gasoline (E10) BTUgal of alternative fuel

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $GGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 14

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 090

Biodiesel (B100) 098

CNG 100

Ethanol (E85)12 130

Propane 137

TABLE 14 Conversion Factors $gal to $GGE

Fuel Conversion Factor

Biodiesel (B20) 102

Biodiesel (B100) 110

CNG 113

Ethanol (E85) 13 147

Propane 154

TABLE 15 Conversion Factors $gal to $DGE

Conversion factors used to establish prices in dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent ($GGE) and dollars per diesel gallon equivalent ($DGE) were developed using the lower heating values from the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 339 and are listed to the left

In the case of CNG prices are provided to us in GGE so no conversion is necessary The representative heating value of CNG is provided in Table 13 as a reference

Conversion to DGE

The conversion factor used to convert the price of an alternative fuel from $gallon to $DGE is determined as follows

Conversion factor = BTUgal of diesel BTUgal of alternative fuel

For example the conversion factor used to convert a B100 price from $gal to $DGE is determined as follows

128700 BTUgal of diesel = 1099 rounded to 110 117100 BTUgal of B100

To calculate the price of an alternative fuel in $DGE multiply the price per gallon of the alternative fuel by the relevant conversion factor from Table 15

For example if the price of B100 is given as $300gal the $DGE is determined as follows ($300gal) x 110 = $330DGE

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

24

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (GGE)

Region E85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $326 $212 $114

Central Atlantic $276 $201 $075

Lower Atlantic $250 $193 $057

Midwest $220 $183 $037

Gulf Coast $207 $166 $041

Rocky Mountain $243 $184 $059

West Coast $308 $260 $048

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$242 $198 $044

TABLE 16aPROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES

BY REGION (GGE)

Region LPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $396 $212 $184

Central Atlantic $382 $201 $181

Lower Atlantic $390 $193 $197

Midwest $336 $183 $153

Gulf Coast $416 $166 $250

Rocky Mountain $395 $184 $211

West Coast $403 $260 $143

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$390 $198 $192

TABLE 16b

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $254 $250 $004

Central Atlantic $238 $227 $011

Lower Atlantic $233 $219 $014

Midwest $235 $205 $030

Gulf Coast $214 $201 $013

Rocky Mountain $225 $205 $020

West Coast $279 $255 $024

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$246 $223 $023

TABLE 16c

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B99B100 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $258 $250 $009

Central Atlantic $473 $227 $246

Lower Atlantic $343 $219 $124

Midwest --- $205 ---

Gulf Coast $251 $201 $050

Rocky Mountain $264 $205 $059

West Coast $373 $255 $118

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$353 $223 $130

TABLE 16d

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 and 6)

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afprnwttechcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

• Summary of Current Report Information
• Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
• CNG (Relative to Gasoline)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Gasoline
• CNG (Relative to Diesel)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Diesel
• Ethanol (E85)
• Historical Ethanol Prices vs Gasoline
• Propane (LPG) Relative to Gasoline
• Historical Propane (LPG) Prices vs Gasoline
• Biodiesel Blends B20
• Historical B20 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel Blends B99B100
• Historical B99B100 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel B99B100
• Biodiesel B20
• Propane
• Ethanol (E85)
• CNG
• Diesel
• Gasoline
• Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
• Methodology
• Historical Alternative Fuel Prices from Previous Reports
• Acknowledgements
• Comparison of Prices This Report vs Last Report
• Welcome to the July 2015 issue

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

24

ETHANOL (E85) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (GGE)

Region E85 Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $326 $212 $114

Central Atlantic $276 $201 $075

Lower Atlantic $250 $193 $057

Midwest $220 $183 $037

Gulf Coast $207 $166 $041

Rocky Mountain $243 $184 $059

West Coast $308 $260 $048

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$242 $198 $044

TABLE 16aPROPANE (LPG) AND GASOLINE AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES

BY REGION (GGE)

Region LPG Prices ($GGE)

Gasoline Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $396 $212 $184

Central Atlantic $382 $201 $181

Lower Atlantic $390 $193 $197

Midwest $336 $183 $153

Gulf Coast $416 $166 $250

Rocky Mountain $395 $184 $211

West Coast $403 $260 $143

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$390 $198 $192

TABLE 16b

BIODIESEL (B20) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B20 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $254 $250 $004

Central Atlantic $238 $227 $011

Lower Atlantic $233 $219 $014

Midwest $235 $205 $030

Gulf Coast $214 $201 $013

Rocky Mountain $225 $205 $020

West Coast $279 $255 $024

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$246 $223 $023

TABLE 16c

Negative numbers represent average E85 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis Negative numbers represent average propane prices that are lower than gasoline on a $GGE basis

Negative numbers represent average B20 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

BIODIESEL (B99B100) AND DIESEL AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES BY REGION (DGE)

Region B99B100 Prices ($DGE)

Diesel Prices ($gal)

Price Difference

New England $258 $250 $009

Central Atlantic $473 $227 $246

Lower Atlantic $343 $219 $124

Midwest --- $205 ---

Gulf Coast $251 $201 $050

Rocky Mountain $264 $205 $059

West Coast $373 $255 $118

NATIONAL AVERAGE

$353 $223 $130

TABLE 16d

Negative numbers represent average B99B100 prices that are lower than gasoline on a $DGE basis

Comparison of Prices on an Energy-Equivalent BasisThe following tables compare prices for E85 propane B20 and B99B100 to conventional fuels (gasoline and diesel) on an energy-equivalent basis (Natural gas is generally sold in gasoline gallon equivalents or diesel gallon equivalents so the natural gas ldquoprice at the pumprdquo can be directly compared to the price of the corresponding conventional fuel as shown in Tables 5 and 6)

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afprnwttechcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

• Summary of Current Report Information
• Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
• CNG (Relative to Gasoline)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Gasoline
• CNG (Relative to Diesel)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Diesel
• Ethanol (E85)
• Historical Ethanol Prices vs Gasoline
• Propane (LPG) Relative to Gasoline
• Historical Propane (LPG) Prices vs Gasoline
• Biodiesel Blends B20
• Historical B20 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel Blends B99B100
• Historical B99B100 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel B99B100
• Biodiesel B20
• Propane
• Ethanol (E85)
• CNG
• Diesel
• Gasoline
• Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
• Methodology
• Historical Alternative Fuel Prices from Previous Reports
• Acknowledgements
• Comparison of Prices This Report vs Last Report
• Welcome to the July 2015 issue

25

CLEAN CITIES ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT JANUARY 2016

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge all of the contributors from the Clean Cities community who have provided prices for this report we sincerely appreciate your continued dedication to the success of this report The authors would also like to acknowledge the continued support of DOE for developing this report

Would You Like To ParticipateIf you would like to provide prices for alternative fuels in your region and be part of the data collection effort for this report or if you have any questions please contact

US DOE Clean CitiesEE-3V1000 Independence Avenue SWWashington DC 20585Phone (202) 586-6459afprnwttechcom

DISCLAIMERThis document highlights work sponsored by agencies of the US Government Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or ser-vice by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement recommendation or favoring by the US Govern-ment or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof

For more information on this and other Clean Cities publications visit wwwcleancitiesenergygov or contact the Clean Cities Technical Response Service at 800-254-6735

• Summary of Current Report Information
• Gasoline and Diesel Prices Clean Cities and EIA Data
• CNG (Relative to Gasoline)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Gasoline
• CNG (Relative to Diesel)
• Historical CNG Prices vs Diesel
• Ethanol (E85)
• Historical Ethanol Prices vs Gasoline
• Propane (LPG) Relative to Gasoline
• Historical Propane (LPG) Prices vs Gasoline
• Biodiesel Blends B20
• Historical B20 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel Blends B99B100
• Historical B99B100 Prices vs Diesel
• Biodiesel B99B100
• Biodiesel B20
• Propane
• Ethanol (E85)
• CNG
• Diesel
• Gasoline
• Illustration of Conversion Factors for Fuels
• Methodology
• Historical Alternative Fuel Prices from Previous Reports
• Acknowledgements
• Comparison of Prices This Report vs Last Report
• Welcome to the July 2015 issue