European Exploration: Spanish Conquistadors & a French Explorer.
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Transcript of European Exploration: Spanish Conquistadors & a French Explorer.
3 Reasons for Exploration
_____________ European countries wanted to increase their global wealth.
_____________ Catholic church supported expeditions in hopes of converting natives to Christianity _____________ Expeditions led by Conquistadors looking for wealth & fame.
Gold
God
Glory
3 G’s
Saffron, the world's most expensive spice, is costly because more than 225,000 stigmas must be hand picked to produce one pound
CINNAMON
NUTMEG
SAFFRON
PEPPER
THE
REASON
East Asian Spices/Silk
Important Dates
• Columbus sailed for Spanish King & Queen with 3 ships (Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria.
• Reaches the Bahamas (near North America). Lands at
San Salvador.
• Returned to the Americas 3 times
Are we
there
yet!
1492
AztecsBiggest tribe and
most feared in Central America
Had tons of
gold and
riches
Spanish determined to conquer
them
Practiced brutal
sacrifices to gods
Spanish Advantages: Disease
The Spanish had different immune systems from the American Indians. The “common cold” could infect one person with the flu and all would be affected!
Spanish Advantages
Persuaded thousands of other Native Americans that hated Aztec rule to join the Spanish as allies.
Indian Allies500 Conquistadors
Important DatesBy 1521
• Aztecs are conquered & all their gold is taken by the Spanish conquistadors
Hernan Cortes• Cortes eventually seizes the Aztec capital,
Tenochtitlan (present day Mexico city). • Becomes a base for exploration called New Spain.• His success inspires other Spaniards to explore
North America.
Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda• 1519- Explored & created the 1st map of the
Gulf Coast region (including the Texas coast).1st Europeans to see Texas coast
Panfilo de Narvaez• Sent on an expedition to conquer land between Florida &
Mexico in 1527.• Ships that were supposed to pick them up never did.• Stranded, they built small boats.• Go through a hurricane and get shipwrecked.
Drowned
Cabeza de Vaca• Shipwrecked near Galveston
– (part of Narvaez expedition)
• Survived with Karankawa 8 yrs.
Karankawa give supplies to the men- but they are forced to work for the Karankawa
Location of Galveston Island; the castaways referred to as "Isla del Malhado," or Island of Misfortune.
Indians following the Spaniards brought a sense of horror to the group. According to Cabeza de Vaca, "Our fear made them appear as giants."
Cabeza de Vaca described native dwellings as portable structures made of mats placed on four arches. When it was time to move to the next camp, the Indians would remove the mats and carry them on their backs.
Removed an arrowhead from an Indians chest & sewed up the wounds= great fame as a healer
Cabeza de Vaca• Eventually found his way back to
Mexico City & then went back to Spain.• Wrote a book describing plants &
animals (buffalo) in Texas.
Fray Marcos & Estevanico• Estevanico (Esteban) 1st African to explore Texas.• Fray Marcos- Catholic friar• Sent reports back that encouraged conquistadors to
continue searching for Cibola.
Estevanico Killed
by Zuni Indians
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado• Sent on an expedition to find Cibola- 7 cities
that were rich in gold, silver, & gems.• Searched for 5 months going through the
Texas Panhandle• Cibola turned out to be an adobe village.• Didn’t want to go back empty handed =
continued to search but he found no gold.
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado• Explored the Texas
panhandle. Searching for Quivera.
1st European to see Grand Canyon (Arizona)
Rene-Robert Cavalier Sieur de La Salle• Explored the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico
& claimed Louisiana for France.
Rene-Robert Cavalier Sieur de La SalleLa Salle’s settlement – Fort St. Louis near Matagorda Bay.
Spanish now had to take action to make sure the French didn’t
take over their claim to Texas.
Results of European Exploration
Diseases: Small pox & measles
- (wild offspring of horses) - are first
brought to New World by the Spanish.
Indians get horses trading/raiding and
become better hunters & fighters.
Mustangs
Different fruits
Cattle