Clauses A CLAUSE, like a phrase, is a group of related words used together as part of a sentence....
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Clauses • A CLAUSE, like a phrase, is a group of related words used together as part of a sentence. Clauses, however, contain a subject and verb, whereas phrases do not. Two kinds of clauses: • Independent-can stand alone as a sentence. aka- “main clause” • Subordinate-cannot stand alone. aka-”dependent clause”
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Transcript of Clauses A CLAUSE, like a phrase, is a group of related words used together as part of a sentence....
Clauses
• A CLAUSE, like a phrase, is a group of related words used together as part of a sentence. Clauses, however, contain a subject and verb, whereas phrases do not.
Two kinds of clauses:• Independent-can
stand alone as a sentence. aka- “main clause”
• Subordinate-cannot stand alone. aka-”dependent clause”
Clauses
• To form a sentence, you must combine the subordinate (dependent) with an independent clause.
• There are three kinds of subordinating clauses:
1. Adjective
2. Adverb
3. Noun
Adjective Clauses
• used as an adjective to modify a noun or a pronoun
• TELLS—what kind? or which one?
• MOST adjective clauses begin with a relative pronoun (whose, that, which, who, whom)
• Usually placed immediately after the word it modifies
The stamps that commemorate American locomotives feature four different models.
What is the adjective clause?
A) feature four
B) that commemorate American locomotives
C) feature four different models
Modifies which word?
D) locomotives
E) stamps
Snowmobiles are cars which you can ride on the snow.
What is the adjective clause?
A) which you can ride
B) which you can ride on the snow
C) can ride on the snow
Which modifies?
D) cars
E) snowmobiles
The grade I received was a shock.
What is the adjective clause?
A) (which) was a shockB) (that) the gradeC) (that) I receivedModifies which word?D) gradeE) shock
The people whose homes have been damaged will need special help.
What is the adjective clause?
A.Need special help
B.Homes have been damaged
C.Whose homes have been damaged
D.There isn’t an adj. clause
The stereo that she bought had a tape player in it.
What is the adjective clause?
A.That she bought
B.Had a tape player
C.She bought had a tape player in it
D.There isn’t one.
This is the bicycle that I want.
What is the adjective clause?
A.This is the bicycle
B.The bicycle that I want
C.That I want
D.There isn’t one
Adverb clause
• used as an adverb to modify a verb, an adjective, or an adverb.
• TELL—where, when, why, how, to what extent
______________________• most adverb clauses
begin with subordinating conjunctions—they are:
Time-after, as, as soon as, before, since, until, when, whenever, while
Cause-because, sinceComparison-as, as much
as, thanCondition-although, as long
as, even though, provided that, unless
Purpose-in order that, so that
Manner-as, as if, as thoughPlace-where, whenever
The sheriff posted the notice where everyone could see it.
What is the adverb clause?
A) could see it
B) where everyone could see it
C) posted the notice
Which modifies?
D) see
E) posted
Your face becomes red when you get embarrassed.
What is the adverb clause?
A) becomes red
B) when you get embarrassed
C) get embarrassed
Which modifies?
D) face
E) red
The cave was darker than you can imagine.
What is the adverb clause?
A) was darker
B) than you can imagine
C) can imagine
Which modifies?
D) darker
E) cave
After work, we’ll go out.
What is the adverb clause?
A.After work
B.Go out
C.None
While Susie vacuumed the hall, Wayne made the beds.
What is the adverb clause?
A.Made the beds
B.While Susie
C.While Susie vacuumed the halls
Noun Clauses
-function as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, predicate nominatives, and object of prepositions
-Some of the words that introduce noun clauses are that, whether, who, why, whom, what, how, when, whoever, where, and whomever.
-Notice that some of these words also introduce adjective and adverb clauses. (To check a noun clause substitute the pronoun it or the proper form of the pronouns he or she for the noun clause.) Examples: I know who said that. (I know it.) Whoever said it is wrong. (He is wrong.)
My question is how do I load this computer program.
What is the noun clause?
A) this computer program
B) how do I load this computer program
How is it used?C) D.O.D) I.O.E) PN
Give whoever comes in last a consolation prize.
What is the noun clause?
A) a consolation prize
B) whoever comes in last
How is it used?
C) D.O.
D) I.O.
E) PN
Where the fugitives are remains a mystery to the police.
What is the noun clause?
A) remains a mystery to the police
B) where the fugitives are
How it is used?C) DOD) PNE) S
Tell us about how the Metro works in Paris.
What is the noun clause?
A. about how the Metro works
B. Works in Paris
C. how the Metro works in Paris
D. Tell us about
Give the package to whoever opens the door.
What is the noun clause?
A.Give the package
B.Whoever opens the door
C.Opens the door
Sentence Structure
SIMPLE: 1 independent clause + no subordinate
The candidate is confident.
COMPOUND: 2 or more independent clauses that are joined together
Everyone stopped work, and the factory became silent
Sentence Structure
COMPLEX: 1 independent clause + 1 or more subordinate clauses
When you leave, shut the door. (shut the door can stand alone)
COMPOUND-COMPLEX: 2 more independent clauses and one or more subordinate clauses.
When the ice melted, heavy rains began, and the streets flooded.
All of the children and their parents enjoyed the show.
A. Simple
B. Compound
C. Complex
D. Compound-Complex
Occasionally I find someone who does not like my jokes, but everything changes when I tell
him my motto.
A. Simple
B. Compound
C. Complex
D. Compound-Complex
After we got on the bus, we realized that we didn’t have enough money for
our fares. A. Simple
B. Compound
C. Complex
D. Compound-Complex
Did you sleep though the storm; I hope that you will call me.
A. Simple
B. Compound
C. Complex
D. Compound-Complex
