Class Presentation 1302

8/4/2019 Class Presentation 1302

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New Testament Survey

For everything that was written in the past was written to teach us,

so that through endurance and the encouragement of the Scriptures we

might have hope. Romans 15:4


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New Testament

Man does not live on bread alone,

but on every

that proceeds

from the mouth of God . Matt. 4:4

There are 27 books in the New TestamentThere are four major parts/genres:

1. Gospels

2. Church History

3. Letters

4. Apocalypse

The major character is Jesus Christ.

The reason we should read the New Testament is that it gives us a reliable source to use to make

good ethical choices, develop sound relationships and get a reliable history of Jesus Christ and the

church.

A canon is the standard by which religious beliefs or documents are to be judged.It mainly refers to

the standard that was used to determine what books should belong in the bible.

Things you should knowAbout the New Testament


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New Testament

Man does not live on read alone,

but on every

that proceeds

from the mouth of God . Matt. 4:4

How the New Testament

was Handed Down

1. Written by an apostle

2. Written by some who has a direct association with an apostle

3. Universal acceptance

4. Consistent with doctrine

The New Testament was canonized in 357 c.e.

There are no original copies. All copies until 1455 c.e. were done by hand. This transmission was not

with the possibilities of error.

Evolution of the Bible including the New Testament

OT LXX Koine Greek (357 c.e)Vulgate-LatinGreek Text (Erasmus)Wickliffe English 1384Tyndale 1534

KJV (1611) American Standard (1901) NIV (1970)

Events to remember: Gutenberg press (1455), Martin Luther Reformation (1517)Vocabs to remember: Codex (book form); Gnosticism: knowledge leads to salvation; Codex Sinaitus: oldestCopy of New Testament.

Memory verse: 2TI 3:16 All scripture is inspired by God and is good for correction, training and teaching.

The canon is the standard by which the books of the bible were judged to be acceptable.The criteria was:


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Try to copy this with error:

INTHE BEGINNINGWASTHEWORDANDTHEWOR

DBECAMEFLESHANDLIVEAMONGUS

New Testament

For everything that was written in

the past was written

to teach us so that through endurance andthe encouragement of the Scriptures wemight have hope. Rom 15:4.

There can be no transmission without error.Old scribal proverb.


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New Testament




The Two Worlds in whichChristianity was born:

A Tale of Two Worlds: Jewish and GreekChristianity originated in two worlds: Jewish and Greek.

Jewish World:--They believed in one God (Monotheism (Deut. 6:4)

--The followed the Torah (1st five books of Hebrew Bible)

--Divine Promise made in Covenant

--United by symbol was the temple (Deut. 12)

--United by the holidays-feast

Greek World--Hellenism: influence of Greek thought and culture in

the world--Philosophy: Think Like a Greek

--Platonic: Truth leads to immortality

--Stoicism: Man has within him reasoning ability to

bring him in harmony with the universe

--Epicureanism: Seek pleasure, not pain

--Greco-Roman: Polytheism (many gods)

--The Big 12 Olympians

--Dionysus: died, went to hell,went to heaven likeChrist, emphasized wine

--Mithras: baptism, communal meals and celibacy

like Christianity

--Women deities like the Egyptian goddess Isis

Who stood for redemption and salvation.


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New Testament




The Troubled World in whichJesus was born:

A Time of Rule and Revolt.The following is a general survey of the rule and revolts

That was part of the troubled world of Jesus.

Alexander the Great Empire split (323 B.C.E).

Ptolemaic (Egypt) and Seleucid (Syria)

Greek Rule

REVOLT

Maccabean Revolt grows from Hasidim

loyalists (168-). Israel becomes independent

in 142 B.C.E.

Jewish Hasmonean King rule (142-140).

They fight among themselves.

Jewish Rule

Herod the Great is set up as puppet king.

He rebuilds temple. Rome controls. 40 B.C.E.

Roman Rule

Rome gets involved in infighting and

Takes over rule of Palestine (63 B.C.E.).

Roman Rule

Augustus is Emperor. (30). Tiberius follows.

He appoints Pilot governor. (26 C.E.)

Roman Emperors Rule

JEWISH REVOLT

Zealots fight Rome twice. I. 70 CE. And temple is

destroyed. II. Jews kicked out of Jerusalem 134 .C.E.


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x;yvim = mashiach = Cristo,j= Christ = Meaning:anointed

TheMessiah Expectations: Claims of Jesushere were many expectations of who Messiah would be.

The Jews did not view Jesus as Messiah for many reasons:

1. Jesus did not do what the prophets said he would do i.e. free Israel of its enemies.

2. Jesus did not bring the Jews back together from their many exiles.

3. Jesus did not establish peace.

4. Jesus was killed like a common thief.

God made a promise (covenant) with Israel that He would bring Messiah the royal line of King David. This is called:The Davidic covenant says that God would maintain the line

Davidic king for ever and the Messiah would come from this line.

(2 Samuel 7; Ps. 18:50; 89:20, 38, 51; 132:10, 17).

Why David? David was the model of royal rule.

Messiah was hoped to be a a warrior-king because Israel had many oppressors:

BabylonPersiaGreeksSyrians RomansKING DAVID= x;yvim

Davidic Covenant




The Diverse world of

Ist Century JudaismThe Jewish Gangs and the Jesus Claims

New Testament


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New Testament




The Diverse world of

Ist Century JudaismThe Jewish Gangs and the Jesus Claims

In Jesus day, the Jewish faith was diverse with many gangs with different colors (beliefs). Here are the players:

Sadducees: Rich Jewish leaders who supported Rome. They believed in the written law only and did not believe inResurrection

Pharisees: Jewish law experts who were strict with the law (Torah), written and oral. Theybelieved in the resurrection of the dead.

Samaritans: Jewish group with northern heritage who were of mixed ancestry (Assyrian) who were generallytreated with contempt.

Essenes: an ascetic (austere life of self-denial) Jewish sect who lived in Qumran desert. They called for God toBattle the Rome. They wrote that Dead Sea scroll.

Zealots: Radical militant Jewish group who instigated the Jewish war and even believed in suicide asA rid Palestine of the Romans.

The Jewish Gangs


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New Testament




The Synoptic Gospels:Matthew,Mark & Luke

The Synoptic Gospels are Mathew, Mark and Luke.They are called synoptic because they are so similar

in order of events that they can be view side-by-side.

The Synoptic problem: Scholars attempt to see how the synoptic gospels are

dependent to each other.

Mark is agreed as the first gospel to be written and Matthew and Luke drew on Mark.

Kerygma: the oral proclamation about Jesus (40 years)

Oral tradition: transmitting stories orally to a new audience which usually produce variations.

Form Criticism: analyzing the oral form underlying the written document

Literary Criticism: analyzing the finished written document and its theme, settings, characters etc.

Redactive Criticism: analyzing the written text in how it is edited

Narrative Criticism: analyzing the written text in how the stories are constructed

Matthew Mark Luke


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New Testament




The Synoptic Gospels:The Two Document Theory

Mathew and Luke used another source called Q of JesusSayings and parables that arent in Mark.

Q Q

Mark

Q

M L

Q LMarkM QMark

Gospel ofMatthew

Gospel ofMark

Quelle

(hypothetical collection

Of the sayings of Jesus

Special material

from Luke

Special material

from Matthew

Book of Luke

The Two Document Theory


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New Testament




The Gospel ofMark:The Son of God as a SufferingServant

The irony of Marks Messiah. Mark 1:1 tells us

what his book will be about: In the beginning of the

gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. Here is a

general *outline of Marks gospel.

Mark: The Son of God as Suffering Servant

I. The Service of Jesus demonstrates He is the Son of God (1:1- 9:1)

A. Presentation of Jesus (1:1-13)

B. Popularity and Opposition (1:14-3:6)

C. Growing Ministry (3:7-6:32)

D. Reaching a Peak (6:33- 8:;26

E. Turning Point (8:27- 9:1)

II. The Sacrifice of Jesus demonstrated He is the Son of God (9:2- 15:47)

A. Jesus as Redeemer (9:2-10:52)

B. Jesus as Lord (11:1-13:37)

C. Jesus s Sacrifice (14:1- 15:47)

III. The Triumph of Jesus demonstrates He is the Son of God (16:1-20)

*Based on Irving L. Jensons Survey of the New Testament


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New Testament




The Book ofMatthew:Jesus, the King of the PromisedKingdom

The KingOld Testament Prophecy New Testament Fulfillment

1. A virgin will give birth (Isa. 7:14) A virgin gives birth (Matt. 1:22)

2. A leader will come from Bethlehem (Micah 5:2) A king is born in Bethlehem (Matt 2:5-6).

3. A greater teacher will use parables (Ps. 78:2)Jesus uses parables (Matt 13:34-35)

The Kingdom

1. The Kingdom will bless the least in the kingdom (Beatitudes, 5-7)

2. The Kingdom will operate under two main laws (22:34-40)

3. The Kingdom on earth will call for the community of God (church) to live under the Spirit of law (18:15,

7:12)

4. The Kingdom to come will see a separation of the good and the bad at the final judgment (25:1)

The Book of Matthew links the Old Testament with the

New Testament. Read Matt. 1:1 and see the King

Connection.


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New Testament




The Book ofMatthew:Jesus, the King of the PromisedKingdom

1-29-04/week 5, class 10, Chapter 8

The Purposes of the Book ofM

atthew1. To demonstrate Jesus as the promised Old Testament Messiah

2. Present Jesus as the supreme teacher of the supreme Law

3. To show the church how to live in the present kingdom until he returns the new kingdom

The five major discourses or speeches of Jesus

1. The Sermon on theMount (5-7): A Different Kingdom (The blessed and the Law)

2. Instructions to theTwelve ((10): Go and preach the imminent kingdom (hell & judgment)

3. Parables on the kingdom (13:1-52): The Kingdom is likeI.e. weeds (13:24-30)

4. Instructions to theChurch (18): Be merciful i.e. (unmerciful servant,18:23-35)

5. Warnings of Final Judgment (23-25): Parousia and end of age, 24:1-3)

The Book of Matthew links the Old Testament with the

New Testament. Read Matt. 1:1 and see the King

Connection.


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New Testament




The Book of Luke:Jesus, the Savior of all the People

Important Luke Themes:1. The Holy Spirit: The Holy Spirit empowers Christ (4:14)2. Prayer: Jesus gives us a model for prayer (11:1-8)

3. Concern for Women: Mary and Martha are two of his closest friends (10:38-42)

4. Care for the unrespectable: The Prodigal Son is one example (15:11-32)

5. Christianity if universal: Genealogy of Jesus traced to Adam (3:23-38)

6. Christianity is a lawful religion: Jesus is innocent (23:22)

7. Jesus is savior (1:69, 2:11)

The Post Resurrections: Jesus is alive and Ready forHis church

1. The Emmaus Road Appearance: Jesus walks with two of his disciples and explains

He is the one that fulfilled all that was written. ( 24:13-35)

2. The Upper Room Appearance: Jesus makes a final appearance and give instructions to his disciples to stay in the

city for the Holy Spirit. (24:36-49)

The Book of Luke connects the historical story that

God fulfilled the promise to the Jews with Jesus and

made available to the Gentiles Jesus as the Savior for all.

The Key verses are 24:36-53: to all nations ).

Luke also wrote the Book of Acts, the next part of the

Story--the story of the start of church.


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New Testament




The Book of John: Life in Jesus,the Son of God who is divine wisdom made

Flesh.John is radically different from the synoptics. Its focus

is theological. Jesus is cosmic: before creation.

Johns Major Differences from the Synoptics

1. Chronology: a different order of events (2:13-21)

2. High Christology: Jesus as a super hero (17:3-5)

3. Focus on theology (concepts of Gods nature )(1:28)4. The emphasis of the Paraclete (Holy Spirit) (14:17)

General Outline ofJohn

I. Prologue: Hymn to the Logos (1:1-51)II. The Book of Signs (2:1-1:57)

(7 signs of Jesus Super Power)

III. The Book of Glory (12:1-20:31)

(Passion as a triumph of Jesus)

IV. Post Resurrection (21:1-15)

JesusI am sayings (Ex 3:14)1. I am the bread of live (6:35)

2. I am the Good Shepherd (10:11)

3. I am the Resurrection and life (11:21)4. I am the way, truth and life (14:6)

5. I am he (18:4-8)

The Seven Signs of Jesus

Super Power:

1. Water to Wine (2:11-11)

2. Healing of officials son (2:12, 4:46)

3. Healing of cripple man (5:2-9)

4. Feeding 5,000 (6:1-5)

5. Walking on Water (6:16:21)

6. Sight to blind (9:1-8)

7. Raising of Lazarus (11: 1-45)


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New Testament




The Book of Acts: Gods SpiritOperating in Human History

Through the ChurchLuke shows how God has kept his promises to Israel. The keyVerse is Act 1:8:

8 But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you;

and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea

and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth."

Important Secondary Themes of Acts:

1. The promises to Abraham are fulfilled in theSpirit blessed-communitythe church.

2. Christianity is the way of salvation for all

men (Jew and Gentile) empowered by the Holy Spirit

at Pentecost (2:1-47)

3. The step by step advance of the promise to Gentiles

(8:1-22:25

4. Advance of the Church (Chapter 13-28)

General Outline of the Book of ActsI. The Birth and Early Struggle of the Church (1-12)

A. The Birth of the Church (1:12-2:47)

B. The Church Grows thru Testing (3-7)

C. Church is scattered (8-9)

D. Church embraces Gentiles (9-12)

II. The Advance of the Church thru Pauls Missions (13-28)

A. Pauls First Missionary Journey (13-15)

B. Pauls Second Missionary Journey (18-18:21)C. Pauls Third Missionary Journey (18:23-20:38)

D. Pauls Arrest in Jerusalem/Caesarea (21-27)

E. Pauls Journey to Rome (27-28)

Major Events in the Book of ActsPentecost Stephen Martyred CorneliusConverted JerusalemCouncil PaulsMissionary Journeys

The Holy Spirit anoints 120 First Christian killed 1st Gentile to receive H.S. Gentiles vs. Law Advance of the church

(2:1-47) (7:59-8:3) (10:1-42) (15:1-35) (12-14,16-19)


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New TestamentPaul: An Apostle to the NationsThe significance of Paul is he is both a major

character in the New Testament and a major writer

whose ministry is to the Gentiles. (1 Corinthians 9:19)

His primary method of writing was the letter (epistle)

Letters by PaulThessalonians

Corinthians

Galatians

PhilemonPhilippians

Romans

Pauls Letter Form1. Prescript: Identifies writer, audience,

blessing (1Thes. 1:1)

2.PrincipleMessage

a. Doctrine: to correct a belief /behavior

(1 Cor. 1:10)

b. Application: to encourage practice

(1 Cor. 13)

3. Close: Acknowledgement, summary

of belief (Rom. 16)

Favorite topic of Pauls Letters1.Centrality ofChrist: Christ is the focus

of the faith.

He is Gods Wisdom (1 Cor. 1-4)

He is Lord (Phil. 2:11)

He dwells in us thru H.S (Ron. 8)

2.Christ is our Liberator from Sin (Rom 3-7)

3.Justification: Sinners are made acceptable

with God by being united with Christ.

4. Salvation: Faith alone through Christ alone.

5. Eschatology: Paul expected the immediate

Return of Christ that would bring the end of time.

(1 Thes. 4:15-17)

6. Apocalypses: The private revelation of the

Post resurrected Christ (Gal. 1:11-12,15-17)t


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New Testament




Galatians: Freedom from the LawRomans: Justification by Faith

Galatians: Freedom from the LawThe Galatians were foolish. They let someone talk them into going back.

The Issue: Returning to the yoke of the Law (5:2-3).

..if you let yourselves be circumcised, Christ will be of nobenefit.

The Answer: Christ has made you free (5:1)

For freedom, Christ has set us free. Stand firm and do not

be a subject to the yoke of slavery.

The Application: Practice the Law of Love in the Spirit.(5:13,18,22). The Fruits of the Spirit are

Love Kindness

Joy Goodness

Peace Faithfulness

Patience Gentleness

Self Control

Romans: Justification by Faith

The Issue: How to reconcile the gap between

God and Man (1:18-3:31)

The Answer: Faith justifies (bridges the gap).

(4:3-11)

The Application: Live a transformed life

(Rom. 12:1)

Roman ROAD to EvangelizeThe World

We all Sin: Ro. 3:23We have a Savior: Ro. 5:8Just believe: Ro. 10:9& 10


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New Testament




Pauls Letters from Prison:Philippians, Philemon, Colossians

Paul wrote 4 letters while imprisoned in Rome: Ephesians,

Philippians, Philemon and Colossians. In them he wrote

About the nature of Christ and the unity of the Church.

Colossians Letter

Issue: False teachingon worshiping

angels and lesser gods

(2:8,18)

Christ is supremeThe image of GodFirst born of creation (1:15)Answer: The supremacy of

Christ (1:15) in creation

The supremacy of Christ in

Our initiation (2:12)

Application: Seek spiritual

things (3:1)

Bear each other in love and

unity (3:12)

Philippians Letter

Issue: In fighting between members ( 4:2)

And the old problem of Judaizers)

Beware of dogs (3:2)

Answer: Cooperation for

All mutual benefit (2:2-4)

Take on the form ofa slave (2:6-8)

Application: Follow Christ

example and serve (2:17)

Philemon Letter

Issue: Human slavery

among Christians ( 10-11,16a)

Onesimusno longer aSlave but a brother (16b,17)

Answer: Accept theRoman institution, but stress

loving all classes (16b,17)

Application: Treat each

Other as brother


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New Testament

Ephesians and the Pastoral Letters

Ephesians: Salvation thru the churchPseudonym is writing a work using the name of a

well-known dead person to honor that person. It is

believe that Ephesians may be such a book.

Ephesians can be broken into two main parts:

I. Plan of Salvation: (1:3-3:21). Gods plan of salvationis through the united body of Christ

And God put all things under Christs feet,

and he gave him to the church as head over

all things Ephesians

II. Plan for Living: (4:1-6:20)

4:1 I, therefore, the prisoner for the Lord,urge you to live2 worthily of the calling

Put on theArmor of God:1. belt of truth

2. breastplate of righteousness

3. Shoes of Gospel

4. Shield of faith

5. Helmet of Salvation

6. Sword of the Spirit,

Pastoral Letters: Timothy and TitusI Timothy:Advice to the pastorFight false teaching (1:3)

Build a sound church organization (3: 1-18)

The Role of Women

and Slaves (2:9-15; 6:1-2)

II Timothy: The Pastors Hardship

Serving Faithfully Despite Hardship (Chapter 2)be like an soldier and fight ( v.3)

be like a athlete and compete (v.4)

be like a farmer and work (6)

Continue in What You Have Learned (Chapter 3)

Every scripture is inspired by God anduseful for teaching (3:16)

The Pastors ChargePreach the message, be ready (4:2)

be self-controlled, endure hardship, Fulfill your ministry.

Titus: Sound and Qualified Ministry1. Qualifications for Christian ministry (1:5-9)

2.Christian Behavior in the world (2: 1-10; 13,14)

Class Presentation 1302

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