China & Africa Exchange In Urban Poverty · PDF fileChina & Africa Exchange In Urban Poverty...

China & Africa Exchange

In Urban Poverty Reduction

Allan Cain

Development Workshop Angola

&

Liu Haifang

Centre for African Studies – PkU - China

Presented to the

Urban LandMark Conference

13 - 14 March 2013

Johannesburg – South Africa

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INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL

• UN Habitat established a Global Urban Observatory Program to help countries monitor their progress to meeting the key urban MDGs as articulated in Goal 7 indicators 11.

• The aim of the Urban MDGs is to reduce the proportion of populations living is slums by measuring the following indicators:

1. Acess to an adequate potable water supply

2. Acess to improved sanitation

3. Sufficient living space

4. Durable and safe housing

5. Secure land tenure

Measuring Urban Poverty Reduction

Urban Growth Rates in Africa & Asia

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China & Africa Urban & Economic Growth

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Africa & Asia Urban Poverty Reduction

Reduction of Slums between 1990 & 2010

1990

2010

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Reduction of Slums between 1990 - 2010

Economic Exclusion & Gini Coefficients The Gini coefficient measures the inequality of wealth within a group such as a city. A Gini coefficient of ‘zero’ expresses perfect equality while ‘one’ expresses maximal inequality

The World’s most Unequal Cities

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Who benefits from urban growth?

How do women fare?

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The purpose of the

observatory is to monitor

key urban indicators and

ensure that the

information is used to

inform policies, public

institutions and local

policy-makers

National and local

observatories also involve

representatives from civil

society, private sector and

academic institutions.

Tanque Serra

Tombo

Rapado

Kikuxi I

Caop

Zango

Tande

Ludi 2

Tanque I

Km 30

Faz Sol

Burgalheira

Cassaca

Dimba

Vitrona

Guengue

Tanque Serra

Ludi 1

Quenguela N orte

Vai e Volta

Sarico

10 de D ezembro

Kikuxi II

Panguila

Areas de Pedreiras

Calivoto

Capalanga

Mulundo

Casa BrancaMussulo

Hoji Ya Henda

Coboy

Camicuto 1

Tanque Serra

Musondo

Tanque II

Nova Esperanca

Km 35

Camicuto 2

Caquila

Terra N ova I I

Bem Vindo

Zona Indus trial

12A

Weji Maca

Santa Pacienc ia

Km 9A

Mulemvos

Cidade Universitario

Calumbo Sede

Ceramica

Golf I

????

Caop B

Banza Calum bo

Cambamba II

Grafanil

Mulemvos

Km 14 A

Km 40A

Chinguar

Cabolombo

12B

Caop A

Paraiso

Km 40 B

Camam a Sede

Nova Urbanizacao

Terra N ova I

Caop C

Mateia II

Cassenda

Km 9B

Sapú

Chimbicato

Quissom eira

Vila de Es toril

Tanque Serra

14B(C ambire)

Quingolo

Casulo Sede

Dala M uleba

Muculo

Tala H adi

KM 32

Mateia I

Nova Vida

Boa Vista

Mayombe

Cazenga Popular

Ngola Kiluanje

INOR AD

Luanda Sul

Palm eirinhas

D

Vila Da Mata

Augus to Ngangula

Vidrul

Boa EsperancaCemiterio 2

Rocha Pinto

Quinzenza

Zona A

Cateba

Cepa

Moxico

Salinas

Fazenda Experim ental

Terra Branca

Imbondeiro

B

Kinanguvo (macedonia)

Soda

Calemba

Mabor

Viana II

Barra do Bengo

Regedoria

Catam bor

CatondoCasulo Estrada

Terra vermelha

Nova Esperanca

Funda Sede (H avemos)

Maianga

Vila Nova

Comandante Bula

Futungo de Belas

Kilunda

Morro Bento II

Tungango

Mbondo Chapeu

C

Nelito Soares

Garc ia

Candua

Morro Bento I

Cambamba I

11 De Novem bre

LixeiraSao Joao

Rio Seco

Ilha D o C abo

Vila de Es toril

Rangel

A

Sao Pedro

Mutam ba Cahango

Camoes

Sao Pedro Da Barro

Sec tor 3

Ingombota

Cazenga M unic ipal

Santo Antonio

Kaw elele

Mota

Bairro do Gamek

Vitoria e Certa

Part ido

Pescadores

Sec tor 1

Marcal

Sec tor2

Cariango

Camux iba

Popular

28 de Agosto

Precol

Compao

Cambamba I

Imbondeiro

Bairro Da Paz

C.T .T

Imbondeiros

Prenda

Malanginho

Combus tiveis

Kaw elele

Farol D as Lagostas

Marconi

Maria Eugenia Neto

Terra N ova

Alto Kifangondo

Corimba

Bairro Operario

Sec tor 4

Orlog

Cardoso

Mulemba

Banga We

Chapas

Sagrada Esperanca

Roque Santeiro

E 15

Casa Branca

Agos tinho N eto

Ilha D a Madeira

Cacuaco Sede

Zona A

Sam ba Grande

Boa Esperança

500 casas

????

Chicala II

1 De Maio

Ecocam po

Jemba (4 de Abril)

Sagrada Esperanca

Val SarocaCemiterio

Bairro Militar

Campismo

Chicala I

Porto Pesquerio

Dez Casas

Anangola

BandeiraOssos

Bairro Azul

Petrangol

Adriano Moreira

Bairro Sujo

Saneamento

Anteiro

Sao Paulo

Sw apo

Enc ibi

Cassequel BuracoSarm ento R ogrigues

Martir De Kifangondo

Cassequel do Imbondeiro

Kikolo Sede

Anangola ????

Sam ba Pequena

Coreia (???)

Miramar

Praia De Bispo

Nguanha

Sam bizangaBairro Cruzeiro

Madame Berm a

Cassequel Lourenco

Bairro da Policia

Forno de C al

Baixo Quifangondo

Bairro chines

Zangado

Cemiterio Novo

Nelitos Soares

Nova Esperanca

Cambamba I

Futungo de Belas

Morro Bento I

Quenguela N orte

Tanque Serra

Cardoso

VIANA

CACUACO

SAMBA

KILAMBA KIAXI

CAZENGA

MAIANGA

SAMBIZANGA

INGOMBOTA

RANGEL

VIANA SEDE

FU NDA

CALUM BO

BENFIC A

KIFAN GOND O

RAM IRO

CAM AMA

KIKOLO CAC UAC O SEDE

GOLFE

FU TU NGO

MUSSULO

ESTORIL

CAZENGA

PALANC A

TALA HAD I

CASSEQUEL

ROCHA PIN TO

HOJI YA H ENDA

NGOLA KILUANJ E

PRENDA

SAMBA

MAIAN GA TERRA NOVA

SAMBIZANGA

KINANGARAN GEL

NEVES BENDINH A

MARCAL

ILHA D O CABO

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

320000

320000

330000

330000

340000

340000

89

90

00

0

89

90

00

0

90

00

00

0

90

00

00

0

90

10

00

0

90

10

00

0

90

20

00

0

90

20

00

0

90

30

00

0

90

30

00

0

90

40

00

0

90

40

00

0

SCSP Intervention Area

SLP Intervention Area

LUCPP Intervention Area

LURE Intervention Area

Bairros Boundaries

Commune Boundaries

Municipality Boundaries

LEGENG

1:200000Scale:

Cliente:

LUPP

Projecto:

LUPP

Desenho:

LUPP Intevention Areas

Elaborou

Data:

28/05/04

Ref:

Aprovou

C.P 3 360

Rua Rei Katyava la 11 3

Lua nda -Angola

Phone: 448 371/77/66

Fa x: 449 494

dwa ng@angone t.org

C.P 2 48

Huambo-Angola

Phone: 244 -41-2033 8/20 081

Fa x: (244-41 )-20 338

dwhua mbo@a ngonet.org

Angolan Urban Poverty Observatory

Participatory Monitoring in Angola

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Voices of Citizens for Urban Change

To influence more inclusive municipal planning processes, and equitable access to improved urban services for the poor by:

• promoting community participation in monitoring urban poverty indicators related to the Millennium Development Goals

• providing evidence-based information as inputs into municipal plans;

• Building an urban poverty network that advocates for equitable access to improved basic services and promote participatory governance;

• increase sustainable access basic services by promoting community management models to ensure that consumer voices are heard.

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Geographic Information Systems

Participatory

Mapping

Remote sensing:

Applied GIS tools

for collecting

urban

information,

using aerial

photographs and

satellite images.

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• Household surveys made by teams comprised of technicians from INOTU, university students and community groups, under the supervision and technical support of DW.

• Data on MDGs was validated by interviews with key informants and focus groups in all bairros in Luanda.

• Data mapped & put into the public domain. Provided to urban planners, ministries, municipal administrators, community associations.

Participatory Research

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Municipal Forums • monitoring results are

presented to the Municipal Forums & CACs

• strengthens the capacity of local authorities and civil society to ensure inclusive and participatory local development.

• demonstrated spaces for consultation between local authorities and civil society on urban issues and promotes municipal democratisation.

Development Workshop Angola

CRESCIMENTO EXPANSIVO

1989 - 100,80 Km²

1998 - 253,27 Km²

2000 - 270,05 Km²

1980 - 19,42 Km²

2010 – 350,00 Km²

Luanda’s rapid urban growth in war

and post-war years

Poverty Mapping of Luanda - findings

Findings: Land Tenure

• The majority of

peri-urban

residents acquired

their and houses

through informal

mechanisms

and don't have

access to

mechanisms to

regularize their

land.

• Most of poor families accumulated savings are tied up in the land

they occupy and the house they built or purchase

• Rapid development of informal markets for the purchase and

renting of land and property

• Formal titling is very rare, but levels of perceived tenure security

is high Informal Purchase

Informal LandOccupationInformal HouseOccupationInformal Rent

Informal FamilyTransferFormal Purchase

Formal FamilyTransferOther

Land Value Mapping in Luanda 2010

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Mapping of Environmental Risk Areas

CazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazengaCazenga

MaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaiangaMaianga

RangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangelRangel

SambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizangaSambizanga

SambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSambaSamba

Kilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba KiaxiKilamba Kiaxi

VianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaVianaViana

CacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuacoCacuaco

5/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m35/Km/1m3


8/Km/1m3

13/Km


10/Km/1m3

<1/Km/1m3

Consumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price CoefficientsConsumer Spatial Price Coefficients

Kz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from CacuacoKz/Km/1m3 from Cacuaco

Mapping of Water Access & Afordability

Average Price of Water

Bairro [Kz/20L]

60

55

50

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

No informal market

M.Baixo Baixo Medio Alto M.Alto

Ingombota 6.2 6.5 4.2 4.6 3.5Maianga 16.2 10.7 15.3 11.5 17.0

Rangel 8.1 4.2 2.7 7.6 0.8

Sambizanga 12.3 14.5 22.9 14.1 17.0

Cazenga 4.2 6.5 2.7 11.8 3.1

K.Kiaxi 15.0 17.2 17.2 17.9 16.6

Samba 13.5 15.6 14.1 10.7 23.2

Cacuaco 8.5 13.4 8.4 3.4 5.4Viana 16.2 11.5 12.6 18.3 13.5

Total 100 100 100 100 100

Nivel de consumoMunicipio

Urban Challenges

76% of Luanda’s population

lives in informal Musseques

Financing urban development

• Large-scale investment is needed in bulk provision, such as mains water supply and treatment, final rubbish disposal sites and mains sewerage.

• Financing urban development in a situation such as Luanda, which has a low fiscal base, is a severe challenge.

• This is due partly to the poverty of the majority of the inhabitants.

• The weak taxation regime in general partly due to a lack of up-to-date cadastre and population census.

• Financing is required at a scale that even the state cannot afford.

• Partnerships with private sector and international lenders are necessary.

• China has been the principal financer of Angolan reconstruction.

Background on Angola & China

• Angola is China’s principal African trading partner

• 25% of China’s African commerce is with Angola

• 15% of China’s petroleum imports are from Angola

• Angola and China are two of the fastest urbanising countries in the world.

• At 7% growth Luanda is the fastest growing city in Southern Africa.

• Much of Angola’s post-war reconstruction is financed by Chinese credit lines.

• Chinese – Angolan economic cooperation is estimated to be about US$ 25 billion over the last decade.

Contracts of Chinese Companies in Angola (2003 – 2009), US$ millions

Chinese Economic Cooperation

One million house programme

115,000 houses to be supplied by State

685,000 houses to be self-built

SISTEMA NACIONAL DE


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China & Africa Exchange In Urban Poverty · PDF fileChina & Africa Exchange In Urban Poverty...

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