CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTCIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

Who was Who was Thurgood Marshall?Thurgood Marshall?

African- American African- American lawyer who led the lawyer who led the challenge against challenge against segregation in Brown segregation in Brown v. Board of Education.v. Board of Education.

11stst African American African American Supreme Court Supreme Court JusticeJustice

What was What was Brown v. Board of Brown v. Board of Education?Education?

A Supreme Court A Supreme Court case in which case in which segregated schools segregated schools were ruled were ruled unconstitutional.unconstitutional.

Overturned Plessy Overturned Plessy v. Fergusonv. Ferguson

Led to whites entering Led to whites entering private schools and private schools and massive resistance massive resistance from whites.from whites.

What happened at What happened at Little Rock Little Rock High School?High School?

9 African American 9 African American students students desegregated Little desegregated Little Rock High School.Rock High School.

Eisenhower had to Eisenhower had to bring in troops to bring in troops to enforce the Brown v. enforce the Brown v. Board of Education Board of Education decision.decision.

Who was Rosa Parks?Who was Rosa Parks?

Woman who started Woman who started the Montgomery Bus the Montgomery Bus BoycottBoycott

Sparked the Civil Sparked the Civil Rights MovementRights Movement

Song: Sister Rosa by Song: Sister Rosa by the Neville Brothersthe Neville Brothers

What was the SCLC?What was the SCLC?

Formed in 1957 by Formed in 1957 by ministers and civil ministers and civil rights leaders.rights leaders.

Called the Southern Called the Southern Christian Leadership Christian Leadership Conference.Conference.

Led by Martin Luther Led by Martin Luther King Jr.King Jr.

What was SNCC?What was SNCC?

Known was the Known was the Student Non-Violent Student Non-Violent Coordinating Coordinating Committee.Committee.

Formed by mostly Formed by mostly college studentscollege students

Led sit-ins and Led sit-ins and peaceful protests.peaceful protests.

What were sit-ins?What were sit-ins?

Protest tactic in which Protest tactic in which blacks occupied blacks occupied whites-only seats at whites-only seats at lunch counters.lunch counters.

11stst sit-in was in sit-in was in Greensboro, North Greensboro, North Carolina (February Carolina (February 1960)1960)

Who were the freedom riders?Who were the freedom riders?

Name for Civil Rights Name for Civil Rights activists who tried to activists who tried to end segregation on end segregation on national buses.national buses.

Many times the Many times the freedom riders were freedom riders were harassed, fire harassed, fire bombed, or beaten.bombed, or beaten.

Who was James Meredith?Who was James Meredith?

First African American First African American to enroll in the all-to enroll in the all-white University of white University of Mississippi.Mississippi.

Kennedy sent in U.S. Kennedy sent in U.S. marshals to allow marshals to allow Meredith to attend Meredith to attend school.school.

Song: We Shall OvercomeSong: We Shall Overcome Song that represented Song that represented

the struggles of the Civil the struggles of the Civil Rights MovementRights Movement

Had been sung in African Had been sung in African American churches as American churches as early as 1900.early as 1900.

Lyndon B. Johnson used Lyndon B. Johnson used the phrase “We Shall the phrase “We Shall Overcome” in a Civil Overcome” in a Civil Rights Address to Rights Address to Congress.Congress.

Song: This Little Light of MineSong: This Little Light of Mine

A Negro spiritual that A Negro spiritual that became a Civil Rights became a Civil Rights anthem in the 1950’s anthem in the 1950’s and 1960’s.and 1960’s.

Has become a very Has become a very popular children’s popular children’s song over the years.song over the years.

Song: A Change is Gonna Song: A Change is Gonna Come by Sam CookeCome by Sam Cooke

Written in 1963 and Written in 1963 and released in late 1964 released in late 1964 after Cooke’s tragic after Cooke’s tragic death.death.

Song was inspired by an Song was inspired by an incident Cooke and his incident Cooke and his band tried to register at a band tried to register at a "whites only" motel in "whites only" motel in Shreveport, Louisiana Shreveport, Louisiana and were summarily and were summarily arrested for disturbing the arrested for disturbing the peace. peace.

Key song of the Civil Key song of the Civil Rights Movement.Rights Movement.

Black Power MovementBlack Power Movement Black Panther Party- Black Panther Party-

founded in Oakland, founded in Oakland, California by California by Huey Huey Newton and Bobby Newton and Bobby Seale in 1966. Other Seale in 1966. Other key leader was key leader was Stokely Carmichael.Stokely Carmichael.

Demanded respect and Demanded respect and would not turn the other would not turn the other cheek.cheek.

Controversial group that Controversial group that was investigated by the was investigated by the federal government.federal government.

1968 Olympics1968 Olympics Tommie Smith won the gold Tommie Smith won the gold

and John Carlos won the and John Carlos won the bronze in the 200 meters.bronze in the 200 meters.

Received the medals shoeless Received the medals shoeless and with black socks to and with black socks to represent black poverty.represent black poverty.

Wore beads to represent those Wore beads to represent those killed in the Middle Passage killed in the Middle Passage and by lynching.and by lynching.

Carlos forgot his gloves so Carlos forgot his gloves so Smith gave him one to wear on Smith gave him one to wear on his left hand for the salute his left hand for the salute during the national anthem.during the national anthem.

Both athletes were sent home Both athletes were sent home and treated terribly until and treated terribly until recently.recently.

Song: Say It Loud I’m Black and Song: Say It Loud I’m Black and I’m Proud by James BrownI’m Proud by James Brown

Recorded in 1968 by Recorded in 1968 by James Brown.James Brown.

Black power movement Black power movement songsong

Talks about prejudice Talks about prejudice towards blacks and black towards blacks and black empowermentempowerment

Song was recorded in LA Song was recorded in LA and background was and background was sung by mostly White and sung by mostly White and Asian children.Asian children.

Speech: I Have a DreamSpeech: I Have a Dream

Given on August 28, Given on August 28, 19631963

Part of the March on Part of the March on Washington to gain Washington to gain support for JFK’s Civil support for JFK’s Civil Rights Bill.Rights Bill.

What is the dream?What is the dream? As a nation, are we all As a nation, are we all

living the dream?living the dream?

Song: Let Freedom Ring (Hip Song: Let Freedom Ring (Hip Hop)Hop)

Brown v. Board of Brown v. Board of EducationEducation- overturns - overturns Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson

Rosa ParksRosa Parks- sparked the - sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott Montgomery Bus Boycott of December 1955.of December 1955.

Civil Rights Bill of 1964Civil Rights Bill of 1964- - Part of LBJ’s Great Part of LBJ’s Great Society, outlawed Society, outlawed segregation in public segregation in public places.places.

Song: Let Freedom Ring (Hip Song: Let Freedom Ring (Hip Hop)Hop)

Voting Rights Act of Voting Rights Act of 19651965- outlawed - outlawed literacy tests. literacy tests. Provided for federal Provided for federal registration of voters registration of voters in areas that had less in areas that had less than 50% of eligible than 50% of eligible minority voters minority voters registered. Extended registered. Extended by George W. Bush in by George W. Bush in 2006.2006.

Voting Rights Act MapVoting Rights Act Map

Watts Riots (1965)Watts Riots (1965) Protest turned into Protest turned into

rioting after an rioting after an African-American was African-American was pulled over by cops.pulled over by cops.

Escalated into rioting Escalated into rioting and the National and the National Guard was called in.Guard was called in.

Lasted 6 days, 34 Lasted 6 days, 34 people killed, 1,000 people killed, 1,000 injured and 100 injured and 100 million dollars of million dollars of damage.damage.

Riots also in Northern Riots also in Northern cities like Detroit and cities like Detroit and Newark.Newark.

What was the Kerner What was the Kerner Commission?Commission?

In 1968, issued a In 1968, issued a study on the cause of study on the cause of urban violence.urban violence.

The main cause of The main cause of urban violence in the urban violence in the cities was white cities was white racism.racism.

Does this still hold Does this still hold true today?true today?

What was the Civil Rights Act of What was the Civil Rights Act of 1968?1968?

This law banned This law banned discrimination in discrimination in housing.housing.

Are their examples Are their examples today where today where discrimination has discrimination has occurred in housing?occurred in housing?

What is affirmative action?What is affirmative action?

Program that began Program that began in the late 1960’s to in the late 1960’s to make special efforts make special efforts to hire or enroll to hire or enroll minorities.minorities.

Why is this policy Why is this policy controversial?controversial?

Medgar EversMedgar Evers

African-American Civil African-American Civil Rights Activist from Rights Activist from Mississippi was Mississippi was assassinated by a assassinated by a white supremacist in white supremacist in 1963.1963.

Byron De La Beckwith Byron De La Beckwith was finally convicted was finally convicted of murder in 1994.of murder in 1994.

John F. KennedyJohn F. Kennedy President of the United President of the United

States from 1961-1963States from 1961-1963 Bays of Pigs-failed Bays of Pigs-failed

attempt to overthrow attempt to overthrow CastroCastro

Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis Americans embraced his Americans embraced his

optimism for a better optimism for a better future.future.

Assassinated in Dallas, Assassinated in Dallas, Texas by Lee Harvey Texas by Lee Harvey Oswald in November Oswald in November 1963.1963.

Malcolm XMalcolm X Spokesperson for Nation Spokesperson for Nation

of Islam.of Islam. Left Nation of Islam in Left Nation of Islam in

1964 and advocated 1964 and advocated political and economic political and economic black nationalism.black nationalism.

Disagreed with Martin Disagreed with Martin Luther King Jr. philosophy Luther King Jr. philosophy of passive resistance.of passive resistance.

Assassinated by members Assassinated by members of the Nation of Islam in of the Nation of Islam in 1965.1965.

Speech: Malcolm X videoSpeech: Malcolm X video

Martin Luther King Jr.Martin Luther King Jr.

Leader of the American Leader of the American Civil Rights MovementCivil Rights Movement

Led non-violent protests Led non-violent protests and passive resistance and passive resistance (like Gandhi in India)(like Gandhi in India)

Assassinated in Assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee Memphis, Tennessee on April 4, 1968 by on April 4, 1968 by James Earl Ray.James Earl Ray.

Robert F. Kennedy Robert F. Kennedy Brother of JFK and Brother of JFK and

Attorney General under Attorney General under JFK.JFK.

Ran for the Democratic Ran for the Democratic Nomination for President Nomination for President in 1968.in 1968.

Assassinated in a Assassinated in a California Hotel by Sirhan California Hotel by Sirhan B. Sirhan because of B. Sirhan because of RFK’s support of Israel in RFK’s support of Israel in the Six Day War. the Six Day War.

In the Ghetto by Elvis PresleyIn the Ghetto by Elvis Presley

Made popular by Elvis Made popular by Elvis Presley in 1969.Presley in 1969.

Calling public Calling public attention to life in the attention to life in the inner cities.inner cities.

Culture of poverty and Culture of poverty and cycle of violence.cycle of violence.

How have things How have things changed or have they changed or have they stayed the same?stayed the same?

Fast Car by Tracy ChapmanFast Car by Tracy Chapman

Recorded in 1988.Recorded in 1988. Song about the cycle Song about the cycle

of poverty and how it of poverty and how it is so hard to break.is so hard to break.

What does the fast What does the fast car represent?car represent?

What is the singer’s What is the singer’s definition of the definition of the American dream?American dream?

Essay AssignmentEssay Assignment

Write a 1-2 page essay on your idea of the Write a 1-2 page essay on your idea of the American Dream. Include the following:American Dream. Include the following:- Define the American Dream.- Define the American Dream.

- What does it take to achieve the American - What does it take to achieve the American Dream?Dream?

- What roadblocks are in the way of the - What roadblocks are in the way of the American Dream?American Dream?- Why are many Americans not living the - Why are many Americans not living the dream?dream?