Circuit Theory I Elec 105
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Transcript of Circuit Theory I Elec 105
Circuit Theory IElec 105
Study guide for students using
Introductory Circuit Analysis, 12th Ed. by Boylestad
Lecture Overview
• Introduction• Voltage and Current• Resistance• Ohm’s Law, Power and Energy• Series circuits• Parallel circuits• Series-Parallel circuits
• Methods of Analysis• Mesh • Nodal
• Network Theorems• Capacitors• Inductors• Magnetic circuits • Sinusoidal Alternating
Waveforms
Green—before midterm Blue—after midterm
Lab Overview
• Using calculators/spreadsheets /breadboards• Using meters to measure
resistance, voltage, current• Verifying Ohms Law, Power, and
Energy• Series measurements
• Parallel measurements• Series-Parallel measurements• Verifying Network Theorems• Testing Capacitors• Testing Inductors• Measuring magnetic circuits
Green—before midterm Blue—after midterm
Student photos taking this course
Elec105 Sections 01/02 (left) and Section 05/06 (right) in Lecture at Wentworth Hall, Room 308
Week 1—Introduction
• Units of measurement• Systems of units: English/metric
(MKS &CGS)/SI• Significant figures, accuracy and
rounding off• Using powers of ten for
calculations and with different devices
• Decimal representation: fixed & floating point/scientific/ engineering• Conversions: power of ten and
between systems of units• Symbols and using conversion
tables• Using calculators/spreadsheets
/computers/MatLab• Sample problems
Chapter homework: 4, 7, 11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 23, 29, 36, 42, 45 (all letters)
Homework demo Chapter 19/23/14
How to solve unit conversion problems, selecting the right conversion factors or inverting it, which is more accurate: miles or feet?
Using formulas and proportions to solve equations. Recognizing errors. Ball parking the answers to validate your answer by estimation
Homework Demo Chapter 1 9/23/14
How to recover from errors in calculations, decimal placement, not reading the question right, double-checking, selecting units & tracking unit cancellations
Week 2—Voltage and Current (V & I)• Atomic structure of atoms:• Protons, Neutrons, Electrons,
Shells• Coulomb’s Law• Forces and charges• Conventional flow vs. electron
flow
• Voltage—what is voltage?• Current—what is current?
• Voltage sources• Ampere-hour rating• Conductors and insulators• Semiconductors• Ammeters • Voltmeters• Applications• Sample problems
Chapter homework: 2, 4a, 6, 8, 10, 13, 18, 16, 22, 29,
Preview Ch.3 power point for 9/17Begin Multisim lab #1
Week 2 photos of board work
Formula 2.2 page 36 defining voltage-energy-charge relationship (left) and rest of board work thru slide 24
Week 2 photos of board work for rest of Ch2
Coulomb’s Law with units and constant k. Battery life 2.8 and sample unit conversions
Week 3—Resistance (R)
• Resistance • Formula• Circular Mils (CM)• Wire Tables• Temperature effects• Types of resistors• Variable resistors• Color coding
• Conductance• Ohmmeters• Resistivity (r)• Memristor, superconductors,
thermistors, photoconductive cells, and varistors• Sample problems
Chapter homework: 1a, 2a, 3a, 9a, 11a, 17a, 30a, 35a, 40, 45
Images from Resistance lectures
Week 4—Ohm’s Law, Power, and Energy• Ohm’s Law• Power• Joules• horsepower
• Energy• Formula • Kilowatt hour (kWh)
• Efficiency• Circuit breakers, GFCIs, and
Fuses• Applications• Sample problems
Chapter homework: 5, 8, 13a, 20, 23, 36, 37, 40, 50, 56
Board work for Ohm’s Law
Lab explanation for Ohm’s Law Lab on 9/22/14
I-V relationship
Developing I-V relationship as a linear relationship Demonstrating the linear formula y=mx +b is I=(1/R)V+0
Chapter 4 board work on Power Theorems
Board work on how P=W/t is developed into working formulas for measurement instruments. Also wrote up handout on information on page 107 in text on same material and emailed everyone.
Week 5—Series circuit
• Series resistors• Series circuits• Power distribution • Voltage sources in series• Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)• Voltage divider rule • Interchanging series elements
• Notation• Voltage regulation • Internal resistance of voltage
sources• Loading effect of instruments &...• Applications• Sample problems
Chapter homework: 2a, 4a, 7, 8, 9a, 12, 16, 18, 23a, 28a
Chapter 5 board work
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law with examples Voltage divider formula with examples
More board work from Chapter 5
More on voltage divider rule with add’l material
Week 6—Parallel Circuits
• Parallel resistors• Parallel circuits• Power distribution• Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)• Current divider rule• Voltage source in parallel
• Open circuits• Short circuits• Voltmeter loading effects• Summary table• Applications• Sample problems
Chapter homework: 3a-c, 5e, 7, 9, 13, 16, 24, 27, 31, 40
Board work on Parallel circuit calculations
Week 7—Series-Parallel Circuits
• Series-parallel networks• Reduce and return analysis• Block diagram analysis• Descriptive examples• Ladder networks• Voltage divider as a supply
source
• Potentiometer loading• Applications• Ammeter, Voltmeter, and
Ohmmeter design• Solving circuit problems using a
spreadsheet/calculator• Sample problems
Chapter homework: 3, 6, 11, 17, 27, 30, 33, 42
Midterm Review preparation
Midterm Review preparation
Week 8—Methods of Analysis • 1st Lecture• Current sources & conversions• Current sources parallel/series• Branch-current analysis• Problems 1, 2, 7, 11, 15, 19
• 2nd Lecture• Use Power Point Nodal & Mesh
Analysis• Mesh analysis• Problems 32, 37, 39
• 3rd Lecture• Use Power Point Nodal
& Mesh Analysis• Nodal analysis• Problems 40, 43, 48
• 4th Lecture• Bridge networks• Delta-Wye conversions• Problems 57, 66
Board work on simultaneous equation solutions
More board work on simultaneous equations
More board work on matrix solutions
Week 9—Network Theorems
• Superposition Theorem• Thevenin Theorem• Norton’s Theorem• Maximum Power Transfer
• Millman’s Theorem• Substitution Theorem• Reciprocity Theorem• Computer analysis• Sample problems
Chapter homework: 1, 8, 9, 21, 30, 38, 43, 46Homework after this point on was cancelled so we could concentrate on solving problems that students were encountering. For example: six students in the morning section did not know how to calculate the area of a circle much less do it in meters.
Week 10--Capacitors
• The electric field—e • Capacitance • What is it?• How to calculate it?
• Capacitors • Transients in capacitive networks• Initial conditions• Instantaneous values
• Time constant: RC• The current: iC
• Capacitance calculation via series/parallel formulas• Energy stored by a capacitor• Stray capacitances• Applications• Sample problems
Chapter homework: 1, 6, 19, 23, 33, 39, 47, 49, 53, 56
Capacitors
Calculating the area for a 1 farad capacitors…
Behavior of capacitor from an overview perspective and RC calculation.
Descriptive analysis of a capacitor
Behavior of e-t/τ
Behavior of capacitor from an overview perspective and RC calculation.
Behavior of e^-t/tal
Week 11—Inductors
• Electromagnetic theory• Calculation of Inductance• Induced voltage vL
• Transients: storage/release• Initial conditions• Instantaneous values
• Time constant: L/R• Average induced voltage• Inductance calculation via
series/parallel formulas• Steady state conditions• Energy stored by an inductor• Samples problems
Chapter homework: 1, 2, 3a, 4, 11, 29, 36, 38, 43
Lab combining Inductors and Capacitors
Week 12—Magnetic Circuits
• Magnetic field• Reluctance• Ohm’s Law for magnetics• Magnetizing Force• Hysteresis• Ampere’s Circuital Law
• Flux Φ (Greek PHI) (pronounced as fee)
• Series magnetic circuits• Air Gaps• Series-parallel magnetic circuits• Determining Φ• Applications• Sample problems
Chapter homework: 3, 5, 7, 9, 14a, 17a, 19
Week 13—Sinusoidal Alternating Waveforms• Characteristics and definitions• Frequency spectrum• Sinusoidal waveform• Voltage and current waveforms
• Phase relations• Average value• RMS values• AC meter and instruments• Sample problems
Chapter homework: 1, 4, 8, 9 (don’t redraw), 10-14 a only, 17a, 27a, 39, 47