Civil War: The BasicsToday I only give you the basics, the skeleton

of what we refer to today as the American Civil War.

*These basics are simply to provide you with a common base of knowledge from which to begin.

After today’s lesson you will need to use these notes to study so that you can recognize these basic dates/events/people. You will keep the notes for a future project over Civil War that you will have after STAAR testing is finished.

The Backdrop: Sectionalism and the Breakdown of National Unity

Sectionalism-loyalty to the interests of one's own region or section of the country, rather than to the country as a whole. I

Missouri Compromise

was passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in the western territories. Everything below 36’30 including Missouri was considered slave territory.

Compromise of 1850

package of five separate bills passed in the United States in September 1850, to try and keep conflict down between the slave states of the South and the free states of the North regarding the status of territories acquired during the Mexican-American War (1846–1848).

1. California admitted as a free state

2. Slavery outlawed in nation’s capital Washington D.C.

3. Would allow popular sovereignty in other new territories in the West

4. Stricter Fugitive Slave Act

5. Set up boundaries in new states

Map of Compromise of 1850 and Missouri Compromise

Causes Pushing Nation to War

1. State’s Rights2. Growth of Slavery.... Invention of Cotton Gin by Eli Whitney in 1793 raised the demand for more slave labor.3. Growth of Abolitionist movement:Radical Abolitionist John Brown, Nat Turner and slave rebellions Writings and speeches of abolitionists ( Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, William Lloyd Garrison, The Grimke Sisters, and Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe, The Underground Railroad4. Slave vs. Free States ( Missouri Compromise/ Compromise of 1850)5. Threat of Secession/Preserving the Union6. Kansas-Nebraska Act (Popular Sovereignty) leads to Bleeding Kansas

Election of 186o and Secession

In 1860, Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln ran against each other again, this time for president.Lincoln had become well known from their debates about slavery.This time, Lincoln won, becoming the 16th president.

Facts:Lincoln ran against Douglas twice. Lincoln lost to Douglas once for Senator of Illinois but won against him for the Presidency-Lincoln gave his famous “House Divided Speech” during the

Lincoln-Douglas debates. “A house divided against itself cannot stand!”

-Douglas’s speech against Lincoln lasted over an hour and a half! One of the longest political speeches in U.S. history.

After Lincoln’s election, Southern states began to secede...in 1861, South Carolina became the 1st state to secede.

In Lincoln’s 1st Inagural Address, he pledges that he will do whatever it takes to preserve the Union and that if a war begins it will be the Southern states who started it.

“It follows from these views that no State, upon its own mere motion, can lawfully get out of the Union

In doing this there needs to be no bloodshed or violence; and there shall be none, unless it be forced upon the national authority. “

Abraham Lincoln, 1st Inaugural Address

Election of 1860 map vs. Secession Map 1861

Shots Fired/ War Breaks Out

Since South Carolina had seceded from the United States, it didn’t want Northern soldiers on its land at Fort SumterSouthern General Bueargard tried to get the northern general Anderson to peacefully surrender Fort Sumter.

The first major battle of the Civil War began on April 12, 1861.After 2 days, the North surrendered to the South.No one was killed but 1 soldier who was killed when a cannon backfired during the surrendering ceremony.

Advantages/Disadvantages of North & South Going Into the War

North (Union):Larger population - 22 million

- 90% of Industries/Factories

- efficient railroad system- controlled the navy, which could be used to blockade s. ports and shut

down the s. eco.- but would have to fight an offensive war

(long supply lines, unfamiliar territory...)- capable mil. leaders, inc. Ulysses S. Grant

South (Confederates):-Had excellent generals too -Robert E. Lee and General Stonewall Jackson-Defending is always easier than attacking - (familiar w/climate and territory, possible psychological advantages)-Farmers fight better than factory workers-Profitable eco. based on cotton exports

But disadvantages…a smaller pop. of 9 million (inc. 3.5 million slaves)had to import ind. goods; very

little munitions production-Less railroad and factories

Major Battles/ Battle Map

Gettysburg (Turning Point) /Gettysburg Address

Lee realized that the South was in dire straits and decided that it was crucial to attack the North on its own territoryJuly 1-3, 1863 - BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG, Pa.Confed. bombardment; Union held firmon July 3, General Pickett led 15,000 Confed. Troops across open fields - Union mowed them down (= "Pickett’s Charge")Lee was defeated and retreated to Virginia

Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the Western hemisphere.Over 100, 000 people died in 3 days It was the last time the South invaded the North.

Clip: Gettysburg Address https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uiqdA1B3_Nc

“Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation...that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Abe LincolnGettysburg AddressGettysburg PennsylvaniaNovember 1863Side Fact:

Lincoln wrote this speech on back of an envelope while riding a train on the way to the Gettysburg Battlefield.

It was only 2 minutes long.

Civil War Amendments/Emancipation Proclamation

13th

Freed all slaves. Outlawed slavery in the U.S.

14th

Granted Citizenship rights to former slaves.

15th

Granted suffrage to former slaves.

*These changes to the Constitution not officially made until after the Civil War ends.

Free Citizens Vote.

13th 14th 15th

Emancipation Proclamation

It freed the slaves only in states that have seceded from the Union.It did not free slaves in border states.

2nd Inaugural AddressThis time Lincoln’s address is more focused on peace and unity and healing the wounds of the war torn nation.

Vicksburg (Turning Point)

July 4, 1863 - another Union victory - VICKSBURGwon by U.S. Grant, cut South in 1/2 and gave the Union control of Mississippi River

Map of Vicksburg

General Sherman’s March to the Sea

Grant was then given control of all Union armies began a "scorched earth" policy to defeat the SouthGeneral Sheridan decimated Va.'s Shenandoah ValleyGeneral Sherman given task of taking Atlanta; his "March through Georgia" saw total destruction from Atlanta to Savannah

Gone with the Wind Clip

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qSEVyzKmlyU

2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnEZrV_WT44

African Americans in the WarThe 54th Regiment attack on Fort Wagner, SC-July 18, 1863

Picture

Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse

April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox, court house, Virginia.

Painting

Lincoln’s AssassinationLincoln was shot on Good Friday, April 14, 1865, while attending the play Our American Cousin at

Ford's Theatre as the American Civil War was drawing to a close. The assassination occurred five days after the commander of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, General

Robert E. Lee, surrendered to Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant and the Union Army, ending the American Civil War. Lincoln was the first American president to be assassinated, though an

unsuccessful attempt had been made on Andrew Jackson 30 years before in 1835. The assassination of Lincoln was planned and carried out by the well-known stage actor

John Wilkes Booth, as part of a larger conspiracy in a bid to revive the Confederate cause.

Picture Assassination of Lincoln

EFFECTS OF CIVIL WARcreation of a single unified countryabolition of slaveryincreased power to fed. gov't – killed the issue of states rightsU.S. now an industrial nationa stronger sense of nationalismw. lands increasingly opened to settlementSouth was economically and physically devastated, w/ the plantation system crippled...thus Reconstruction (rebuilding the U.S.) - but a deep hatred of the North remained..

Civil War Movie Trailerhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWhsOx5OXtc