Civil Rights Movement

Brown v. Board of Education

Supreme Court decision: segregated schools are unequal & must desegregateInclude Virginia case

Davis et al. v. County School Board of Prince William County, VA et al.Argued by Spotswood W. Robinson III along with Marshall on re-argumentDefended by J. Lindsay Almond Jr. AG of VA and T. Justin Moore

Key People

Thurgood Marshall – NAACP Legal Defense Team

Oliver Hill – NAACP Legal Defense Team in Virginia

Virginia Response

Massive Resistance—closing some schoolsEstablishment of private academiesWhite flight from urban school systems

Emmett Till

• 1954 – Chicago boy, went to visit relative in Money, Mississippi

• After saying something to a white store clerk, he was kidnapped and brutally killed

• Open casket funeral led to massive attention towards Civil Rights

Emmett Till

Emmett Till

• The Montgomery Bus Boycott (1956)– Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat to a white

man– Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. calls for a boycott of the

bus system• African Americans boycott the buses for 381

days

Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1956

Little Rock Nine (1957)

• Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas was integrating

• Students were often spit on, humiliated, treated harshly

• President Eisenhower sent national guard to protect students throughout year

Sit-ins Challenge Segregation (1960s)

• Four college students in Greensboro, North Carolina challenge segregation in restaurants

• They ‘sit-in’ a white-only restaurant and face discrimination, harassment, arrest

• Sit-ins begin to take place throughout south

• The Freedom Rides (1960-62)– Designed to test whether or not southern states

would obey new anti-segregation laws– Riders are greeted with violence– Three freedom riders are murdered in Alabama;

KKK (1961)

Freedom Rides, Map

Freedom Rides

1963 March on WashingtonParticipants were inspired by the “I have a dream” speech given by Martin Luther King, Jr.Helped influence public opinion to support civil rights legislationDemonstrated the power of non-violent, mass protest

March on Washington

Civil Rights Act of 1964Prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, & genderDesegregated public accommodationsPresident Lyndon Johnson played an important role in passing the act

16th Street Church bombing

• 1964; four little girls die in bombing• Some of the criminals not convicted until

2000s• Birmingham was a city that experienced great

violence during movement

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Voting Rights Act of 1965Outlawed literacy testsFederal registrars were sent to the South to register votersResults in an increase of African American votersPresident Lyndon Johnson played important role in passing the act

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Voting Rights Act

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Organization challenged segregation in the courts

Road to Civil Rights Poster

Create a poster with at least 5 people from the Civil Rights movement, and descriptions for each personAlso include at least 5 events from the movement, and descriptions.

Finally, add 5 pictures depicting the Civil Rights movement.