Civil Rights Movement!

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By: Christina and Korneshea Civil Rights Movement! By : Christina and Korneshea

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Civil Rights Movement!. By: Christina and Korneshea. By : Christina and Korneshea. Cases leading to the spark of the civil right movement!. Plessy vs. Fergusson (1896) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Civil Rights Movement!

Civil Rights Movements!

By: Christina and Korneshea

Civil Rights Movement!By : Christina and Korneshea

Cases leading to the spark of the civil right movement!Plessy vs. Fergusson (1896)A mixed petitioner challenged the Supreme court judge to the charges against him because the unconstitutionality of it by the city courts for refusing to move on a passenger train.It was denied for the petitioners relief and the charges were ruled constitutionalBelton (Bulah) vs. Gebhart (1951)Sarah Bulah tried to appeal to the Department of Public Instruction in Delaware to provide bus transportation for African-American students to school in HockessinShe went to Louis Redding and got advice for a petition their all-white neighborhood for their childrenDelaware Court of Chancery heard the case and the Chancellor ruled that they were being denied the right of equal protection of law and had the eleven children involved be immediately accepted into the white school

Cases leading to the spark of the civil right movement!Briggs v. Elliott (1950)

Twenty parents brought a suit against R. W. Elliott, president of school board of Clarendon County, South Carolina

The parents asked for county to provide school buses for African American students but petitions ignored them and the parents filed a suit that challenged the segregation.

Three-judge panel of U.S. District Court denied the parents request and ordered school board to begin the equalization of schools

Bolling vs. Sharpe (1950)

Gardener Bishop tried to get 11 African American students admitted to a newly completed John Philip Sousa junior high school but was turned away by the school, even though they had several empty classroom. Later on, James Nabrit Jr. didnt present any evidence to the court about the inferiority of the school, said he believed that sole issue was about segregation itself. The U.S District court dismiss the case on the basis of recent ruling by Court of Appeals in Carr vs. Corning and rendered a separate opinion based on the 5th Amendment because the 14th Amendment was not applicable in District of Columbia

Brown vs. Board of Education (1951)It was initiated by members of NAACP of Topeka, Kansas13 parents volunteered to participate and took their children to schools in their neighborhoods and attempted to enroll them for upcoming school year but was refused admission.This forced students to attend 1 of the 4 schools in the city for African AmericansIn February 1951 The case was filed to the U.S. District Court Furthermore the Court ruled against the parents, but placed in record its acceptance of the psychological evidence that the children were affected by segregation

Emmett TillHe was beaten and murdered in Mississippi for whistling at a white femaleHis murderers were found NOT guilty by Mississippis state court.Even thought they admitted to killing the young teenagerRosa ParksShe refused of giving up her seat on a public bus to a white man The result was that she was kicked off and arrestedThis led to Montgomery bus boycott Sparks + African Americans = Civil Rights MovementMartin Luther King, Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership ConferenceIn 1957, civil rights leaders, led by King, founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). This organization promoted equal rights through nonviolent civil protest and community development program1963Martin Luther King, Jr.With other civil rights leaders organized a March on Washington for jobs and freedoms250,00 supporters gatheredMartin Luther King, Jr. gave his I Have a Dream speechMartin Luther King, Jr.Was targeted by white racistsTerrorists bombed his homeGot arrested in Birmingham, AlabamaHe there wrote a letter from jail to ministers and reverends of African American churches in BirminghamWrote five books on his nonviolent Christian teachingsStride Toward Freedom(1958)Strength to Love(1963)Why We Can't Wait(1964)Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?(1967) The Trumpet of Conscience(1968)

Groups of Civil RightsStudent National Coordinating Committee (SNCC)Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)These groups staged boycotts, marches, and sit-ins

16th Street ChurchWas used as a meeting place for civil rights leadersTensions ran high in SCLC and the CORE when they became involved in trying to register African Americans to vote.On September 15, 1963A man was seen getting out of his car and placing a box under the steps of the church and then driving away.At 10:22 a.m. the bomb went off, four kids died in the explosion when they were attending Sunday SchoolDenise McNair (11)Addie Mae Collins (14)Carole Robertson (14) Cynthia Wesley (14)Bombing In Birmingham

Bombing in BirminghamGovernor George Wallis was to blame for the bombing by civil rights activistsThe bombing was told about in the New York Times two weeks laterRobert ChamblissMember of the Ku Klux KlanIdentified by a witness as the person who placed the bomb under the steps of the churchArrested and charged for murder and possessing a box of 122 sticks of dynamite without a permitFound not guilty on October 8,1963Received $100 dollar fine and a 6 month jail sentence for the dynamite

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

Was passed by President John F. Kennedy in 1963; This law was to protected rights of peoples freedom to seek employment, vote, hotel, parks, restaurants and other public places.Any individual who is discriminates against by an employer can file a complaint with the equal employment opportunity commission (EEOC), which was established by the actBefore the law was passed, African-Americans had to take complaints to court themselves but many couldnt afford to do so. Now the U.S. Department of Justice has to handle complaints of discrimination.The act also authorized the Office of Education to direct school desegregation programs in areas specifies by the government.

Were civil rights supporters who protested the continued segregation of buses and bus terminals in the southern unites states in 1961. In 1946 the Supreme Court had ruled that it was unconstitutional for public buses that crossed state lines to be segregated and later on in 1960 a similar ruling about bus terminals was passed.On May 4, 1961 The congress of racial equality (CORE) organized the freedom rides. The rides were meant to draw attention to places that were still segregated. This included many college students and members of the clergy.They traveled on buses from northern cities to places in the south, the white and African American freedom riders sat together in all parts of the buses and ignores all sighs that said separated white only areas from those for coloredMany freedom riders got off buses injured in conflicts from conflicts with crowds and authoritiesHundreds were jailedIn May A bus heading to New Orleans was attacked and burned in Anniston, Alabama. US Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy was sent federal marshals to Alabama with orders to keep the peace and make sure the freedom rider s could travel in safety.Freedom Riders

In todays society there are many groups of people who are being discriminated against because of their religion, sexual orientation, gender, or color. This is not right! Why should we allow this to happen to our family, friends, co-workers, or even complete strangers? The Equal Protection Clause is supposed to protect against discrimination, but it still occurs today in everyday life. We have a right to marry who we want, be friends with who we want and protect whomever. As Martin Luther King Jr. once said we should be judged on the content of [our] character. We discriminate against what we fear and what we are unknowledgeable about and that leads to many tragic events, I wish that people will learn to accept each other no matter their gender, color, disablities or sexual orientation.1. WomenThey were granted the right to vote by the 19th Amendment in 1920 but that didnt mean they were equal to men.Inequality and discrimination continued on particularly in the workplace.The Supreme Court Case Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. in 2006 had brought focus on the gap between the genders.Ledbetter started with the same pay but by retirement, she was earning $3,727 per month compared to 15 men who earned from $4,286 per month to $5,236 per month.The Supreme court ruled against Lilly Ledbetter, later congress passed the Lilly Ledbetter fair pay act of 2009, which gave women more leeway to fight discriminatory pay.Civil Rights Today!2. Gay RightsDiscrimination based on someone sexual orientation is also prevalent today. In 2010, the us militarys dont ask, dont tell policy was ruled that it violated the First Amendment right of free speech because gays could not openly discuss their sexual orientation and the 14th Amendments due process clause.The Obama administration has said it will no longer enforce the Defense of Marriage Act the 1996 law defining marriage as a legal union between a man and a woman, meaning the issue is entirely in the hands of the states. Some states, such as Vermont, Iowa, New York and Massachusetts, have passed laws allowing gay marriage. Other states allow civil unions for same-sex couples, and others still have passed outright bans.3. Immigration Rights After the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, the country became more suspicious of and resistant to immigrants. The issue of illegal immigration became a hot topic in the media, as well as in political debate, and states began passing tough laws targeting illegal immigrants and people from the Middle East. But even if someone is in the United States illegally, the Supreme Court ruled over a century ago in Yick Wo v. Hopkins that noncitizens are also covered by the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment.

Birmingham Jail

Works citedwww.worldbookonline.comwww.anneberyclassroom.orgwww.nps.govGoogle pictureswww.Youtube.com