Chpt 16: Explorers, Traders & Settlers Learning Objectives: Explain how Christopher Columbus came to...
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Transcript of Chpt 16: Explorers, Traders & Settlers Learning Objectives: Explain how Christopher Columbus came to...
Chpt 16: Explorers, Traders & SettlersLearning Objectives:• Explain how Christopher
Columbus came to the Americas
• Identify Spanish conquistadors & the lands they claimed
• Describe the relationship between Spanish settlers & Native Americans
• Explain how the slave trade developed
• Name European groups who settled the North American east coast
Language Objectives:• Practice new words & reading fluency by reading aloud• Define vocabulary words
Christopher Columbus•Columbus set sail to find a shorter route, by
water, to Asia in 1042•Spanish Queen Isabella & King Ferdinand
gave him money, ships for the voyage•He reached the Bahamas & thought he had
reached an island off coast of India•He called the people there “Indians”•He claimed the land for Spain, and named
it San Salvador•This area is now called the West Indies•America is named after Amerigo Vespucci
Christopher Columbus
Portuguese Explorers•Portuguese led many explorations to the
Americas▫1497: Vasco da Gama sailed around Africa’s Cape of
Good Hope& was the first to reach India by sea▫1500: Pedro Cabral found Brazil & claimed it for
Portugal▫1519: Ferdinand Magellan led an expedition that
made it all the way around the world. He was killed in the Philippines, but one of his
ships, “Victoria,” made it all the way by 1522 241 sailors started the journey, but only 18
survived This voyage proved for sure that the earth is
round
Francisco Pizarro attacked Incan Empire
Magellan’s voyage around the world
Pedro Cabral - Brazil
The Conquerors•Europeans wanted the riches & resources in
the new lands•They didn’t think the natives who lived there
were civilized, and therefore, weren’t entitled to the land
•Spanish explorers called conquistadors rode horses & used guns against the Native Americans to get their gold & riches
•Spaniards conquered all of Mexico, called it New Spain
•Used Indians as slaves, worked them very hard•Thought the Indians were “savages”•Indians died from diseases
The Slave Trade•African were also treated like work
animals by Europeans•Spanish & Portuguese brought ships filled
with Africans to the Americas •Sold them as slaves•England & France joined in also•This is called the Slave Trade•Sir John Hawkins, from England, started
trade between the Americas & England with the Slave Trade
Pirates• The French &
English were late to exploring & often stole from the Spanish lands & ships
• They were called pirates by the Spanish
• Sir Francis Drake was a pirate feared by the Spanish, but greatly loved by the English.
Settlers•By 1600, Spain had an empire in Mexico,
Florida, Central America, the Caribbean Islands, South America
•Europeans landed on east coast of North America
•Found Native Americans, who lived very differently from Europeans
•In 1607, English colonists settled in Jamestown, which is Virginia
•The Pilgrims came on the Mayflower ship in 1620, landing at Plymouth, Massachusetts – seeking religious freedom
Settlers•Puritans were another religious group from
England, who settled on Massachusetts Bay in the 1630s
•The Dutch settled a village at the mouth of the Hudson River, in current day New York
•Many more settlers came from Europe seeking a better life and adventure
•Many became farmers, and in the south tobacco became a main crop that made a lot of money
•Slaves were needed to work the tobacco plantations
•13 colonies were formed under England’s control•Native Americans were pushed westward & lost
land
Traders•The French became trappers – hunting
animals & selling their fur•Usually along the Mississippi River, from
Canada to southern US•The English also held land in Canada that
had been claimed by John Cabot in 1497•French founded Quebec•By 1763, the English took all of Canada
from the French during the French and Indian War
Trading Companies•Trade between Europe & the Americas became
such big business that trading companies were created
•Shareholders bought stock in the companies, & the money funded the trips across the ocean
•Shareholders split the profits from the trade trips
•In 1613, the Amsterdam Stock Exchange was the 1st place built for buying & selling stock
•Netherlands, England & France were leaders in trade – loaned money & charged interest for trips
•London & Amsterdam became huge banking centers in the world
Trading Companies•Trading companies bought insurance in case their ships & the goods were attacked or lost at sea
•Three most powerful trading companies▫English East India Company▫Dutch East India Company▫French East India Company
The New Middle Class•Success of trade create a “middle class” in Europe
•Merchants became very wealthy•Started living like nobles•Built big houses & country estates•Many become interested only in money, clothes & living a life of luxury
•Some helped others▫Hospitals, orphanages, schools