>cl - StudyQuran · to a specificative, as in 1il i for L. 4, accord. ... times prefixed to a...
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74 "J Ji is a particle of determination: (Mughnee &c. :) or, accord. to some, it is a conjunct noun, and this is the correct opinion; but some say it is a conjunct particle; and some, a particle of determination: (L 'A4 p. 40:) [it is equivalent to our article The;] as in *11 [The man]: (8 and V in arL t.., and I 'A]& p. 48:) accord. to Kh, [what is termed] the determinative is ji [alto- gether, and therefore it is called by some "the determinative alif and lbm "]; but accord. to Sb, it is the J alone; [wherefore it is called by some, as in the . &c., " the lam of determination ;"] so that accord. to Kh, the hcmzch is a hemzeh of disjunction; but accord. to Sb, it is a hemzeh of conjunction: (I 'A k ubi suprl:) [J says,] the J being quiescent, the conjunctive I is prefixed to it in order that it may commence therewith; but when it is conjoined with what precedes it, the I is dropped, as in .JUJ. (g in art. .. ) Sometimes the Arabs suppress hemzeh after it; and sometimes they also suppress the I of the article itself: thus, forj,'ml, they say j..Jl, and '. (Zj, cited in TA in art. it4.) In the dial. of some of the people of El-Yemen, (TA in art..,l, q. v.,) or in the dial. of VIimyer, (TA in art. I,.,) .1 is uned in the sense of Jl. (TA.)...lt is used to distinguish a noun as known [to the hearer or reader in a particularand definite sense]: (Mugh- neo, I 'Ak ubi supri:) first, by its being men- tioned [before]; (Mughnee ;) as in [the words of the fur lxxiii. 16 and 16,] J J P30.4 Ud ) i-s ( [Like a re #ent unto Pharaoh an apotle, and Pharaoh disobjyed tlhe apostle]; (Mughnee, I 'A4;) in which case, the pronoun may supply the place which it and the noun that it accompanies occupies: secondly, by its being conceived in the mind; as in [the Iur ix. 40,] ,LtJ ) L , [(Whe they two were in the cave]: and tdirdly, by its being applied to a thing present; and accoird. to Ibn-'Oqfoor, this does not occur except after nouns of indieation, as in J11 iL ,U, [This man (lit. this, the man,) caae to me]; or after st in calling, as in Ja I C Q [O man]; or after ll denoting a thing's happening suddenly, or unexpectedly, as in ~*.'l l)i I 4I.,jp [I ~ forth, and lo, there wa the lion]; or after the noun denoting the present time, as Ti [VNow]: but this requires consideration; for you say to the reviler of a man in your presence, WJtl c, j [Rvile not thou the man]; and because that which is after lSl does not render determinate anything present at the time of speaking; and because that in i 1 is really redundant, being inseparable, which the determinative is never known to be: the good example in this mase is the saying in the ]ur tv. 6], . ~ 6j { .i .j i [Thia day I have completed for you your religion]. (Mughnee.) - It is also used to denote the species: first, to denote the totality of the individuals of the species; and this may have its place supplied by JL used in its proper sene; (Mughnee, I 'A] ubi suprS;) as in [the sur iv. 32,] 4a 5h'ij.' [For man ras created weak]: secondly, to denote the totality of the properties of the individuals, or the combination of all those properties in one thing; and this may have its place supplied by j used inatropical sense; as in lJatI.jI [7eyd is the man in resl)ct of aknorled 0 e; as though he combined in himself the knowledge of all the individuals of his species]; i. e., he is the com- plete, or perfect, [or we would rather say, preeminent,] in knowledge; and hence, [in the ]ur ii. 1,] J ;%Jl JUj [That is the book, or scripture; as though combining in itself the excellences of all other books or scriptures; or meaning that is preeminently the book, or scrip- ture]: and thirdly, to denote the quiddity, or essence; and this may not have its place supplied by j used either properly or tropically; as in the saying, [in the ]ur xxi. 31,] .I ',C. i a .j - ; S J ([And me have made of water (meaning, accord. to common opinion, sperma genitale,) ewvrything living]; or, accord. to some, it is used in this case to distinguishl a thiing ns known [in a particular sense] by its being coIn- ceived in the mind. (Mughlnce.)-It is also used to denote predominance of application; as in ;..J1 [The city], meaning the city of dile Apostle; and 4,.%JI [The book], meaning the book of Seebaweyh: and in this case, it may not be suppremssed, except when the noun is used vocatively, or when it is prefixed to another noun which it governs in the gen. case; and in some anomalous instances, as in tIU. j3, la [This is the atar Capecll, rising], originally j.JIl. (I 'A! p. 51.) [In a case of this kind, it is said in the Mughnce to be redundant; but I think it is clearly not so in any of the instances here mentioned, except thc last; and this I would rether asign to a category yet to be noticedl, in which jl is certainly redundant, and, by rule, inseparable.] - It is also prefixed to a noun transferred from its original application to that of a proper name; it being so prefixed to convey an allusion to the original signification; and such noun being generally an epithet, au ;. but sometimes an inf. n., as J..; and sometimes a generic noun, as O,Li; so that in any of these cases you may prefix JI, saying all nd Al1 and X.all, with a view to the original signification; and you may suppress it, with a view to the actual state [which is that of a proper name]: for when you mean that a name of this kind is given as one ominous of good, you prefix the JI in order to indicate this; as when you say t,l.JI with a view to a person's being thus named to prognosticate that he will live and be a tiller, or cultivator; but when you only consider it as a proper name, you do not prefix the Jl: thus the prefix JI conveys a meaning not obtained without it; and therefore it is not redundant, as some assert itto be. (I 'A p. GO.) [The author of the Mughnee is one of those who consider Jl redundant in this case.] - It is in some eases redundant: and in some of these, it is inseparable; as in [a proper name which cannot be used with a view to an original application from which it has [BooK I. been transferred to that of a proper name though it may have been so transferred, such as] ;Jl, which is the name of a certain idol that was at Mekkeh [so called because a man used to moisten S with clarified butter, for the pilgrims, at the place thereof]; and, accord. to some, [as before mentioned,] in i1jl; and in the conjunct nouns L5q1W and its variations, accord. to those who hold that a noun of this kind is rendered determinate by its complement: in otlier cases, where it is redundant, it is separable; and this is when it is prefixed to a proper name by poetic licence, as in , -- , a . , .t') ,:, for ~j&l :W, a species of truffle; or, accord. to Mbr, this is not a proper name, and the JI is not redundant; and when it is prefixed to a specificative, as in 1il i for L. 4, accord. to the Baqrees, who hold, in opposition to the Koofees, that the specifiattive may only be indeterminate; (I 'A4 p. 49;) [and, in like man- ner, as redundant and separable,] it is irregularly prefixed [by poetic licence] in .. '! [q. v.], when it is left in its original form with kesr. (T.) - Accord. to the Koofees, anml some of the Bnarccs, and many of the later authors, it may also supply the place of the affixed pronoun; and sfAch they hold to be the case in the saying in the Kur [lxxix.41], L. I ,a LRJ1 t Verily I'aradicse, it shall be his lmlace otf abode]; and in Sb-}1 it c}_,0s !;, 'lvtcwl hy a man- beautif;l in hisrfce]; and >cl j Al. j , [c 5 yd ivas beaten, his back and his belly]; when a.l and .lilI and p.IlX are thus in the norn. case: but those wllo deny its being usedl in this manner hold that 'J is to be unlderstood in the verse of the lur, and s. in the other examples: and Ibn-Malik restricts the licence to cases not including the 'ii [or compllement of JI used in the manner whicil is here next to be explained]. (Mughlce.) It is also a conjunct noun in the sense of jJ.Sl and its variations; and as such is prefixed to an act. part. n., and to a pass. parL n., and, as some say, to a simple epithet; (Mughnee, and I 'A4 p. 43;) uas, iJl [which is equivalent to . LS. At], and ,jl [which is equivalent to 4 j9L?Ql], and *jl _jl: (I 'A:) but this last is not to be regarded, as it cannot be rendered by means of a verb. (Mughnee.) As such, also, it is sometimes prefixed to an adverbial noun, (Mughne· and I 'Ak,) extraordinarily; (I 'Ak ;) as in the saying, * · [Whoo ceases not to be grateful, or thankful,for what is with him, or what he has, he is worthy of a state of life such as i attended with plenty.] (Mughncee and I 'At.) As such it is also some- times prefixed to a nominal proposition; as in the saying, [Of the peopl o.f whom is the apostle of God, of those to whom the necks of the sons of Ma'add I 1
Transcript of >cl - StudyQuran · to a specificative, as in 1il i for L. 4, accord. ... times prefixed to a...
74 "J
Ji is a particle of determination: (Mughnee&c. :) or, accord. to some, it is a conjunct noun,and this is the correct opinion; but some say itis a conjunct particle; and some, a particle ofdetermination: (L 'A4 p. 40:) [it is equivalent toour article The;] as in *11 [The man]: (8 andV in arL t.., and I 'A]& p. 48:) accord. to Kh,[what is termed] the determinative is ji [alto-gether, and therefore it is called by some "thedeterminative alif and lbm "]; but accord. to Sb,it is the J alone; [wherefore it is called by some,as in the . &c., " the lam of determination ;"] sothat accord. to Kh, the hcmzch is a hemzeh ofdisjunction; but accord. to Sb, it is a hemzeh ofconjunction: (I 'Ak ubi suprl:) [J says,] theJ being quiescent, the conjunctive I is prefixed toit in order that it may commence therewith; butwhen it is conjoined with what precedes it, the I isdropped, as in .JUJ. (g in art. .. ) Sometimesthe Arabs suppress hemzeh after it; and sometimesthey also suppress the I of the article itself: thus,forj,'ml, they say j..Jl, and '. (Zj, citedin TA in art. it4.) In the dial. of some of thepeople of El-Yemen, (TA in art..,l, q. v.,) or inthe dial. of VIimyer, (TA in art. I,.,) .1 isuned in the sense of Jl. (TA.)...lt is used todistinguish a noun as known [to the hearer orreader in a particularand definite sense]: (Mugh-neo, I 'Ak ubi supri:) first, by its being men-tioned [before]; (Mughnee ;) as in [the words of
the fur lxxiii. 16 and 16,] J
J P30.4 Ud ) i-s ( [Like a re #ent untoPharaoh an apotle, and Pharaoh disobjyed tlheapostle]; (Mughnee, I 'A4;) in which case, thepronoun may supply the place which it and thenoun that it accompanies occupies: secondly, byits being conceived in the mind; as in [the Iurix. 40,] ,LtJ ) L , [(Whe they two were inthe cave]: and tdirdly, by its being applied to athing present; and accoird. to Ibn-'Oqfoor, thisdoes not occur except after nouns of indieation, asin J11 iL ,U, [This man (lit. this, theman,) caae to me]; or after st in calling, as in
Ja I C Q [O man]; or after ll denoting athing's happening suddenly, or unexpectedly, asin ~*.'l l)i I 4I.,jp [I ~ forth, and lo, therewa the lion]; or after the noun denoting thepresent time, as Ti [VNow]: but this requiresconsideration; for you say to the reviler of a manin your presence, WJtl c, j [Rvile not thouthe man]; and because that which is after lSl doesnot render determinate anything present at thetime of speaking; and because that in i 1 isreally redundant, being inseparable, which thedeterminative is never known to be: the goodexample in this mase is the saying in the ]urtv. 6], . ~ 6j { .i .j i [Thia day I havecompleted for you your religion]. (Mughnee.)- It is also used to denote the species: first, todenote the totality of the individuals of the species;and this may have its place supplied by JL usedin its proper sene; (Mughnee, I 'A] ubi suprS;)as in [the sur iv. 32,] 4a 5h'ij.' [For
man ras created weak]: secondly, to denote thetotality of the properties of the individuals, or thecombination of all those properties in one thing;and this may have its place supplied by j usedinatropical sense; as in lJatI.jI [7eydis the man in resl)ct of aknorled 0e; as though hecombined in himself the knowledge of all theindividuals of his species]; i. e., he is the com-plete, or perfect, [or we would rather say,preeminent,] in knowledge; and hence, [in the]ur ii. 1,] J ;%Jl JUj [That is the book, orscripture; as though combining in itself theexcellences of all other books or scriptures; ormeaning that is preeminently the book, or scrip-ture]: and thirdly, to denote the quiddity, oressence; and this may not have its place suppliedby j used either properly or tropically; as inthe saying, [in the ]ur xxi. 31,] .I ',C. i a .j
- ; S J ([And me have made of water(meaning, accord. to common opinion, spermagenitale,) ewvrything living]; or, accord. to some,it is used in this case to distinguishl a thiing nsknown [in a particular sense] by its being coIn-ceived in the mind. (Mughlnce.)-It is alsoused to denote predominance of application; asin ;..J1 [The city], meaning the city of dileApostle; and 4,.%JI [The book], meaning thebook of Seebaweyh: and in this case, it may notbe suppremssed, except when the noun is usedvocatively, or when it is prefixed to another nounwhich it governs in the gen. case; and in some
anomalous instances, as in tIU. j3, la [This
is the atar Capecll, rising], originally j.JIl.(I 'A! p. 51.) [In a case of this kind, it is saidin the Mughnce to be redundant; but I think itis clearly not so in any of the instances herementioned, except thc last; and this I wouldrether asign to a category yet to be noticedl, inwhich jl is certainly redundant, and, by rule,inseparable.] - It is also prefixed to a nountransferred from its original application to that ofa proper name; it being so prefixed to convey anallusion to the original signification; and suchnoun being generally an epithet, au ;. butsometimes an inf. n., as J..; and sometimes ageneric noun, as O,Li; so that in any of thesecases you may prefix JI, saying all nd
Al1 and X.all, with a view to the originalsignification; and you may suppress it, with aview to the actual state [which is that of a propername]: for when you mean that a name of thiskind is given as one ominous of good, you prefixthe JI in order to indicate this; as when you sayt,l.JI with a view to a person's being thus
named to prognosticate that he will live and be atiller, or cultivator; but when you only considerit as a proper name, you do not prefix the Jl:thus the prefix JI conveys a meaning not obtainedwithout it; and therefore it is not redundant, assome assert itto be. (I 'A p. GO.) [The authorof the Mughnee is one of those who consider Jlredundant in this case.] - It is in some easesredundant: and in some of these, it is inseparable;as in [a proper name which cannot be used with aview to an original application from which it has
[BooK I.
been transferred to that of a proper name thoughit may have been so transferred, such as] ;Jl,which is the name of a certain idol that was atMekkeh [so called because a man used to moistenS with clarified butter, for the pilgrims, at the
place thereof]; and, accord. to some, [as beforementioned,] in i1jl; and in the conjunct nouns
L5q1W and its variations, accord. to those who holdthat a noun of this kind is rendered determinateby its complement: in otlier cases, where it isredundant, it is separable; and this is when it isprefixed to a proper name by poetic licence, as in
, -- , a . ,
.t') ,:, for ~j&l :W, a species of truffle; or,accord. to Mbr, this is not a proper name, andthe JI is not redundant; and when it is prefixed
to a specificative, as in 1il i for L. 4,accord. to the Baqrees, who hold, in opposition tothe Koofees, that the specifiattive may only beindeterminate; (I 'A4 p. 49;) [and, in like man-ner, as redundant and separable,] it is irregularly
prefixed [by poetic licence] in .. '! [q. v.],when it is left in its original form with kesr.(T.) - Accord. to the Koofees, anml some of theBnarccs, and many of the later authors, it mayalso supply the place of the affixed pronoun; andsfAch they hold to be the case in the saying in the
Kur [lxxix.41], L. I ,a LRJ1 t VerilyI'aradicse, it shall be his lmlace otf abode]; and in
Sb-}1 it c}_,0s !;, 'lvtcwl hy a man-
beautif;l in hisrfce]; and >cl j Al. j ,[c 5yd ivas beaten, his back and his belly]; whena.l and .lilI and p.IlX are thus in the norn.case: but those wllo deny its being usedl in thismanner hold that 'J is to be unlderstood in theverse of the lur, and s. in the other examples:and Ibn-Malik restricts the licence to cases notincluding the 'ii [or compllement of JI used inthe manner whicil is here next to be explained].(Mughlce.) It is also a conjunct noun in thesense of jJ.Sl and its variations; and as such isprefixed to an act. part. n., and to a pass. parL n.,and, as some say, to a simple epithet; (Mughnee,and I 'A4 p. 43;) uas , iJl [which is equivalent
to . LS. At], and ,jl [which is equivalent
to 4j9L?Ql], and *jl _jl: (I 'A:) butthis last is not to be regarded, as it cannot berendered by means of a verb. (Mughnee.) Assuch, also, it is sometimes prefixed to an adverbialnoun, (Mughne· and I 'Ak,) extraordinarily;(I 'Ak ;) as in the saying,
* ·[Whoo ceases not to be grateful, or thankful,forwhat is with him, or what he has, he is worthy ofa state of life such as i attended with plenty.](Mughncee and I 'At.) As such it is also some-times prefixed to a nominal proposition; as in thesaying,
[Of the peopl o.f whom is the apostle of God, ofthose to whom the necks of the sons of Ma'add
I 1
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