Goal 11

A. C.O.R.E.:Congress on Racial

Equality, an interracial organization that tried to

bring change through peaceful confrontation.

B. Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka,

Kansas (1954): court case that

overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (separate but

equal) and said that schools must be

integrated.

C. Thurgood Marshall:a civil rights leader

appointed to the Supreme Court in 1967.

He ruled over many important civil rights

cases for many decades.

D. Montgomery bus boycotts:

Rosa Parks challenged segregation on buses in 1955 which led to the

boycott of the bus system.

E. Martin Luther King, Jr.:

Leader of the civil rights movement who

advocated non-violent means of achieving

equality. He was assassinated in 1968.

F. Little Rock Nine: President Eisenhower

sent in troops to protect 9 African American

students entering into Central High School in

Little Rock, AR

G. S.N.C.C.:Organization of young African Americans who

wanted immediate change. They later

became associated with the Black Power

Movement.

H. Sit-ins:Method of protesting

segregation where people would sit in a restaurant until they

were served.

I. Freedom Riders:Protesters tested

desegregation laws by riding buses into the

south – troops were sent in to protect them.

(Freedom Summer)

J. 24th amendment: outlawed poll taxes

K. March on Washington:

200,000 people came to Washington, DC to protest civil rights –

where Martin Luther King Jr. gave his “I have

a dream” speech.

L. Civil Rights Act of 1964 :

called for equal rights in jobs, schools, voting, and

public services.

M. Voting Rights Act of 1965:

Allowed federal officials to register voters where locals would not allow;

eliminated literacy tests.

N. Malcolm X: Important figure in the Black Power Movement who later changed his

views away from violent protest. He was

assassinated in 1965.

O. Black Power Movement/Black

Panthers:Militant group who

fought for civil rights. They called for African

Americans to unite – Black Nationalism. (Marcus Garvey)

P. Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenburg Schools(1971):

Said that bussing was a legal way to promote

integration.