Civilizations, Past and Present, 12e (Edgar) · Chapter 2 Early Chinese Civilization 20 Chapter 3...

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TEST BANK

to accompany

Edgar/Jewsbury/Hackett/Molony/Gordan

CIVILIZATIONS

Past and Present

Twelfth Edition

Susan Hellert

University of Wisconsin, Platteville

New York Boston San Francisco

London Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore Madrid

Mexico City Munich Paris Cape Town Hong Kong Montreal


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Test Bank to accompany Edgar/Jewsbury/Hackett/Molony/Gordan, Civilizations Past and Present, Twelfth Edition

Copyright ©2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Instructors may reproduce portions of this book for

classroom use only. All other reproductions are strictly prohibited without prior permission of the publisher, except

in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.

ISBN: 0-205-58890-5

ISBN-13: 978-0-205-58890-9

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10–OPM–10 09 08 07


Contents Chapter 1 Stone Age Societies and Earliest Civlizations of the Near East 1

Chapter 2 Early Chinese Civilization 20

Chapter 3 Early Indian Civilizations 31

Chapter 4 Greece 42

Chapter 5 Roman Civilization 55

Chapter 6 The Eastern Mediterranean Word, 300-750 C.E. 73

Chapter 7 The Islamic World, 800-1300 C.E. 85

Chapter 8 African Beginnings 92

Chapter 9 The Formation of Christian Europe 100

Chapter 10 Culture, Power, and Trade in the Era of Asian Hegemony, 220-1350 117

Chapter 11 The Americas to 1500 133

Chapter 12 The Great Dynastic Empires of Eurasia, 1300-1650 142

Chapter 13 East Asian Cultural and Political Systems, 1300-1650 150

Chapter 14 European Cultural and Religious Transformations 158

Chapter 15 State Development in Europe 178

Chapter 16 Global Encounters 192

Chapter 17 Absolutism and Limited Central Power in Europe, 1650-1774 208

Chapter 18 New Ideas and Their Political Consequences 227

Chapter 19 Africa in the World Economy, 1650-1850 242

Chapter 20 Asian and the Middle Eastern Empires and Nations, 1860-1815 250

Chapter 21 The Americas, 1650-1825 263

Chapter 22 Industrialization 271

Chapter 23 Europe, 1815-1914 288

Chapter 24 Africa and the Middle East During the Age of European Imperialism 311

Chapter 25 Imperialism and Modernity in Asia and the Pacific, 1815-1914 324

Chapter 26 The Americas, 1825-1914 333

Chapter 27 World War I and Its Economic and Political Consequences 342

Chapter 28 The Failure of the Liberal Model and the Rise of Authoritarianism 359


Chapter 29 Forging New Nations in Asia, 1910-1950 375

Chapter 30 National Movements and the Drive for Independence in the Middle East and Africa from the 1920s to 1950s 383

Chapter 31 World War II 394

Chapter 32 Europe and the United States Since 1945 408

Chapter 33 The Middle East and Africa Since 1945 426

Chapter 34 Latin America since 1910 438

Chapter 35 Asia and the South Pacific Since 1945 446

Chapter 36 Into the Twenty-first Century 459


Chapter 1 Stone Age Societies and the EarliestCivilizations of the Near East

1) The earliest prehuman species thus far discovered is calledA) Homo sapiens.B) Australopithecus.C) Homo habilis.D) Neanderthal man.E) Homo erectus.

Answer: BPage Ref: 4

2) The first use of fire is attributed toA) Homo habilis.B) Cro-Magnon man.C) Neanderthal man.D) Australopithecus.E) Homo erectus.

Answer: EPage Ref: 4

3) Neanderthal man lived primarily inA) North America.B) Europe.C) ArabiaD) Java.E) China.


4) All of the following are true of Neanderthal man EXCEPTA) they were able hunters.B) they were well suited for colder climates.C) they wore clothes.D) they were the same height as modern man.E) they invented tools.

Answer: DPage Ref: 5

5) Which of the following do present-day humans most closely resemble?A) Cro-Magnon manB) Homo erectusC) Homo habilisD) AustralopithecusE) Neanderthal man

Answer: APage Ref: 6

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6) Humankind has created patterns of behavior and learning termedA) religion.B) culture.C) clans.D) civilization.E) language.


7) ʺPaleolithic cultureʺ refers toA) the use of iron.B) the development of bronze tools.C) the use of stone tools.D) the use of agriculture.E) none of the above.

Answer: CPage Ref: 6

8) The terms ʺutilization,ʺ ʺfashioning,ʺ and ʺstandardizationʺ describe stages of theA) human invention of tools.B) growth of agriculture.C) evolution of the human brain.D) creation of an empire.E) development of specialization of labor.

Answer: APage Ref: 6-7

9) The earliest-known works of art are paintings onA) the walls of caves.B) woven fabrics.C) animal skins.D) burial artifacts.E) bark.


10) The transition of human beings from a food-gathering to a food-producing economy occurredduring the ________ Age.

A) IronB) BronzeC) PaleolithicD) NeolithicE) Mesolithic


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11) The Fertile Crescent is an area locatedA) on the Arabian peninsula.B) from the Nile River to the Tigris River and beyond to the Persian Gulf.C) along the Upper Nile.D) south through Egypt to Nubia.E) along the Mediterranean Sea.


12) The best-preserved village of the Neolithic Age has been found in modern-dayA) Turkey. B) Persia. C) China. D) Egypt. E) India.


13) Womenʹs responsibilities during the Neolithic Period includedA) gathering foodB) weaving textiles.C) cultivating fields.D) spinning flax and wool.E) all of the above.


14) The most basic and universal unit of human social relationships is theA) clan. B) tribe. C) totem. D) family. E) village.


15) Examples of totemism exist todayA) in fraternal groups.B) in sports organizations.C) in military insignia.D) in school mascots.E) all of the above.


16) In preliterate societies, justice meantA) maintaining equilibrium within the group.B) adhering to the dictates of the tribal chief.C) following moral commandments.D) never requiring the death of a society member.E) all of the above.


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17) A form of primitive religion that regarded all objects in nature as inhabited by ʺspiritsʺ iscalled

A) polythesim.B) science.C) black magic.D) monotheism.E) animism.


18) Primitive religion utilized magicA) rarely.B) only through female members of the clan.C) to obtain favors from the spirits.D) to threaten opposition.E) to govern.


19) Science during the Stone AgeA) involved little more than use of magicB) involved the construction of astronomical structures.C) was nonexistent.D) was concerned only with the afterlife.E) none of the above.


20) All of the following apply to the development of human civilization EXCEPTA) tool making.B) hunting and gathering.C) political systems.D) specialization of labor.E) writing.


21) All of the following are attributes of a civilization EXCEPTA) urban settlement.B) writing.C) hunting and gathering.D) labor specialization.E) religious hierarchy.


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22) The word ʺMesopotamiaʺ is derived from the Greek word meaningA) dry land.B) land near the mountains.C) land between the rivers.D) unknown land.E) land near the sea.


23) The four earliest civilizations aroseA) in river valleys.B) in sheltered mountain caves.C) by the seashores.D) near desert oases.E) in isolation from other peoples.


24) The area of the first great civilizations where rainfall was adequate to grow grain and grazinganimals could find sufficient food is

A) the Arabian Peninsula.B) the Nile River Valley.C) the Fertile Crescent.D) the Levant.E) Turkey.


25) Bronze is an alloy (combination) ofA) copper and zinc.B) iron and copper.C) copper and tin.D) iron and copper.E) gold and silver.


26) Which of the following was NOT invented in early Mesopotamia?A) printingB) the potterʹs wheelC) the sailboatD) the wheelE) all of the above


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27) The prehistoric or protoliterate era refers toA) the agricultural revolution.B) the era after writing had occurred.C) the Minoan Culture.D) the times before 2800 B.C.E.E) the times before 1000 C.E.


28) The people who founded the first civilization in Mesopotamia were calledA) Sumerians.B) Nubians.C) Persians.D) Babylonians.E) Assyrians.


29) The first mechanical device invented was theA) potterʹs wheel.B) windmill.C) water loomD) sail.E) spinning wheel.


30) Writing materials used in ancient Mesopotamia usually includedA) paints or ink.B) parchment made from animal skins.C) paper made from linen.D) papyrus.E) clay tablets.


31) The Sumerian languageA) stimulated Egyptians to develop a script of their own.B) was the source of Semitic languages.C) evolved on the Arabian peninsula.D) was the source of Indo-European languages.E) began in the region of the Black Sea.


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32) Using pictographs for ideas as well as things first evolved inA) Palestine.B) Assyria.C) Sumer.D) Egypt.E) Phoenicia.


33) The type of government found in the earliest Mesopotamian cities could best be described asA) an assembly of elders.B) theocracy.C) military dictatorship.D) absolute monarchy.E) democracy.


34) In the early Mesopotamian city-states, landA) was controlled by the temples.B) belonged to the priests.C) belonged exclusively to the king.D) was divided between the temples and large private estates.E) mostly belonged to small farmers.


35) The very powerful nobles or landowners in early Mesopotamian culture were calledA) clients.B) lugals.C) ensi.D) tyrants.E) ziggurats.


36) The development of strong kingship in Sumerian cities was usually associated withA) popular revolt against oppression.B) the enslavement of the poorer classes.C) foreign invasion.D) a dominant priesthood.E) militarism and conquest.


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37) Slavery in MesopotamiaA) involved only conquered peoples.B) was less humane than other places and times in history.C) was based on race.D) was more humane than other places and times in history.E) was nonexistent.


38) The Semitic peoples who migrated into Mesopotamia originated inA) the highlands of Iran.B) Egypt.C) the Arabian deserts.D) Asia Minor.E) none of the above.


39) Which of the following is often credited with establishing ʺthe worldʹs first empireʺ?A) Thutmose III of EgyptB) Cyrus the Great of PersiaC) Urukagina of LagashD) Sargon I of AkkadE) Hammurabi of Chaldea


40) The northern region of Mesopotamia is known asA) Assyria.B) Ur.C) Sumer.D) Palestine.E) Akkad.


41) During the ʺneo-Sumerian periodʺ at the end of the third millennium B.C.E., the dominant cityof lower Mesopotamia was

A) Nineveh. B) Minerva. C) Lagash. D) Ur. E) Babylon.Answer: DPage Ref: 13

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42) Sumer and its leading urban center ceased to be dominant factors in Mesopotamia about 2000B.C.E. when

A) the poor rose up in revolt and destroyed the city.B) a catastrophic flood destroyed the city.C) Elamites from the region of present-day Iran destroyed the city.D) the Hittites from the north invaded and sacked the kingdom.E) an unknown event destroyed the city.


43) Babylonian dominance over much of Mesopotamia was established byA) Assyria.B) Hammurabi.C) Urukagina.D) Gilgamesh.E) Sargon.


44) Hammurabi is best known for hisA) collection of literary works.B) code of laws.C) monotheistic religion.D) conquest of Egypt.E) spectacular gardens.


45) The Babylonians made advances in mathematics, includingA) a system of counting based on the unit 60; still used for time and angles.B) quadratic equations.C) fractions.D) square and cube roots.E) all of the above.


46) The Babylonians made advances in science, including new theories onA) a sun-centered universe.B) the rotation of the earth.C) gravity.D) astronomy.E) none of the above.


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47) In the ________, the oldest existing literary work, a king strives for power and immortality.A) Dead Sea ScrollsB) Epic of GilgameshC) Egyptian Book of the DeadD) PsalmsE) Bible


48) Mesopotamian religion as developed by the Sumerians and the Babylonians did NOT includea belief that

A) the gods controlled nature.B) future events might be foretold.C) humans were immortal beings.D) humans were vulnerable to evil demons.E) rewards for good behavior came during, not after, life.


49) Mesopotamian religion held that only ________ could protect humans from evil spirits.A) faithB) human sacrificeC) priestsD) good deedsE) rituals and omens


50) The pattern of disunity and warfare in Mesopotamia reasserted itself in 1595 B.C.E., when the________ destroyed Babylon.

A) HebrewsB) EgyptiansC) AssyriansD) PhilistinesE) Hittites


51) The annual flooding of the Nile River reaches its crest inA) summer.B) winter.C) autumn.D) spring.E) none of the above.


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52) The Predynastic Period of Egyptian history ended whenA) the Sumerians conquered Egypt.B) Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt.C) a famine caused a revolt.D) a religious leader established a theocracy.E) the leader of Thebes conquered the entire Nile Valley.


53) The form of government that existed under the Old Kingdom of Egypt might best be describedas a(n)

A) military dictatorship.B) tribal assembly.C) absolute monarchy.D) theocracy.E) democracy.


54) Under the Old Kingdom of Egypt, landA) belonged to the temples.B) belonged to the pharaoh (king).C) was owned partly by priests and partly by nobles.D) was owned by powerful land lords.E) mostly belonged to small farmers.


55) A dynasty refers toA) a minister of state.B) a belief in many gods.C) a goddess who represented balance and harmony.D) the Kemet.E) a series of rulers who belong to the same family .


56) All of the following provided the Egyptians with a sense of security unknown in MesopotamiaEXCEPT

A) belief in a god-king.B) belief that the welfare of the people rested on devotion to the pharaoh.C) reliable flooding of the Nile.D) universal male military training.E) natural obstructions to invasion.


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57) The purpose of the pyramids of Egypt was toA) worship the sun.B) bury kings.C) provide places of safety when the Nile flooded.D) store grain.E) provide high places for worshiping the gods.


58) The pharaohs of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt emphasizedA) pyramid building.B) religion.C) public works and benefits for the masses.D) benefits for the temples.E) rewarding the nobility.


59) In the 18th century B.C.E., Egypt was invaded, and lower Egypt occupied, by a people called theA) Persians.B) Nubians.C) Hyksos.D) Hebrews.E) Assyrians.


60) During the reign of the Hyksos, all of the following occurred in Egypt EXCEPTA) introduction of the horse and chariot.B) abolition of the pharaoh.C) extended trading networks.D) maintenance of the same architectural styles.E) none of the above.


61) The greatest conquering pharaoh of the New Kingdom wasA) Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton).B) Tutankhamen.C) Hatshepsut.D) Thutmose III.E) Menes.


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62) Hatshepsutʹs reign of Egypt was unusual becauseA) there were no foreign invasions.B) the pharaoh established a strong middle class.C) Egypt conquered Palestine and Babylon.D) the pharaoh was female.E) Egypt suffered massive famines.


63) ObelisksA) commemorate the reign of Thutmose III.B) are priests.C) proclaim the worship of Amon.D) are burial chambers for pharaohs.E) no longer exist.


64) The New Kingdom declined when Amenhotep IIIA) failed to defeat the Hyksos.B) restored the capital at Thebes.C) allowed Egypt to be occupied by Semitic peoples.D) died without an heir.E) provoked religious opposition by worshipping Aton, the sun disk.


65) In the 13th century B.C.E., the reign of Pharaoh Ramses IIA) witnessed the rapid decline of Egypt.B) was a period of national grandeur.C) failed to contribute to the building of lasting monuments.D) controlled the priests of Amon.E) lost Palestine.


66) During the Third Intermediate Period, Egypt experienced all of the following EXCEPTA) the Amon priesthood was crushed.B) the creation of the first Egyptian navy.C) the Libyans moved into central Egypt.D) a revival of ancient artistic and literary forms.E) becoming a province of the Assyrians.


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67) The people whose conquest in 525 B.C.E. ended Egyptian independence in the ancient worldwere the

A) Nubians.B) Hebrews.C) Persians.D) Greeks.E) Kush.


68) The Kingdom of Kush or Nubia is in present-dayA) Sudan.B) Egypt.C) Saudi Arabia.D) Ethiopia.E) Palestine.


69) While the Egyptian pharaoh enjoyed absolute power, the social stratification allowed a rise instatus based on

A) military service.B) education.C) marriage.D) birth status.E) religious service.


70) Egyptʹs influences on Kush includedA) burial practices.B) architecture.C) art.D) language.E) all of the above.


71) The Egyptian trading network included all of the following EXCEPTA) the Persian Gulf.B) the Red Sea.C) the Mediterranean Sea.D) the Nile River.E) none of the above.


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72) All of the following were exports of Egypt EXCEPTA) linen. B) wheat. C) papyrus. D) copper. E) gold.


73) The idea of an afterlife and the belief that salvation was achieved by good conduct in this lifewere ideas associated with the worship of

A) Seth.B) Akhenaton.C) Amon.D) Osiris.E) the Feather of Truth.


74) Akhenaton broke with Egyptian religious beliefs by stressingA) prayers for well-being.B) a preparation for the afterlife.C) non-existence of an afterlife.D) one omnipotent creator.E) beliefs in many gods.


75) Egyptian accomplishments in science includedA) the solar calendar.B) multiplication tables.C) anesthetic.D) true scientific methodology.E) all of the above.


76) The temples of Karnak and Luxor at Thebes were constructed during theA) Period of Decadence.B) New Kingdom.C) Old Kingdom.D) Middle Kingdom.E) First Intermediate Period.


77) Egyptian art lackedA) religious themes.B) color.C) realism.D) perspective.E) none of the above.


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78) The earliest known work of Egyptian literature isA) The Book of the Dead.B) the Pyramid Texts.C) Hymn to the Sun.D) the Ode to the Pharaoh.E) the temple inscription at Karnak.


79) Which of the following was NOT an original achievement of the Hittites?A) a written Indo-European languageB) the use of cuneiform scriptC) the use of ironD) the horse-drawn chariotE) none of the above


80) What disrupted the stable regimes of the eastern Mediterranean for the two centuriesfollowing 1200 B.C.E.?

A) the revival of the Sumerian civilizationB) natural disastersC) the fall of the EgyptiansD) raiding and displaced peoplesE) the rise of the Hittites


81) Which of the following was NOT considered one of the Sea Peoples?A) SiciliansB) SardiniansC) PhilistinesD) EtruscansE) Hittites


82) Phoenicians lived in what present-day country?A) Iraq B) Iran C) Israel D) Lebanon E) Turkey


83) The Phoenician culture is LEAST significant for its accomplishments inA) shipbuilding.B) manufacturing.C) literature and art.D) trade.E) devising an alphabet.


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84) The main contributions of the Hebrews includedA) diplomacy and war.B) religion and ethics.C) art.D) architecture.E) science and inventions.


85) The history of the Hebrews is found inA) The Book of the Dead.B) the Bible.C) the Epic of Gilgamesh.D) The New Testament.E) none of the above.


86) Israelite judges includedA) Joseph.B) Abraham.C) Moses.D) Deborah.E) Isaac.


87) Israel reached its height in worldly might and splendor during the reign ofA) Solomon.B) Abraham.C) Saul.D) David.E) none of the above.


88) The Hebrew Kingdom of Judah was captured by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 B.C.E., resulting in allthe following EXCEPT

A) the building of Jewish synagogues.B) the rebuilding of Jerusalem.C) the destruction of Jerusalem.D) the Babylonian Captivity.E) none of the above.


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89) In 70 C.E., the Diaspora of the Jews by the RomansA) sent the Jews from their homeland.B) allowed the influence of Greco-Roman culture on the Jews.C) ended the political entity of the Jews until the 20th century.D) did not destroy Judaism.E) all of the above.


90) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the Assyrian Empire?A) lack of tradeB) an efficient system of communicationsC) strong monarchsD) strong militaryE) unification of weak and unstable regions of Mesopotamia


91) Lydians inventedA) cement.B) coinage.C) the plow.D) an alphabet.E) bronze.


92) The Hanging Gardens of Babylon became one of the seven wonders of the ancient worldduring the reign of

A) Gilgamesh.B) Ishtar.C) Saul.D) Hammurabi.E) Nebuchadnezzar.


93) The greatest conqueror in the history of the Ancient Near East must be considered KingA) Thutmose III of Egypt.B) Solomon of Israel.C) Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon.D) Cyrus the Great of Persia.E) none of the above.


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94) Which of the following was LEAST characteristic of the Persian Empire and civilization?A) efficiency in governmental administrationB) efficient postal systemC) a uniform coinage and promotion of tradeD) persecution of racial minoritiesE) the practice of an ethical religion


95) Zoroaster founded a religionA) establishing ethical precepts.B) worshipping the Magi priests.C) including idol worship.D) that no longer exists.E) based on animism.


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Chapter 2 Early Chinese Civilization

1) Neolithic farming in China developed within the watersheds of theA) Amur and Volga.B) Mekong and Indus.C) Yangzi and Mekong.D) Mekong and Ganges.E) Yangzi and Huanghe.


2) Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of Chinaʹs geography?A) Three mountain ranges run from North to South.B) The Huanghe or the Yellow River caused loess deposits to be made due to flooding.C) The major rivers of China begin in Tibet.D) Two main regional cultures emerged by the Neolithic Era.E) China has eight different ecosystems.


3) Chinaʹs geographyA) united it politically.B) isolated it from other centers of civilization.C) lacked the great river valleys around which the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt

developed.D) lacked arable land to support agriculture.E) played no major role in Chinaʹs development.


4) The people of Neolithic China had all of the following in common EXCEPTA) walled towns.B) domesticated animals.C) metallurgy.D) oracle bones.E) pottery making.


5) The Five Sovereigns wereA) mythical kings who ruled before dynastic succession was established.B) the gods of the Neolithic Chinese.C) ancient land lords who protected the common people from invasion.D) the first five dynasties in China.E) none of the above.


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6) Chinaʹs first dynasty was theA) Manchu. B) Ming. C) Chou. D) Shang. E) Han.


7) Bronze metallurgy during Chinaʹs Shang dynastyA) produced intricate works of art.B) did not exist.C) declined in importance.D) was used only for agricultural tools.E) became an important element of religious rituals.


8) The Shang writing system of China differed from other ancient writing systems in thatA) words were never associated with sounds.B) it has disappeared, having no influence on the modern Chinese writing system.C) most writing was recorded on clay tablets.D) it was only capable of representing physical and observable objects.E) each word was represented by a different character.


9) Oracle bones were used during the Shang dynasty toA) commemorate the rule of each emperor.B) communicate with the ancestral spirits.C) finance trade with other peoples.D) record military victories.E) none of the above.


10) All of the following are characteristics of the Shang dynasty EXCEPTA) the power of the nobles rested on land ownership.B) religion maintained social order.C) women were required to be passive and submissive.D) the kingʹs religious and secular powers were separate.E) peasants had little mobility.

Answer: DPage Ref: 43-44

11) The Mandate of Heaven conceptA) forged a bond between the ruler and his subjects.B) dissolved with the defeat of the Shang by the Zhou.C) introduced the concept of necessary approval for a particular dynasty from the cosmos in

order to rule.D) institutionalized the Chinese belief in one all-powerful god.E) had begun before the Shang dynasty.


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12) The Zhou dynasty established a feudal system of government thatA) ignored local leaders.B) was ruled from one central location absolutely.C) emphasized the rule of the local priests.D) allowed women and peasants legal rights.E) gave local authority to powerful nobles in exchange for their loyalty.

Answer: EPage Ref: 45-46

13) The key to the longevity of the Zhou dynasty wasA) the efficiency of its feudal system of government.B) the selection of rulers through democratic processes.C) the absence of barbarian attacks.D) its establishment of a classless society.E) the power of its military.


14) Which of the following dynasties was the longest in Chinese history?A) ShangB) HanC) ZhouD) MingE) none of the above


15) A key achievement of the Zhou period was the development ofA) bronze tool-making.B) iron production.C) writing.D) rice cultivation.E) all of the above.


16) Ancestor worshipA) involved human and animal sacrifice.B) continued during the Zhou dynasty.C) never involved formal rituals.D) failed to embrace the majority of Chinese.E) involved only the lowest class.


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17) The Zhou dynasty introduced or perfectedA) an improved economic level for merchant and artisan classes.B) the use of coins.C) canal construction.D) poetry collections.E) all of the above.

Answer: EPage Ref: 45-46

18) Yin and Yang refer toA) emperors of the Shang dynasty.B) family household gods.C) burial rituals of the Shang period.D) major rivers systems of China.E) conflicting forces within the universe.


19) All of the following illustrate contributions of the Zhou dynasty EXCEPTA) gunpowder.B) the art of horseback riding.C) the construction of defensive walls.D) new military uniforms.E) all of the above.


20) Confuciusʹs primary concern was toA) restore Chinaʹs economic prosperity.B) reconcile the physical and spiritual worlds.C) explain the roles of death and afterlife.D) bring spiritual morality to China.E) improve Chinese society.


21) Confucius was a contemporary of all the following EXCEPTA) Buddha.B) Zoroaster.C) the Classical Greek philosophers.D) Abraham.E) none of the above.


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22) The principle of li in Chinese life expressesA) a kingʹs right to suppress all challenges to authority.B) the demand that loyalty to the ruler supercedes loyalty to family.C) prosperity, manners, and sacred rituals.D) a code of honor and chivalry for the nobility in both war and peace.E) the right of the Chinese people to rebel against government oppression.


23) Confuciusʹs view of society wasA) democratic.B) chaotic.C) theocratic.D) liberal.E) hierarchical.


24) Confucius believed that the improvement of society was the responsibility of theA) peasants.B) priests.C) nobility.D) individual citizen.E) ruler.


25) According to MenciusA) the welfare of the people was secondary to the welfare of the ruler.B) all people are morally equal.C) people had the right to express their political views.D) all people are by nature evil.E) people had the right to rebel against rulers who lost the Mandate of Heaven.


26) Menciusʹs contributions to Confucianism were his attacks on individualism and his advocacythat government

A) possesses the responsibility for the welfare of its people.B) must be based on violence to force the compliance of its people.C) should be chosen by its people.D) must establish strict laws.E) none of the above.


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27) Daoists believedA) political involvement of all people is essential.B) one must constantly strive to improve society.C) books are of primary importance.D) action is better than inaction.E) intuition, not reason, is the true source of knowledge.


28) The ultimate goal of Legalism wasA) benevolence toward the rulerʹs subjects.B) the expulsion of foreign invaders.C) an elaborate system of laws with fixed penalties.D) the establishment of a moral society.E) economic progress.


29) The essence of Daoism isA) escape from this world through union with the Absolute Reality.B) a life in conformity with nature.C) the pursuit of all things pleasurable to the senses.D) an attempt to better society through involvement in government.E) all of the above.


30) Which of the following is NOT consistent with the philosophers of the Warring States?A) response to the brutality of warB) left no permanent recordC) diverse cultural and regional environmentsD) became the ʺClassicsʺ or the heart of Chinese philosophyE) ability to transcend their time and place


31) A key feature of the legalist Qin dynasty wasA) Daoism.B) constant warfare and anarchy.C) a continuation of feudalism.D) the development and use of overwhelming power.E) its reliance on moral virtue.


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32) The chief economic reform of the Qin dynasty was toA) open new territories to Chinaʹs crowded population.B) rescue the impoverished feudal nobility.C) take land from the nobility and give ownership to the peasants.D) shift agriculture to rice cultivation.E) implement a tax on the nobility.


33) All of the following were achievements of the Qin dynasty EXCEPT itA) emphasized Confucianism.B) freed the serfs.C) constructed public works projects.D) implemented a universal draft.E) expanded the realm of China into South China to Vietnam.


34) The Qin dynastyʹs economic growth was due to all of the following EXCEPTA) emphasizing intellectual conformity.B) the construction of highways and canals.C) the completion of the Great Wall of China.D) a unified currency.E) the standardization of the written language.

Answer: CPage Ref: 53-54

35) Education during the Qin dynastyA) allowed open discourse.B) remained within families.C) was nonexistent.D) rested on the teaching of approved texts and interpretations.E) emphasized the Confucian Classics.


36) The death of the First Emperor of the Qin dynasty in 210 B.C.E. resulted inA) civil war.B) the establishment of a military regime for the next 30 years.C) succession by his eldest son, who maintained a strong empire.D) foreign conquest.E) none of the above.


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Civilizations, Past and Present, 12e (Edgar) · Chapter 2 Early Chinese Civilization 20 Chapter 3...

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