Circulatory System 2015 Presented by Mr. Shoup

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Consist of the following:

•Heart

•Blood

•Blood Vessels

Purpose of Circulatory System

• Provides oxygen to cells• Removes Carbon Dioxide from cells• Circulates nutrients to the cells.

Heart

• Four Chamber Muscular Pump• Circulates blood to and from the body parts• 2 ounces of blood per heart beat• Beats 72-80 beats per minute• Top Chambers- Atriums• Bottom Chambers-Ventricles

Heart Attacks

• Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the leading cause of premature death today

• Each year 1.1 million Americans suffer a heart attack

• 460,000 heart attacks are fatal-lead to death• About ½ of those deaths occur in 1 hour from

the start of the symptoms. Most within 2hrs.• Every 32-34 seconds of the day, someone is

having a heart attack and dies.• 1 to 3 heart attack deaths per minute.

Children Heart Attacks• Congenital heart disease-congenital heart defect-

present at birth.• 8 out 1,000 infants born each year• ~40,000 born with heart defects each year.• Most benefit from surgery There is nothing that parents could have done to

prevent these defects• Septal Defects/Rheumatic Fever/Endocarditis• Kawasaki Disease-usually 5 and under

• These the parents could have prevented! Smoking/Drinking/Hard Drug Use/Eating Disorders

during pregnancy can lead to birth defects to the heart.

Reasons for Heart AttacksMyocardial Infarction

• Ischemia-when to little blood reaches the heart• Thrombosis-moving “blood clot”• Cause: Injury, Disease, High blood pressure• Coronary Occlusion-”Blockage”• Cause: Plaque-fat, Calcium, Blood clot Atherosclerosis-(plaque) leading cause for heart attacks Arteriosclerosis-hardening of the arteries (Calcium)• Coronary Arteries-Hemorrhage Causes: weak artery wall, high blood

pressure, diseaseLower cholesterol level by 1% decrease changes of

heart disease by 2%.

Atherosclerosis

Cholesterol Levels for ChildrenAges 2-19 years of age

• Acceptable-less than 170mg/dL Adults >200• Borderline-170-199mg/d/L Adults 200-239• High-200 or greater mg/dL Adults 240>• LDLs cholesterol-bad guy- Low Density LipoProteins L= Losers!• Acceptable-less than 110 Adults>150• Borderline-110-129 Adults150-190• High-130 and greater Adults200-499

500> very high risk

• HDLs-50mg/dl or higher is very good High Density Lipoproteins-good guys-H=Happy!

What Determines Your Blood Cholesterol Levels?

• Body makes own cholesterol-liver and from the foods we eat.

• Others:• Genetics• Diet• Stress• Weight• Age• Gender-sex• Diabetes-2xs higher risk• Medications: Birth Control Pills, Diuretics

WARNING SIGNS FOR HEARTATTACKS

• Squeezing of the Heart feeling• Fatigue• Shortness of Breath• Lightheadedness• Sweating• Nausea• Pale Bluish Face Skin• Dizziness• Weakness• Pain in left arm• CALL 911 RIGHT AWAY-DO NOT WAIT!

MEDICAL TREATMENT FOR HEART ATTACKS

• Nitroglycerin• Injection of Streptokinase• Defibrillator• Cardiac Cauterization• Angioplasty or Balloon Angioplasty• By-Pass Surgery• Stent• Future: Artificial Hearts-now have-temporary Xenografts-Animal Transplants

Stem cells?

Factors That We Can Not Control

• Age-Increase for men after 45

Increase for women after 55• Gender-Sex • Hereditary- Genes• Men have higher rates than women

until the age of 55, then starts to equal out, but still higher in men.

Risk Factors That We Can Control

• Smoking• High Blood Pressure-Hypertension 140/90• Normal Blood Pressure is120/80• 120 equals Systolic Pressure-Ventricles• 80 equals Diastolic Pressure-Atriums• Diet-Saturated fats decrease-red meats Increase fruits and vegetables and grains.• Control Weight-Obesity• Physical Inactivity-Exercise• Diabetes

Blood

• Humans have 8-10 pints• 4-5 Quarts• 1to11/2 gallons of blood• Blood Donation

38,000+ units of blood per day is needed

14+ million units per year is needed

15 million people are saved each year

BLOOD COMPONENTS

• Plasma 55% of the blood Bathes the blood cells-Straw like in color

Liquid part of the blood-90% water• Store in blood bank for 1 yr.• Red Blood Cells-no nucleus, donut shape 42%-45% of the blood Live for 4 months 20-30 trillion RB Cells Contains Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin

• Transports Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide• Turns blood red in color• Made of iron and protein• Use for blood transfusions-store for 3 yrs• Anemia: Iron Deficiency • Pernicious Anemia-B vitamin• Sickle Cell Anemia

White Blood Cells• Destroy bacteria and viruses• Made in the bone marrow and lymph glands• Live a few days 3-5 or little longer

• Lymphoma: Hodgkin, and Non-Hodgkin Affects Immune/Lymphatic Systems• Leukemia: Acute and Chronic• Disease: Mononucleosis 85% of cases is between 15-30 years of age

Symptoms: Diagnosed by:Sore throat Blood testSwollen glandsFever-102 Transmission:Excessive fatigue Body Fluids: SalivaWeakness

Platelets

• Clot the blood• Smallest of the blood cells• Repair blood vessels• Store for up to 72 hours

Blood Vessels• Arteries: Carries blood away from the heart Contain smooth muscle on their walls

• Arterioles: Smallest of the arteries, meet veins

• Veins: Take blood back to the heart

Have valves all the way through them Walls of the veins are thinner than arteries• Venules: Smallest of the veins, meet arteries

Blood Vessels• Capillaries:

Smallest blood vessels where arteries and

veins meet.

Blood Donation

• Must be 17 for the American Red Cross with parent consent form 16

• Must be 16 for the Community Blood Bank with parent consent form Must be at least 110lbs.________________________________________ Registration-Sign In Medical History-fill out questionnaire Pak-Issue-then go to waiting area to donate Donor Unit-donate blood 20 minutes Canteen- recover food and drinks 5-10-15 min. http://www.redcrossblood.org/donating-blood/donation-process/

donation-process-video

Facts about Blood Needs• Every two seconds someone in the U.S. needs blood.• More than 41,000 blood donations are needed every day.• A total of 30 million blood components are transfused each year in

the U.S.• The average red blood cell transfusion is approximately 3 pints.• The blood type most often requested by hospitals is Type O.• Sickle cell disease affects more than 70,000 people in the U.S.

About 1,000 babies are born with the disease each year. Sickle cell

patients can require frequent blood transfusions throughout their lives.• More than 1.6 million people were diagnosed with cancer last year.

Many of them will need blood, sometimes daily, during their chemotherapy treatment.

• A single car accident victim can require as many as 100 pints of blood.

http://www.redcrossblood.org/learn-about-blood/blood-facts-and-statistics

 

Caucasians African American Hispanic Asian

O + 37% 47% 53% 39%

O - 8% 4% 4% 1%

A + 33% 24% 29% 27%

A - 7% 2% 2% 0.5%

B + 9% 18% 9% 25%

B - 2% 1% 1% 0.4%

AB + 3% 4% 2% 7%

AB - 1% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1%

Blood Types Per Nationality

Note: (AB-) least common of all blood types per nationality!

There are four major blood groups determined by the presence or absence of two antigens – A and B – on the surface of red blood cells:

Group A – has only the A antigen on red cells (and B antibody in the plasma)

Group B – has only the B antigen on red cells (and A antibody in the plasma)

Group AB – has both A and B antigens on red cells (but neither A nor B antibody in the plasma)

Group O – has neither A nor B antigens on red cells (but both A and B antibody are in the plasma)

http://www.redcrossblood.org/donating-blood/donor-zone/games/blood-type

http://www.redcrossblood.org/donating-blood/donorzone/games/blood-type

  Parent 1 AB

AB

AB

AB

B A A O O O

Parent 2 AB

B A O B B A B A O

Possiblebloodtypeofchild

O         X X X X X X

A X X X X   X X   X  

B X X X X X X   X    

AB X X X     X        

Stroke Indicators

S *Ask the individual to SMILE

T *Ask the person to TALK and SPEAK A SIMPLE SENTENCE (Coherently)

(ex: It is snowing out today.)

R *Ask him or her to RAISE BOTH ARMS.