Chrome Report

8/10/2019 Chrome Report

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K. J. INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

SAVLI

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr.Joshi Darshan v And Rathod Jayraj G of BE

Computer, Roll No. 120640107043 and 120640107014, has successfully

completed seminar on Chrome operating system to my satisfaction and

submitted the same during the academic year 2013-2014 towards the partial

fulfillment of degree of Bachelor of Engineering under Gujarat Technological

University, under the Department of Computer Engineering , K. J. Institute of

Engineering and Technology, Savli.

Mr. Makwana Mahesh Mr. Sohil Shah

Seminar Guide HOD (Computer Department)


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OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE : GOOGLE CHROME

GROUP MEMBERS:

Darshan V. Joshi (120640107043)

Jayrajsinh G. Rathod (120640107014)


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deepregards to my guide (Professor/Mentor Faculty Name) for his

exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement

throughout the course of this thesis. The blessing, help and guidance

given by him time to time shall carry me a long way in the journey of

life on which I am about to embark.

I also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to

Company Mentor Name, Designation, Company Name, for his/her

cordial support, valuable information and guidance, which helped me

in completing this task through various stages.


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ABSTRACT

Google Chrome OSis an open source, lightweight operating

system that will initially be targeted at net books. It is designed by Google to work with

web applications and announced on July 7, 2009. Later this year we will open-source its

code, and net books running Google Chrome OS will be available for consumers in the

second half of 2010. It provides a fast, simple, and more secure computing experience for

people who spend most of their time on the web. Speed, simplicity and security are the

key aspects of Google Chrome OS. Google Chrome OS will run on both x86 as well as

ARM chips and we are working with multiple OEMs to bring a number of net books to

market next year.

The disadvantage of this method is that Chromium OS wont be

as fast as the operating system is designed to be, because its running in a virtual machine

in other words, you wont get to see Chrome OSs amazing boot time or snappy

responsiveness. The advantage of this method, however, is that your internet connection,

keyboard, and mouse will work whether or not theyre on Googles list of approved

hardware.


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INDEX

branding, and most noticeably has a blue-colored logo in place of the multicolored

Google logo.

Table of contents

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. HISTORY 2

2.1

2.2

3.

2.3.2

2.3.3

2.4

2.4.1

2.4.2


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INTRODUCTION

Chrome OSis anoperating systembased on theLinux kerneland designed

byGoogleto work withweb applicationsand installed applications. Initially, Chrome

OS was almost a pureweb thin clientoperating system,with only a handful of

"native" applications, but Google gradually began encouraging developers to create

"packaged applications", some of which can work offline. In 2014, Google upgraded

its Play Store standards for packaged apps, requiring that these applications work

offline. Around the same time, Google also announced that Chrome OS would gain

the ability to run Android apps natively, by late 2014. In September 2014, App

Runtime for Chrome (beta) was launched together with four Android apps being able

to run on Chrome OS.

Chrome OS is built upon theopen sourceproject calledChromium OS which,

unlike Chrome OS, can becompiledfrom the downloadedsource code.Chrome OS

is the commercial version installed on specific hardware from Google's

manufacturing partners. The launch date for retail hardware featuring Chrome OS

was delayed from late 2010to June 15, 2011, when "Chromebooks"from Samsung,

and then Acer shipped in July
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PURPOSE OF GOOGLE CHROME

Google Chromeis aweb browser developed byGoogle that uses theWebKitlayout

engine.It was first released as abeta version forMicrosoft Windows on September

2, 2008, and the public stable release was on December 11, 2008. The name is

derived from thegraphical user interface frame, or "chrome", of web browsers. As of

July 2011, Chrome was the third most widely used browser with 22.14%

worldwideusage share of web browsers,according to StatCounter.

In September 2008, Google released a large portion of Chrome's source code,

including itsV8 JavaScript engine,as anopen source project entitledChromium.This

move enabled third-party developers to study the underlying source code and to helpport the browser to the Mac OS X and Linux operating systems. Google also

expressed hope that other browsers would adopt V8 to improve web application

performance.The Google-authored portion of Chromium is released under the

permissiveBSD license,which allows portions to be incorporated into both open

source and closed source software programs.Other portions of the source code are

subject to a variety of open source licenses.Chromium implements a similar feature

set as Chrome, but lacks built-in automatic updates, built-in PDF reader and Google
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History

Google announced Chrome OS on July 7, 2009,describing it as an

operating system in which both applications and user data reside in thecloud.To

ascertain marketing requirements, the company relied on informal metrics, including

monitoring the usage patterns of some 200 Chrome OS machines used by Google

employees. Developers also noted their own usage patterns. Matthew Papakipos,

former engineering director for the Chrome OS project, put three machines in his

house and found himself logging in for brief sessions: to make a single search query

or send a short email.

On November 19, 2009, Google released Chrome OS'ssource codeas

theChromium OSproject.As with other open source projects, developers can modify

the code from Chromium OS and build their own versions, whereas Chrome OS

code is only supported by Google and its partners and only runs on hardware

designed for the purpose. Unlike Chromium OS, Chrome OS is automatically

updated to the latest version.

At a November 19, 2009 news conference,Sundar Pichai,the Google vice president

overseeing Chrome, demonstrated an early version of the operating system. He

previewed a desktop which looked very similar to the Chrome browser, and, in

addition to the regular browser tabs, also had application tabs, which take less space

and can be pinned for easier access. At the conference, the operating

systembootedup in seven seconds, a time Google said it would work to reduce.

Also on November 19, 2009, Chris Kenyon, vice president of OEM services

atCanonical Ltd,announced that Canonical was under contract to contribute

engineering resources to the project with the intent to build on existing open source

components and tools where feasible.

By February 2010, Google switched its development Linux distribution for Chrome

fromUbuntutoGentoo Linuxin order to use that distribution'sPortagepackage

management system, which, according to sources at Google, is used with "Google's

own take on thevanillaLinux kernel".
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Hardware

Main art ic les:

ChromebookandChromebox

Laptops running Chrome OS are known collectively as "chromebooks".

The first was the CR-48, areference hardware designthat Google gave to testers

and reviewers beginning in December 2010. Retail machines followed in May

2011. A year later, in May 2012, a desktop design marketed as a "chromebox"

was released bySamsung.
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Feature updates

In April 2012, Google made the first update to Chrome OS's user interface since the

operating system had launched, introducing a hardware-accelerated window

manager called "Aura" along with a conventional taskbar. The additions marked a

departure from the operating system's original concept of a single browser with tabs

and gave Chrome OS the look and feel of a more conventional desktop operating

system. "In a way, this almost feels as if Google is admitting defeat here", wrote

Frederic Lardinois on TechCrunch. He argued that Google had traded its original

version of simplicity for greater functionality. "Thats not necessarily a bad thing,

though, and may just help Chrome OS gain more mainstream acceptance as new

users will surely find it to be a more familiar experience."


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Applications

Google has encouraged developers to build not just conventional Web

applications for Chrome OS, but packaged applications using the company's

Package App Platform. Packaged apps are modified Web applications written

inHTML5,JavaScript,andCSS.They have the look and feel of traditional

"native" applications and lack the address bar, tab strip and other elements

typically associated with an application that runs on a browser. Packaged apps

load locally and are thus less dependent on the network and more apt to remain

functional without an Internet connection.

Support for running nativeAndroidapplications on Chrome OS was announced

atGoogle I/O2014.

Remote application access and virtual desktop access

In June 2010, Google software engineer Gary Kamark wrote that Chrome OS

will access remote applications through a technology unofficially

called "Chromoting", which would resemble Microsoft'sRemote DesktopConnection.the name has since been changed to "Chrome Remote Desktop",

and is "probably closer to running an application viaRemote Desktop Servicesor

by first connecting to a host machine by using RDP or VNC". Initial roll-outs of

Chrome OS laptops (Chromebooks)indicate an interest in enabling users to

access virtual desktops.

Integrated media player, file manager

Google integrates amedia playerinto both Chrome OS and the Chrome browser,

enabling users to play back MP3s, view JPEGs, and handle other multimedia

files while offline. It supportsDRMvideos.

Chrome OS also includes an integratedfile manager,resembling those found on

other operating systems, with the ability to display folders and their associated
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files, as well as preview and manage file contents using a variety of Web

applications, includingGoogle DocsandBox.net.

Support for Android applications

AtGoogle I/O2014, aproof of conceptshowing Android apps,

includingFlipboard,running on Chrome OS was presented. In September 2014,

Google introduced a beta version of theApp Runtime for Chrome(ARC), which

allows Android applications to be used on Chrome OS, using aNative Client-

based environment that provides the platforms necessary to run Android

software. Android apps do not require any modifications to run on Chrome OS,

but may be modified to better support a mouse and keyboard environment. As

with other Chrome OS software, these apps are distributed through Chrome Web

Store, and appear as native programs within application menus. As of its

introduction, Chrome OS support is only available for selected Android apps,

includingDuolingo,Evernote,Sight Words, andVine.Google stated that it was

working with selected Android developers to add more supported apps to ARC

over the coming months.
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Reception

At its debut, Chrome OS was viewed as a competitor toMicrosoft,both directly

toMicrosoft Windowsand indirectly the company'sword

processingandspreadsheetapplicationsthe latter through Chrome OS's

reliance oncloud computing.But Chrome OS engineering director Matthew

Papakipos argued that the two operating systems would not fully overlap in

functionality because Chrome OS is intended for netbooks, which lack the

computational power to run a resource-intensive program likeAdobe Photoshop.

Some observers claimed that other operating systems already filled the niche that

Chrome OS was aiming for, with the added advantage of supporting native

applications in addition to a browser. Tony Bradley ofPC Worldwrote in

November 2009:

We can already do most, if not all, of what Chrome OS promises to

deliver. Using a Windows 7 or Linux-based netbook, users can

simply not install anything but a web browser and connect to the vast

array of Google products and other web-based services and

applications. Netbooks have been successful at capturing the low-

end PC market, and they provide a web-centric computing

experience today. I am not sure why we should get excited that a

year from now we'll be able to do the same thing, but locked into

doing it from the fourth-place web browser.

Relationship to Android

Google's successful introduction of the popularAndroidand Chrome OS strategy

has resulted in some critics of the dual open source, client-based operating

systems.MicrosoftCEOSteve Ballmeraccused Google of not being able to make

up its mind.Steven Levywrote that "the dissonance between the two systems

was apparent" at the 2011 Google I/O developer conference. The event featured

a daily press conference in which each team leader, Android'sAndy Rubinand
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Chrome'sSundar Pichai,"unconvincingly tried to explain why the systems

weren't competitive." Google co-founderSergey Brinaddressed the question by

saying that owning two promising OSes was "a problem that most companies

would love to face".Brin suggested that the two operating systems "will likelyconverge over time."The speculation over convergence increased in March 2013

when Chrome OS chief Pichai replaced Rubin as the senior vice president in

charge of Android, thereby putting Pichai in charge of both.

The July 2013 press introduction of theChromecastHDMI stick, which was

hosted by Pichai, demonstrated how the two operating systems could work in

tandem. The Chromecast device has a cut-downembeddedversion of Android,

which users control using a smartphone or tablet running Android (orApple'siOSor a PC running the Chrome browser).Gigaomreporter Kevin C.

Tofel described the relationship as "a merger of experiences and services", a

strategy that "fits with Google's overall theme of increasing user engagement in

its ecosystem with Chrome as the underlying platform.

The relationship between Android and Chrome OS became more substantial at

Google I/O 2014, where Google developers presented a demo depicting native

Android software running on Chrome OS throughNative Client.
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Design

Early in the project, Google put online many details of Chrome OS's design goals

and direction. However, the company has not followed up with a technical

description of the completed operating system.

User interface

Design goals for Chrome OS's user interface included using minimal screen

space by combining applications and standard Web pages into a single tab strip,

rather than separating the two. Designers considered a reduced window

management scheme that would operate only in full-screen mode. Secondary taskswould be handled with "panels": floating windows that dock to the bottom of the

screen for tasks like chat and music players. Split screens were also under

consideration for viewing two pieces of content side-by-side. Chrome OS would

follow the Chrome browser's practice of leveragingHTML5's offline modes,

background processing, and notifications. Designers proposed using search and

pinned tabs as a way to quickly locate and access applications.

New window manager and graphics engine

On April 10, 2012, a new build of Chrome OS offered a choice between the

original full-screen window interface and overlapping, re-sizable windows, such as

found onMicrosoft WindowsandApple'sMac OS X.The feature was implemented

through the Ash window manager, which runs atop the Aura hardware-accelerated

graphics engine. The April 2012 upgrade also included the ability to display smaller,overlapping browser windows, each with its own translucent tabs, browser tabs that

can be "torn" and dragged to new positions or merged with another tab strip, and a

mouse-enabled shortcut list across the bottom of the screen. One icon on the task

bar shows a list of installed apps and bookmarks. Writing in CNET, Stephen

Shankland argued that with overlapping windows, "Google is anchoring itself into the

past" as bothiOSand Microsoft'sMetrointerface are largely or entirely full-screen.

Even so, "Chrome OS already is different enough that it's best to preserve any

familiarity that can be preserved".
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Architecture

In preliminary design documents for the Chromium OS open source project,

Google described a three-tier architecture: firmware, browser and window manager,

and system-level software anduserlandservices.

The firmware contributes to fast boot time by not probing for hardware, such as

floppy disk drives, that are no longer common on computers, especially

netbooks. The firmware also contributes to security by verifying each step in the

boot process and incorporating system recovery.

System-level software includes theLinux kernelthat has been patched toimprove boot performance. Userland software has been trimmed to essentials,

with management byUpstart,which can launch services in parallel, re-spawn

crashed jobs, and defer services in the interest of faster booting.

The window manager handles user interaction with multiple client windows much

like otherX window managers.

Hardware support

Chrome OS is initially intended for secondary devices like netbooks, not

as a user's primary PC,and will run on hardware incorporating anx86orARM-

based processor.While Chrome OS will supporthard disk drives,Google has

requested that its hardware partners usesolid-state drives"for performance and

reliability reasons"as well as the lower capacity requirements inherent in an

operating system that accesses applications and most user data on remote

servers. In November 2009 Matthew Papakipos, engineering director for the

Chrome OS claimed that the Chrome OS consumes one-sixtieth as much drive

space asWindows 7.

Printing

Google Cloud Printis a Google service that helps any application on any device

to print on any printer. While the cloud provides virtually any connected device

with information access, the task of "developing and maintaining print
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subsystems for every combination of hardware and operating systemfrom

desktops to netbooks to mobile devicessimply isn't feasible."However, the

cloud service would entail installing a piece of software, called aproxy,as part of

Chrome OS. The proxy would register the printer with the service, manage theprint jobs, provide the printer driver functionality, and give status alerts for each

job.

Link handling

Chrome OS was designed with the intention of having user documents and

files stored on online servers. However, both Chrome OS and the Chrome

browser have unresolved decisions regarding handling specific file types offline.

For example, if a JPEG is opened from a local storage device, should a specific

Web application be automatically opened to view it, and if so, which one?

Similarly, if a user clicks on a .doc file, which website should open:Microsoft

Office Live,Gview, or a previewing utility? The project director at that time,

Matthew Papakipos, noted that Windows developers have faced the same

fundamental problem: "Quicktime is fighting with Windows Media Player, which is

fighting with Chrome." As the number of Web applications increases, the sameproblem arises.

Security

In March 2010, Google software security engineer Will Drewry discussed

Chrome OS security. Drewry described Chrome OS as a "hardened" operating

system featuring auto-updating andsandboxfeatures that will reduce malware

exposure. He said that Chrome OS netbooks will be shipped withTrusted

Platform Module(TPM), and include both a "trusted bootpath" and a physical

switch under the battery compartment that actuates a developer mode. That

mode drops some specialized security functions but increases developer

flexibility. Drewry also emphasized that the open source nature of the operating

system will contribute greatly to its security by allowing constant developer

feedback.
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At a December 2010 press conference, Google claimed that Chrome OS would

be the most secure consumer operating system due in part to averified

bootability, in which the initial boot code, stored inread-only memory,checks for

system compromises

Use of sandbox

sandbox is a security mechanism for separating running programs. It is often used to

execute untested code, or untrusted programs from unverified third parties,

suppliers, untrusted users and untrusted websites.

The sandbox typically provides a tightly controlled set of resources for guest

programs to run in, such as scratch space on disk and memory. Network access, the

ability to inspect the host system or read from input devices are usually disallowed or

heavily restricted. In this sense, sandboxes are a specific example of virtualization.

Sandboxing technology is frequently used to test unverified programs which may

contain a virus or other malignant code, without allowing the software to harm the

host device

A sandbox is implemented by executing the software in a restricted operating

system environment, thus controlling the resources

.

Shell access

Chrome OS includes the Chrome Shell, or "crosh", which documents minimal

functionality such as ping andSSHat crosh start-up. In the older Chrome OS

versions originally in Acer C710 noBash-likeshellabilities were provided. In the

newer Chromebooks such as Acer C720 bash is available from crosh, where the

entire Linux filesystem can be found and explored.

In developer mode, a full-featured Bash shell can be opened viaVT-2, and is also

accessible via the crosh command shell . To access full privileges in shell
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- One box for everything:

Type in the address bar and get suggestionsfor both search and web pages.

- Thumbnails of your top sites:

Access your favorite pages instantly withlightning speed from any new tab.

- Shortcuts for your apps:

Get desktop shortcuts to launchyour favorite web applications.

- New Tab Page:

Every time you open a new tab, you'll see a visual sampling of your most

visited sites, most used search engines, and recently bookmarked pages and closed

tabs.

- Application Shortcuts:

Use web apps without opening your browser. Application shortcuts can

directly load your favorite online apps.

- Dynamic Tabs:

You can drag tabs out of the browser to create new windows, gather multipletabs into one window or arrange your tabs however you wish -- quickly and easily.

- Cash Control:

Every tab you're using is run independently in the browser, so if one app

crashes it won't take anything else down.

- Incognito Mode:

Don't want pages you visit to show up in your web history? Choose incognito

mode for private browsing.

- Intelligent start page:

Although not completely

original (Opera has got a similar

approach to quick bookmarking),


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Chromes start page is a pleasant surprise. Besides the ubiquitous search bar, it gives

you a list of most commonly visited Web pages to fire up quickly.

- Safe Browsing:

Google Chrome warns you if you're about to visit a suspected phishing,

malware or otherwise unsafe website.

- Dragging tabs out and back in again:

You can drag a tab out of Chrome

into a separate window, and you can drag aseparate window back into tab bar, where

itll be happily received by Chrome. Stuff like

this turns geeks into converts, and Googles

dev team knows that.

- Instant Bookmarking:

Want to bookmark a web page? Just click the star icon at the left edge of the

address bar and you're done.

- Importing Setting:

When you switch to Google Chrome, you can pick up where you left off with

all the bookmarks and passwords from your existing browser.

- Simpler download:

No intrusive download manager; you see your download's status at the

bottom of your current window.


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CONCLUSION

So, the chrome OS emerged as a Revolutionary open source system

Software with lot of user-friendly features


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REFERENCES

http://www.google.com/googlebooks/chrome/med_00.html

http://googleblog.blogspot.in/2009/07/introducing-google-chrome-os.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_chrome

https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/browser
http://www.google.com/googlebooks/chrome/med_00.htmlhttp://www.google.com/googlebooks/chrome/med_00.htmlhttp://googleblog.blogspot.in/2009/07/introducing-google-chrome-os.htmlhttp://googleblog.blogspot.in/2009/07/introducing-google-chrome-os.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_chromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_chromehttps://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/browser/https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/browser/https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/browser/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_chromehttp://googleblog.blogspot.in/2009/07/introducing-google-chrome-os.htmlhttp://www.google.com/googlebooks/chrome/med_00.html

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