Classification

How would you classify these

shapes?

Level 1 Classification

Blue Pink

Level 2 Classification

Square Heart

Circle Triangle

Which level is more specific?

Square Heart

Circle Triangle

Blue Pink

A. Level 1

B. Level 2

Why is Classification Important?

• To Study the Diversity of Life

• To name organisms

• Group organisms in a logical manner that has a biological meaning

King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti

ingdom

hylum

lass

rder

amily

enus

pecies

• K

• P

• C

• O

• F

• G

• S

Seven classification groups of living things

Broadest

More Specific

Most Specific

At what classification level do we (humans and lions) go our

separate ways?

A. Phylum (Chordata)

B. Class (Mammalia)

C. Order (Carnivora)

D. Family (Felidae)

Human Classification

• Kingdom

• Phylum

• Class

• Order

• Family

• Genus

• Species

Animalia

Chordata

Mammalia

Primates

Hominidae

Homo

Sapiens

The 3 domains

• Archaea (Prokaryote)

• Bacteria (Prokaryote)

• Eukaryotes (Eukaryote)

The 6 kingdoms

• Archea– Archaebacteria

• Bacteria– Eubacteria

• Eukaryotes– Fungi

– Protista

– Animalia

– Plantae

Archaea• Unicellular

• Prokaryotic

• No peptidoglycan in cell wall

• Live in extreme environments:– Oxygen-free

environments

– Concentrated salt-water

– Hot, acidic water

Bacteria• Unicellular

• Prokaryotic

• Peptidoglycan in cell wall

• “Common bacteria”

• Found everywhere

• Heterotrophs

– Parasites: live off of other organisms

– Saprobes: live off of dead organisms or waste (recyclers)

• Autotrophs

– Photosynthetic: make their own food from light

– Chemosynthetic: Get energy by breaking down inorganic

substances like sulfur and nitrogen

Protista• Eukaryotic

• Unicellular or colonial

• Lots of different life styles

–Animal-like

–Plant-like

–Fungus-like

Animal-Like Protists

• Amoebas-the blobs– Move using pseudopods

• Flagellates- the motorboats– Use a whip-like extension called a

flagella to move

• Ciliates-the hairy ones– Move beating tiny hairs called cilia

• Sporazoans-the parasites– Do not move

Plant-Like Protists

• Euglenoids-the survivors– Can move around and eat food when light is not

availabl for photosynthesis

• Diatoms-the golden ones– Shells made of silica

– Photosynthetic pigment called carotenoid gives them a golden color

• Dinoflagellates-the spinning ones– Spin around on two flagella

– Cause red tides

• Red, Brown, & Green Algae

Fungus-Like Protists

• Plasmodium Slime Molds

• Cellular Slime Molds

• Water Molds & Downy Mildews

Fungi–Eukaryotic & Multicellular

(except yeast)

–Cell walls made of chitin

–External heterotrophs

• Mushrooms

• Yeast

• Lichen

• Molds

Plantae

–Eukaryotic & Multicellular

–Cell walls made of

cellulose

–Autotrophic

Animalia

–Eukaryotic & Multicellular

–No cell walls

–Internal heterotrophs

Which kingdom has a cell wall

made with peptidoglycan?

A. Fungi

B. Bacteria

C. Plants

D. Archaea

Which kingdom has a cell wall

made with cellulose?

A. Mushrooms

B. Bacteria

C. Plants

D. Archaea

Which kingdom has external

heterotrophs?

A. Fungi

B. Mammals

C. Plants

D. Animalia

Which kingdom has multi-

cellular organisms?

A. Protista

B. Fungi

C. Bacteria

D. Archaea

Which Similiarities are most

Important?

A. Looks

B. Habitat

C. Food

D. Locomotion

E. Evolution

– Phylogeny-evolutionary relationships among

organisms

• Scientists group organisms based on evolutionary descent or phylogeny

Domain

Set 1 (Domains)

Archaea Bacteria Eukarya

#2

#1#3#4#5

#6

Kingdom

Set 2 (Kingdoms)

Domain: Eukarya

ArchaeaBacteriaProtists

Animalia Fungi Plantae

#1

#9

#2

#3#4

#5

#6#7#8

Phylum

Set 3 (Some Phyla)Domain: Eukarya, Kingdom: Animalia

#2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 19

Cnidaria(Coral & Jellyfish)

Porifera(Sponges)

Platyhelminthes(Flatworms)

Annelida(Segmented Worms)

Mollusca(Octopus & Snails)

Arthropoda(Insects & Crustaceans)

Echinoderms(Sand Dollars & Starfish)

#4, 9, 10, 15, 21

#1, 16, 23, 36

#1, 13, 18, 20, 24, 25

#8, 11, 12, 22

#1, 6, 25 #1, 17, 27

Class

Set 4 (Some Classes)Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata

Chondrichthyes

(Sharks & Rays)

#7, 12

Osteichthyes

(Fish)

#4, 6, 15

Aves

(Birds)

#10, 13, 21

Amphibia

#1, 3, 16, 20

Reptilia

#8, 11, 14, 18

Mammalia

#2, 5, 9, 14, 17

Order

Set 4 (Some Orders)Phylum: Chordata, Class: Mammalia

Lagomorpha

(Rabbits)

#

Chiroptera

(Bats)

#

Pinnepedea(Seals & Sea Lions)

#

Carnivora

#

Rodentia

#

Proboscidea(Elephants)

#

Primates

#

Sirenia(Manatee)

#

Which Similiarities are most

Important?

A. Looks

B. Habitat

C. Food

D. Locomotion

E. Evolution

– Phylogeny-evolutionary relationships among

organisms

• Scientists group organisms based on evolutionary descent or phylogeny

What is phylogeny?

A. Classification of organisms

B. Evolutionary relationships between organisms

C. A level of classification

D. A phylo of geny

Name that organism

• Taxonomy-scientists classify organisms and assign each organism a universally accepted name.

Which level of classification is more

specific that Genus?

A. Kingdom

B. Class

C. Family

D. Species

Binomial Nomenclature

• Developed by Linnaeus

• Two-name system

• Each organism has a genus

and a species name

• First name (genus); second name (species)

Binomial Nomenclature

• Combination of the genus and

species name of an organism is a

scientific name

• Scientific names of organisms are

always italicized or underlined

• Genus name is capitalized

• Species name is lower-case

Tyrannosaurus rex

Tyrannosaurus Rex

A.Dinosaur

B.Dog

C.Lizard

D.Next Door Neighbor

Is this written correctly?

• Yes

• No

Canis familiaris

canis familiaris

A.Wolf

B.Dog

C.Coyote

D.Man’s Best Friend

Is this written correctly?

• Yes

• No

Canis lupus

Canis lupus

A.Wolf

B.Dog

C.Coyote

D.Man’s Best Friend

Is this written correctly?

• Yes

• No

Homosapien

Homo sapien

A.Dinosaur

B.Dog

C.Lizard

D.Next Door Neighbor

Is this written correctly?

• Yes

• No

Trichechus manatus

Trichechus manatus

A.Woolley Mammoth

B.Manatee

C.Trichomonas Disease

D.Next Door Neighbor

Is this written correctly?

• Yes

• No

Felis domestica

A.Cat

B.Lion

C.Tiger

D.Cheetah

Is this written correctly?

• Yes

• No

Which phylum includes humans,

snakes, and sharks?

A. Mammalia

B. Chordata

C. Carnivora

D. Animalia

What is the scientific name of

the Green Iguana?

A. Iguana

delicatissima

B. Cyclura cornuta

C. Iguana iguana

D. Ctenosaura

hemilopha