CHARACTERIZATIONPRESERVATION

EXPERTISE

Cultural heritageHistoric monuments

CIRAM Analysis

september 2007

When science meets Art and Heritage

CIRAM, Innovation and Research Center for Analysis and Marking,

offers you its scientific and technical skills in numerous analytical areas.

CIRAM offers you a real scientific accompaniment.

More than an ordinary service provider, CIRAM promises to be a quality partner and an experienced adviser.

.

The CIRAM quality charter includes:

The immediate taking in charge of your request,

The proposition of an analysis in adequacy to the problematics posed,

A rigorous and carefully thought out analytical reasoning, based, particularly, on a detailed knowledge of the methods used, of the optimum implementation conditions, of the limits,

An adapted technology, ensuring a result scientifically rigorous,

A critical synthesis of the data obtained,

Study delays reduced.

X-Ray radiography and imaging in situ

Safe marking

Characterization of the materials

CIRAM

We have the means and the will to be a real scientific partner,

attentive to your problematics.

1

We accompany you in all the steps of the analytic process,

from the sampling to the interpretation of the results.

CIRAM

Characterization of the materials The aim of these studies is to identify the composition and the deterioration of the materials, to reveal previous modification steps and to propose a technical assistance to their restoration.

CIRAM’s skills cover a wide spectra of mineral, metallic, organic materials analysis techniques.

The analysis Stratigraphical study, characterization of the supports, of the painting grounds, of the colouring materials, of the minerals and of the binders. Preservation level, pentiments, underlying drawings. The means Optical microscopy and SEM-EDX (energy dispersion X-Ray), PIXE, Raman Spectrometry, FTIR Spectrometry, Chromatography, Micro chemical tests, Ultra Violet and Infrared spectra imaging and HD digital X-Ray radiography fully transportable.

Painting

Stone

The analysis

n

eralogical study, characterization of the deteriorations and of the previous treatments, microbiological study.

The means

Optical microscopy and SEM-EDX, Raman spectrometry, X-Rays diffraction, Soluble salts, DNA sequencing.

Mi

Metal The analysis Composition of the alloys and identification of the corrosion processes, development and localisation of the deteriorations. The means Metallographic microscopy and SEM-EDX, PIXE, HD digital X-Ray radiography fully transportable.

Glass, enamel and earthenware

The analysis Elementary composition of the vitreous matrix, of the colourings

and of the deterioration products. Preservation level.

The means Optical microscopy and SEM-EDX, PIXE, Raman Spectrometry,

HD digital X-Ray radiography fully transportable.

CIRAM is the only private laboratory proposing a studies panel so wide (PIXE in extracted bundle

for example), to answer as well as possible to the diversity of your problematics.

Most part of our studies are realised in two weeks. 2

Studies examples

The pigments and the minerals

The organic binders

Others examples

CIRAM

Study of a wall painting by optical microscopy (a/), SEM (b/) and EDX analysis (c/). The blue microparticles correspond to vitreous phases of smalt kind (crushed glass coloured in blue by the cobalt) associated to microparticles of white lead.

c/

b/ a/

1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100Wavenumber (cm-1)

0

4000

8000

12000

16000

20000

24000

28000

32000

36000

40000

44000

48000

52000

Cou

nts

258

289

548

586

806

109613

56

1645

Stratigraphy of a wall painting and characterization of an ultramarine blue pigment by Raman spectrometry.

400

Inte

nsité

(u.a

.)

900 1400 1900 2400 2900 3400 3900

nombre d'onde (cm-1)

FTIR spectra of an "animal glue" protein binder . Analysis find a skin rabbit glue.

Stratigraphic view of chemical test with "bleu de Nil". This product indicates lipid binder when the layer is blue.

The electron and optical microscopies (SEM) permit to study a big number of different materials. Textiles

(a/), metal (b/), ceramic, rocks, mortars…

b/ a/

Some prices Complete statigraphic study (optical microscopy + SEM): 500 € HT by sampling

Analysis of the binder: 200 € HT to 360 € HT by sampling 3

HD digital X-Ray radiography fully transportable

CIRAM owns a last generation equipment, composed of a high-powered generator and a digital HD acquisition system fully transportable, which allows in situ intervention and getting X-ray images in real time. These characteristics permit to bring immediate and pertinent answers to the questions posed.

We can realise negatives of X-Ray

radiography on:

Paintings restoration, surpaint, pentiment…

Terra cota Filling-up, reconstruction, putting up…

Metal Making techniques, corrosion…

Wood, bone, ivory identification, crack, restoration,…

Stone restoration, crack, putting up…

Arms observation of the mechanisms…

and more generally on any kind of materials, the only limit of

intervention being linked to the density and the thickness to go

through.

Radiographical studies in real time in situ The instant X-rays analysis offers the possibility of adapting to real-time analytical procedure. It also permits to acquire the most relevant images with the most appropriate experimental parameters. Our material is easily transportable, so we can intervene wherever you need. This quick analysis capacity is an important asset, because it provides an immediate reaction between the reading of the X-ray negatives and the questions raised by the comments.

It allows an optimal interaction with the person who can guide the study at its discretion.

Digital X-Ray radiography equipment used in situ, for example, to identify metallic archaeological vestiges and to observe their preservation level.

Impetus X-Rays generator (270 KV)

Digital plate of acquisition of the

radiography

Computer system of control and acquisition of the radiographies

4

CIRAM

Few examples

X-Ray radiography image of the opening mechanism of a barrel of iron sealed

X-Ray radiography and normal images of a 20th century painting. We can see a painting underlying totally different which includes, in particular, a cow in the lower right. (arrows indicate the direction)

X-Ray radiography and normal images of the right leg of a sketch in plaster of Auguste Rodin. The X-ray reveals a metal frame with vertical pipe through the heel and back in the leg.

CIRAM

5

Intervention on quote

From 350 € HT in our offices and from 700 € HT in situ Tapering charges according to the dimensions and/or to the number of objects

Digital and fully transportable imaging To complete the X-Ray radiography, CIRAM proposes also a wide spectra of digital imaging in situ, including:

Image in raking light

Image in ultra violet fluorescence (UV)

Infrared Reflectography (IR)

Thus, the analysis methodology developed by CIRAM is in keeping with a complete process that permits to characterize pictorial works of art in the most pertinent way.

An integrated methodology Our works are the object of a critical synthesis report gathering the whole photographic documentation and the results of complementary analysis.

Ultra Violet Fluorescence Raking light Natural light

Oil painting - detail, 17th century – © Fine arts museum, Pau – 2007

Oil painting - detail, 17th century © CIRAM – 2007

Infrared reflectography.

CIRAM

Associated to our methods of digital imaging, we propose also a complete range of characterization (PIXE, Raman…) and of dating (Radiocarbon14, dendrochronology…) of the materials.

All our imaging techniques are implemented in situ.

6

Intervention on quote

CIRAM

Safe marking CIRAM Track Why marking works of art? "We can consider that only 2 to 5 % of the 7000 objects stolen each year are returned to their owner, for lack of proof."

Source : Assemblée Nationale, Rapport N°3533, Pierre Lequiller, 16 janvier 2002 The two main causes are the lack of information (precise description of the good) and the absence of act of property. In this context, the « trace-marking » of a work of art constitutes a real protection. Thus, by ensuring the traceability of an objet, CIRAM TRACK® permits its durable identification, easily assimilated to an act of property, increases your heritage security, is dissuasive against the falsification and facilitates the restitution in case of loss or robbery. How does CIRAM Track® work?

5 levels of « trace-marking » possible

a labelling visible and coded, dissuasive and easy to detect The code contains information relative to the work of art marked

an ink invisible with the eyes only visible with a suitable lighting

a marking with physicochemical properties deposited in the mass and whose second reading requires in situ use of a portable equipment

an electronic element established in the mass associated to a single identification number detectable by a specific equipment

a magnetic element established in the mass with single characteristics, measurable by a suitable equipment

5 essential criteria

Unfalsifiable to avoid the copy

Inalterable to ensure the durability in the time

Single to ensure the restitution

Visible to be dissuasive

Invisible to securitize discretly

Low-level security Maximum security

1 2 3 4 5

Number of elements used for marking

To complete physical marking, each file associated to the object contains: A card of police force recognized by the services of police force, French gendarmerie and

customs with format “Interpol”, A certificate of marking, characteristic of the elements used and allowing the localization of their

establishment.

This documentation permits an autonomy of the « trace-marking » facing CIRAM.

7

Safe marking CIRAM Track®

From 50 € T.T.C

A network of skills CIRAM team is a privileged contact, ready and responsive, able to answer most of your analysis and dating problematics. In that aim, we have developed partnerships with recognized specialists to put in place an efficient network of skills , in various study domains :

The dating of wood by dendrochronology, The study of wood species, The textiles analysis, The geophysical prospecting, …

CIRAM’s will is to propose a wide range of quality analytical services, in optimized delays.

An innovating reasoning In addition, CIRAM develops research and development programs for the protection and the analysis in situ on works of art and archaeological artefacts. Effects of these research, two services particularly innovating are now proposed by our laboratory:

Safe marking of works of art and heritage objects (CIRAM Track®),

The dating of heated up minerals and of sediments exposed to the light by luminescence optically stimulated: OSL system transportable (currently developing).

Nos partenaires dans l’innovation

CIRAM

8

Few references Technical assistance to the restoration of sculptures, mural or easel paintings…

Musée du Louvre, Département Art Islamique Characterisation of adhesive for the fixing of ceramic

tiles

Musée Rodin Study by X-Ray radiography of plaster sketches by Rodin.

Musée du Petit Palais

Study by X-Ray radiography, TL and SEM of a terra cota sculpture

Musée Historique de la ville de Strasbourg

Study by X-Ray radiography of the relief map of the city of Strasbourg (circa 1727)

Study by X-Ray radiography of a barrel of iron sealed: underlining of the opening mechanism

Musée Arthur Rimbaud, Charleville Mézières

Characterisation of the organic residues of glass bottles having belonged to Arthur Rimbaud

Musée des Beaux Arts de Pau

Study by X-Ray radiography, Ultra Violet and raking light of an oil painting attributed to Simone Cantarini (XVIIth century)

Éditions Louis Faton et Dominique Alsina, expert

Analysis of eleven easel paintings of Louise Moillon, XVIIth century

Direction Régionale des Affaires Maritimes

d'Aquitaine Hôtel de la Marine - Bordeaux (33), Polychromies on

wood

Atelier Brice Moulinier, Blois Abbey of Saint-Savin sur Gartempe (86), mural

paintings of the XIth – XIIIth centuries and restoration of the XIXth century

Blois castle, François Ist area (41), Mural paintings of Félix Duban, XIXth century

Atelier Marc Philippe, Fondettes

Tribunal, Assize court - Toulouse (31), Decor of fake woods

Notre Dame des Missions Church– Epinay sur Seine (93), Front of 1931

(93), Front of 1931

Saint Gilles Church, Pligeaux (22), Polychromies on woods

Saint Gilles Church, Pligeaux (22), Polychromies on woods

Atelier Jacqueline Laroche, Lesparre-Médoc Atelier Jacqueline Laroche, Lesparre-Médoc

Chapel of the lighthouse of Cordouan (33), wall paintings of the XVIIth- XIXth centuries. Chapel of the lighthouse of Cordouan (33), wall paintings of the XVII

Saint-Michel de Rieufret Church (33), wall painting of the XVIIth century

Saint-Michel de Rieufret Church (33), wall painting of the XVII

Immeuble des Dames de la Foi, Périgueux (24), wall painting of the XIVth century

Immeuble des Dames de la Foi, Périgueux (24), wall painting of the XIV

Atelier régional de restauration de

Kerguehennec, Bignan Atelier régional de restauration de

Kerguehennec, Bignan Recumbent statue of Gilles de Bretagne in Saint Brieuc (22) Recumbent statue of Gilles de Bretagne in Saint Brieuc (22)

Saint Jacques de Douarnenez Church (29), Polychromy of the vault of the Choir

Saint Jacques de Douarnenez Church (29), Polychromy of the vault of the Choir

Saint Patern church of Vannes (56), altarpieces of the XVIIIth century

Saint Patern church of Vannes (56), altarpieces of the XVIII

Atelier Chevalier Conservation, Paris Atelier Chevalier Conservation, Paris

Study of glue on carpet and tapestry Study of glue on carpet and tapestry

Study of a sampling of textile coming from a canvas, to determine the nature of the fibres Study of a sampling of textile coming from a canvas, to determine the nature of the fibres

Emmanuelle Cadet, Restauratrice, Saint Ouen Emmanuelle Cadet, Restauratrice, Saint Ouen

Hôtel de Sully – Paris (75), Mural paintings Hôtel de Sully – Paris (75), Mural paintings

Conseil Général de la Dordogne, Conservation du Patrimoine

Conseil Général de la Dordogne, Conservation du Patrimoine

Bourdeilles castle(24), bases of altarpieces presumed of the XIVth century

Bourdeilles castle(24), bases of altarpieces presumed of the XIV

Amélie Methivier, Restauratrice, Paris Amélie Methivier, Restauratrice, Paris

Musée des Beaux Arts de Dijon (21), Polychromy of a Madonna and child, XIVème siècle

Musée des Beaux Arts de Dijon (21), Polychromy of a Madonna and child, XIV

Michel Prieur, Restaurateur, Tours

Wall paintings of altarpieces of a church in Vendée Michel Prieur, Restaurateur, Tours Wall paintings of altarpieces of a church in Vendée

Julien Assoun, Restaurateur, Paris

Study of the soluble saltsJulien Assoun, Restaurateur, Paris Study of the soluble salts and of coatings of the Saint-GGeorges Church, Paris

Toxicological study of the

structures of the crypt.

of the XVIIIthcentury, Locquirec Church(29)

and of coatings of the Saint-

eorges Church, Paris

Toxicological study of the

structures of the crypt.

of the XVIIIthcentury, Locquirec Church(29)

Atelier In Extenso, Mr Diaz Padregal, Paris Ternand Church (69),Atelier In Extenso, Mr Diaz Padregal, Paris Ternand Church (69),

Atelier Le Goël, Le Bieuzy

Research of fungus developments on a vault wood-paneled

Atelier Le Goël, Le Bieuzy

Research of fungus developments on a vault wood-paneled

th- XIXth centuries.

th century

th century

th century

th century

ème siècle

9

CIRAMCIRAM

ating problematics and archaeological materials

INRAP Grand Sud-Ouest, Grand-Ouest

Finistère, Service départemental d'Archéologie

te-Maritime, Service départemental d'Archéologie

rchéologique municipal de la ville de Marseille

MR 8096 "Archéologie des Amériques", Nanterre

c ntific expertise of the works of art

Europeans Haut Moyen Age and Renaissance, …

haracterisation problematics

2007

Cahiers techniques de

2005

ité

ordeaux 3, Ravello 11-12

2003

n come from?“,

es“, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 332, 28-34.

“, Color Research

2001

e des

cient ceramics, Fribourg 3-

1999

e", Perpignan 23-25 novembre 1999, sous presse.

D

Conseil Général du

Conseil Général de Charen

Service A

Maison René Ginouvès, CNRS - U

S ie

Pharaonic Egypt, Classical Antiquity, Chinese dynasties, Cultures of South-East Asia, African civilisations, Medieval Islam,

ur scientific publications O

C

BOBIN O., MOULINIER B., "Etude et analyse de peintures murales des XIème - XIIIème siècles et repeints du XIXème siècle, Abbaye de Saint-Savin sur Gartempe (86).", l’ARAAFU, sous presse.

BOBIN O., SCHVOERER M., CHABANNE D., NEY C., SELLIER E., “Mise en évidence de la nanotexture des constituants de décors de lustre métallique sur des céramiques glaçurées de l'espace méditerranéen“, Actes de la table ronde "Glaçures et lustre métallique", CUEBC, CNRS, UniversBordeaux 3, Ravello 11-12 octobre 1998, 31-38.

BOBIN O., SCHVOERER M., CHABANNE D., NEY C., LABRUGERE C., LAHAYE M., GUETTE A., “Localisation et distribution par spectrométrie Auger des constituants colloïdaux des décors de lustre métallique de céramiques glaçurées“, Actes de la table ronde "Glaçures et lustre métallique", CUEBC, CNRS, Université Boctobre 1998, 39-45.

BOBIN O., SCHVOERER M., NEY C., RAMMAH M., DAOULATLI A., PANNEQUIN B., GAYRAUD R.P., “Where did the lustre tiles of Sidi Oqba mosque (836-863 AD) of KairouaArchaeometry, 45,4, 569-577.

BOBIN O., SCHVOERER M., MIANE J.L., FABRE J.F., “Coloured metallic shine associated to lustre decoration of the glazed ceramics: a theoretical analysis of the optical properti

BOBIN O., SCHVOERER M., NEY C., RAMMAH M., PANNEQUIN B., CILIA PLATAMONE E., DAOULATLI A., GAYRAUD R.P., “The role of copper and silver in the colouration of metallic lustre decoration (Tunisia – 9th century, Mesopotamia – 10th century, Sicily – 16th century). A first approachand Application, 28, 5, 352-359.

BOBIN O., Céramique glaçurée archéologique à décor de lustre métallique – IXème siècle après J.C., Mosquée Sidi Oqba de Kairouan – Tunisie. Caractérisation, provenance et archéotechnologies. Thèse de doctorat en PhysiquArchéomatériaux, Université Bordeaux 3.

BOBIN O., SCHVOERER M., MIANE J.L., FABRE J.F., GUETTE A., LABRUGERE C., LAHAYE M., “The metallic lustre of glazed ceramics: interpretation of the in-scattered-light optical properties. One theoretical approach“, Proceeding of the 6th European Meeting on An6 October 2001, 19-24.

BOBIN O., SCHVOERER M., CHABANNE D., NEY C., CILIA PLATAMONE E., “Données physiques pour une nouvelle définition du décor de lustre métallique à partir de céramiques glaçurées mises au jour à Syracuse“, Actes du Colloques International "De la céramique à l'Histoir

CIRAM

10

Dating problematics

2007

en garde

2004

(Peru)." Radiation

ds and

de Poitiers, 18-20 septembre 2000, sous

2002

al de la Société des Américanistes, 88, 227-

of domestic ovens." Archaeometry, 44, 4, 625-

2001

sique des

France." Quaternary Science Reviews, 20,

d'Antibes, 19-21 Oct.

e d'Antibes, 19-21 Oct. 000, éd. APDCA, 31-47.

edures." Radiation

e d'Antibes,

ano di Sorrento, Italie", L’Anthropologie,

2000 métrie, Dossier

rpretation." Radiation

1999

ique des

atera-

1997

n, Dordogne", Revue d'Archéométrie, 21, 21-

de Dôme), Revue d'Archéométrie, 21, 29-34.

ROQUE C., VARTANIAN E., "Chronologie des cultures amérindiennes de Guyane. Contribution de la datation par thermoluminescence : une misecontre des pratiques abusives." A paraître.

ROQUE C., GUIBERT P., VARTANIAN E., VIEILLEVIGNE E., BECHTEL F., “Changes in luminescence properties induced by thermal treatments; a case study at Sipán and Trujillo Moche sitesMeasurements, 38, 119-126.

ROQUE C., GUIBERT P., DUTTINE M., VARTANIAN E., CHAPOULIE R., BECHTEL F., "Dependence of luminescence characteristics of irradiated quartz with the thermal treatment and consequences for TL-dating". Geochronometria, in Journal on MethoApplications of Absolute Chronology, 23, 1-8.

GUIBERT P., ROQUE C., VARTANIAN E., BECHTEL F., SCHVOERER M., "Datation par luminescence : une évaluation de la représentativité des résultats de datation et de leurs incertitudes." Les Hominidés et leurs environnements – Histoire et Interactions, Colloquepresse.

ROQUE C., VARTANIAN E., GUIBERT P., SCHVOERER M., LEVINE D., ALVA W., JUNGNER H., "Recherche chronologique sur la culture Mochica du Pérou : datation de la tombe du Prêtre de Sipán par thermoluminescence (TL) et par radiocarbone." Journ243.

ROQUE C., GUIBERT P., VARTANIAN E., BECHTEL F., TREUIL R., DARCQUE P., KOUKOULI-CHRYSSANTHAKI H., MALAMIDOU D., "The chronology of the neolithic sequence at Dikili Tash, Macedonia, Greece: TL-dating645.

ROQUE C., Datation en Archéologie. Des recherches méthodologiques en TL et en OSL… aux référentiels chronologiques du Solutréen (France), du Néolithique (Grèce) et de la culture préhispanique Moche (Pérou). Thèse de doctorat en PhyArchéomatériaux, Université Bordeaux 3.

ROQUE C., GUIBERT P., VARTANIAN E., BECHTEL F., Schvoerer M., "Thermoluminescence-dating of calcite: study of heated limestone fragments from Upper Paleolithic layers at Combe-Saunière, Dordogne,935-938.

ROQUE C., GUIBERT P., VARTANIAN E., BECHTEL F., SCHVOERER M., OBERLIN C., EVIN J., MERCIER N., VALLADAS H., TEXIER J.P., RIGAUD J.Ph., DELPECH F., CLEYET MERLE J.J., TURQ A., "Une expérience de croisement de datations TL/C14 pour la séquence solutréenne de Laugerie-Haute, Dordogne." Datation, Actes des XXI° Rencontres Internationales d'Archéologie et d'Histoire 2000, éd. APDCA, 217-232.

GUIBERT P., ROQUE C., VARTANIAN E., BECHTEL F., "Datation par thermoluminescence : un aperçu sur les matériaux et quelques progrès récents." Datation, Actes des XXI° Rencontres Internationales d'Archéologie et d'Histoir2

GUIBERT P., VARTANIAN E., ROQUE C., SCHVOERER M., BECHTEL F., "Luminescence dating of burnt materials: effects of preheat treatment on OSL and consequences for dating procMeasurements, 33, 4, 439-444.

VARTANIAN E., ROQUE C., GUIBERT P., BECHTEL F., "Datation de structures de fours néolithiques du tell de Dikili Tash (Grèce) : comparaison TL – OSL. Apport de l'OSL pour les matériaux chauffés ?" Datation, Actes des XXI° Rencontres Internationales d'Archéologie et d'Histoir19-21 Oct. 2000, éd. APDCA, 233-248.

VARTANIAN E., GUIBERT P., BECHTEL F., SCHVOERER M., ALBORE-LIVADIE C., "Contribution de la thermoluminescence à la chronologie de la culture du Gaudo : datation de céramiques du site de la Trinita, Pi421-434.

GUIBERT P., ROQUE C., "La datation par Thermoluminescence". Archéod'Archéologie, 253, 16-23.

VARTANIAN E., GUIBERT P., ROQUE C., BECHTEL F., SCHVOERER M., "Changes in OSL properties of quartz by preheating: an inteMeasurements, 32, 647-652.

VARTANIAN E., Datation des archéomatériaux par luminescence stimulée thermiquement et optiquement : TL et OSL de silicates ou de carbonates. Thèse de doctorat en PhysArchéomatériaux, Université Bordeaux 3.

VARTANIAN E., GUIBERT P., NEY C., BECHTEL F., SCHVOERER M., GUILAINE J., CREMONESI G., "Chronologie de la néolithisation en Italie du sud-est. Nouvelles datations grâce à la thermoluminescence (TL) sur le site de MTrasano.", L'Anthropologie, 103, 2, 289-305.

BECHTEL F., GUIBERT P., SCHVOERER M., VARTANIAN E., FAÏN J., MIALLIER D., MONTRET M., PILLEYRE Th., SANZELLE S., BAHAIN J.J., FALGUERES C., TRIPIER J., POUPEAU G., MERCIER N. et VALLADAS H., "Evaluation de l'incertitude de mesure de la dose annuelle en datation par luminescence (TL, OSL) et par RPE : une expérience d'intercomparaison à la Grotte XVI, Cénac et Saint-Julie27.

FAÏN J., MIALLIER D., MONTRET M., PILLEYRE Th., SANZELLE S., SOUMANA S., BECHTEL F., GUIBERT P., SCHVOERER M., VARTANIAN E., MERCIER N., VALLADAS H., BAHAIN J.J., FALGUERES C., TRIPIER J., JORON J.L., "Intercomparaisons dosimétriques dans le cadre de la datation par TL et par RPE, Partie 2 : Milieux naturels témoins de la région de Clermont-Ferrand (Puy

11

Notes

12

CIRAM Centre d’Innovation et de Recherche pour l’Analyse et le Marquage

When science meets Art and Heritage ....................................................................... 1 Characterization of the materials ................................................................................ 2 HD digital X-Ray Radiography fully transportable....................................................... 4 Digital and transportable imaging ............................................................................... 6 Safe marking CIRAM Track ........................................................................................ 7 A network of skills....................................................................................................... 8 An innovating reasoning ............................................................................................. 8 Few references........................................................................................................... 9

To know more about the CIRAM services or to ask for an appointment: Visit our web site: www.ciram-art.com Contact us: 05 56 23 45 35 or 05 57 34 21 18 Send an e-mail: contact@ciram-art.com Fax a document : 05 56 23 45 35 Write us: ENSCPB 16, Avenue Pey-Berland – 33600 PESSAC