Civil Engineering Presentation - Reza S. · PDF file(Gaviones LEMAC (2003) 39 . Retaining...
Transcript of Civil Engineering Presentation - Reza S. · PDF file(Gaviones LEMAC (2003) 39 . Retaining...
Geotechnical Engineering
CE 3348
Lecture 1: Introduction
Instructor: Reza Ashtiani, Ph.D.
Spring 2018
UGLC 342
Lecture Sessions : MW 12:30-1:20 pm
Laboratory Sessions: MWF 1:30-4:30 pm
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Civil and Mechanical Engineering (2012)
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Course Structure
Textbook: An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 2nd Edition by
Holtz, Kovacs and Sheahan, Publisher: Prentice Hall, 2011.
Class Website: www.RezaSalehi.com/CE-3348-Geotech
Site Password: students
Grading:
1. Final Comprehensive Exam (300 points)
2. Two Mid-Term Exams (300 points)
3. Laboratory Reports (200 points)
4. Homework Assignments (200 Points)
5. Critical Assessment (attendance and involvement in class
discussions) (50 points)
__________________________________________
Total: 1050 Points
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CE
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-Geo
tech
nic
al
Eng
inee
rin
g
Ph
ysic
al P
rop
erti
es
o
f So
ils
Weight-Volume Relations
Phase Diagrams
Soil Texture Atterberg Limits
Soil Plasticity
Shrink-Swell Potential Aggregate Geometry
Soil Classification USCS Method
AASHTO Method
Soil Compaction M
ech
an
ica
l An
aly
sis
of
Soils
Effective Stress
Pore Water Pressure
Geostatic Stresses Effective Stress
Calculations
Flow of Water in Soils
1D-Flow Theory Darcy’s Law
Soil Permeability
Constant Head Permeability Test
Falling Head Permeability test
2D-Flow Theory Flow Nets
External Stresses Boussinesq Theory Newmark Method
Westergaard Theory
Shear Strength of Soils
Mohr-Coulomb Theory
Direct Shear Test
Triaxial Tests
Consolidated Drained (CD)
Consolidated Undrained (CU)
Unconsolidated Undrained (UU)
Mohr Circle
Settlement Analysis
Immediate Settlement
Primary Consolidation
Secondary Compression
Time Rate of Settlement
Course Outline
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Item Description Quantity
Lecture Topics 9
Lecture Segments 16
PowerPoint Slides 651
Solved Examples in the Class 34
Laboratory Tests 7
Laboratory Reports 7
Homework Assignments 6
Homework Problems 45
Exams 3
CE3348 Score Card Previous Semester (Spring 2017)
Geotechnical engineering is a branch of civil engineering, whereas engineering geology is a
branch of geology. These two disciplines are closely related, and the discipline combining the
two is sometimes called geotechnics. Note: This illustration is not a complete listing of the branches of either discipline.
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Distinction between Geotechnical Engineering and Geology
Provide students with physical, mechanical,
and mathematical tools and concepts for the
understanding of engineering behavior of
soils and introduction to engineering design
of geotechnical systems.
Course Objective
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Significance of the CE3348 Course
All the civil engineering structures, whether
built on earth or any other continuum, is
greatly influenced by the foundation.
The performance and safety of civil
engineering structures are primarily dependent
on proper characterization of soil-structure
interaction.
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According to a geologist, Soil is the material in
the relative thin surface zone within which roots
occur, and all the rest of the crust is grouped
under the term ROCK irrespective of its hardness.
According to a civil engineer, Soil is the un-
aggregated or un-cemented deposits of mineral
and/or organic particles or fragments covering
large portion of the earth's crust.
Definitions of Soils
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Soil mechanics is a discipline that applies the principles of engineering mechanics to soils to predict the mechanical behavior of granular materials.
Geotechnical Engineering is the branch of civil engineering that deals with soil, rock, and underground water, and their relation to the design, construction and operation of engineering projects.
Definitions, cont.
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Geological Characteristics of Soil
Physical Soil Parameters
Seepage though Soils
Stress and Strain in Soils
Effective Stresses
Deformation in Soils
Shear Stress in Soils
Components of Soil Mechanics
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Buildings—the Sears Tower in Chicago is one of the tallest buildings in the world (1450 ft.,110 story). It
needs massive foundations to transmit the structural loads into the ground. The design of these foundations
depends on the nature of the underlying soils. Geotechnical engineers are responsible for assessing these soil
conditions and developing suitable foundation designs.
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Examples of Geostructures
Bridges—the foundation for the south pier of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco had to be built in the
open sea. It extends down to bedrock, some 30 m (100 ft) below the water level and 12 m (40 ft) below the
channel bottom. This was especially difficult to build because of the tremendous tidal currents at this site.
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Examples of Geostructures
Dams—Oroville Dam in California is one of the largest earth dams in the world. It is made of
61,000,000 m3 (80,000,000 yd3) of compacted soil. The design and construction of such dams
require extensive geotechnical engineering expertise.
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Examples of Geostructures
Tunnels—the Ted Williams Tunnel is part of the Central Artery Project in Boston. This
prefabricated tunnel section was floated to the job site, and then sunk into a prepared trench in the
bottom of the bay. Its integrity depends on proper support from the underlying soils.
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Examples of Geostructures
The leaning tower of Pisa. (Adapted from Terzaghi 1934a.)
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Failure of Geostructures
Slope failure
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Failure of Geostructures
This house was built near the top of a slope and had a beautiful view of the Pacific
Ocean. Unfortunately, a landslide occurred during a wet winter, undermining the house
and causing part of its floor to fall away.
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Failure of Geostructures
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Failure of Geostructures
Teton Dam in Idaho failed in 1976, only a few months after the embankment had been completed
and the reservoir began to be filled. This failure killed 14 people and caused about $400 million
of property damage. (Picture Courtesy of the Bureau of Reclamation)
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Failure of Geostructures
The 1964 Niigata Earthquake in Japan caused extensive liquefaction in this port city. These
apartment buildings rotated when the underlying soils liquefied. (Courtesy of Earthquake
Engineering Research Center Library, Berkeley, California.)
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Failure of Geostructures
The approach fill to this highway bridge has settled because the underlying soils are soft clays
and silts. However, the bridge has not settled because it is supported on piles. Although this
“failure” is not as dramatic as the others, it is a source of additional maintenance costs, and can
be a safety hazard to motorists and pedestrians.
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Failure of Geostructures
Design is the process whereby a problem is
solved for a certain conditions and constrains,
and meeting specified performance criteria.
This definition applies to any civil and
geological engineering system.
Geotechnical Design
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Bearing capacity of soils: design of shallow and
deep foundations
Lateral Earth Pressure: design of retaining
structures
Slope stability problems
Design of earth dams
Ground improvement
Pavement and runway foundations
Geosynthetic design
Geo-environmental engineering
Basic Geotechnical Engineering
Design and Analysis Projects
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Foundation Systems
Designing of Shallow
Foundation Systems –
Differential settlements
“Canada's Leaning Tower or
the "Kissing Silos”
(from Sharma 2003)
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Foundation Systems
Deep Foundation Systems: Driven Piles
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Foundation Systems
Deep Foundation Systems: Drilled Shafts
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Earth Pressure
and Retaining Walls
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(The Reinforced Wall Company 2003)
Earth Pressure and Retaining Walls
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Retaining Structures and Sheet Piles
(Boulanger and Duncan 2003)
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Retaining Structures
(Gaviones LEMAC (2003)
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Retaining Structure Systems
(Boulanger and Duncan 2003)
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Retaining Structure Systems
Excavation Support Systems
(Boulanger and Duncan 2003)
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Geosynthetics
Geosynthetic stabilized walls
(Environmental Science & Engineering 2007) (kshitija.wordpress.com 2007)
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(Boulanger and Duncan 2003)
Ground Improvement Stone Columns
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(Boulanger and Duncan 2003)
Ground Improvement Jet Grouting
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(Boulanger and Duncan 2003)
Ground Improvement Injection Grouting
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(Boulanger and Duncan 2003)
Ground Improvement Chemical Injection
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Geo-Environmental Engineering
(from Willmer 2001)
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Landfill
(from Norwegian Geotechnical Institute 2001)
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National Archives: 114 SC 5089
A nation that destroys its soils, destroys itself. – President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Feb. 26, 1937.
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