Chemistry (The Mole)

8/17/2019 Chemistry (The Mole)

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THE MOLE



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MODULE THE MOLE

One mole

atom

Relative atomic mass = 1 mole of atoms = (6.02 x 1023 atoms) = ( A i! "ams

Example :Each 7g lithium, 12g carbon, 56g iron, 64g copper, 197g gold contains6.2 x 12! atoms "1 mole atom#

[Relative atomic mass: Li,7 ; C,12 ; Fe,56 ; Cu,64 ; Au,197 ]

One molemole#$le

Relative mole#$la mass = 1 mole of mole#$les = (6.02 x 1023 mole#$les)= ( M i! "ams )

Example :Each 2g h$drogen gas, 16g methane gas, 17g ammonia gas, 44g carbon dioxidegas contains 6.2 x 12! molecules.[Relative atomic mass : H,1 ; C,12 ; N,14 ;,16 ]



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A%T&'&T 1

%omplete the table belo&.Lengkapkan jadual dibawah

Relative atomi# mass* A + %*12 , Al*2- , He* , H*1 , O*16 , /*1 A + Atomi# mass !isim atomM + Mole#$la mass !isim mole"ul

$sta!#e[#a$a%]

molo

[Fo&mula ]

A o M Mass of1 mole

[!isim 1mol]

Mass of6.02 x1023 4ati#les

[!isim 6'(2 )1( 2* +a&a$]

Mola mass[!isimmola&]

%arbon% 12

1%12" 12" 12"mol51

'luminium 2-"

(eliumHe "

($drogen



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H2 2 x 12H

2 "mol51

%arbon)ioxide

'mmonia 1-"

($drogenchloride

x Mola mass

Mola mass

Or &rite in *ormula,

Mass of s$sta!#e i! "am !isim a$a% -alam .&am

Nume& o/ moles o/ a susta%ce +Bilangan mol bahan Mola mass of s$sta!#e !isim mola& a.i a$a%

Examle 1+

%alculate the number o* moles o* an atom &hich is *ound in 2g o* iron.Hitung bilangan mol bagi atom yang terdapat didalam 28g besi.[ Relative atomic mass !e" #$ %

Mass (g)Number of moles



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ol$tio! +

masste1 -umber o* moles +

relatie atomic mass

te 2 2 +

56

+ .5 mol

Examle 2 +

%alculate the mass o* .5 mol carbon dioxide, %O2 /Hitung jisim &.# mol karbon dioksida" '(2 )

[ Relative atomic mass '" *2+ ("*$ %

ol$tio! + masste 1 -umber o* moles +

0elatie molecular mass

te 2 .5 + mass

12 " 2 x 16 #

.5 + mass

44

hus, 3ass o* carbon dioxide + .5 x 44

+ 22g

roblem inoling relationships bet&een !$me of moles* !$me of ati#les a!7mass of s$sta!#e can be soled using a combination o* both euations.,erkaitan masaalah perhubungan diantara bilangan mol" bilangan -arah dan jisimbahan boleh diselesaikan dengan mengabungkan keduadua persamaan.

Number of particles

[Bilangan zarah]

Number of moles =

[Bilangan mol] NA

Mass

Number of moles =

Ar or Mr



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o sole uestions on the relationship bet&een number o* moles, numbero* particles and mass o* substance, the *ollo&ing step can be used.

/ntuk menyelesaikan perhubungan diantara bilangan mol" bilangan -arah dan jisimbahan" langkahlangkah berikut boleh digunakan.

te 1La%."a$ 1

rite the *ormula :0ulis 1ormula

-umber o* particles mass

+- ' 'r or 3r

te 2La%."a$ 2

ubstitute the alues gien into the *ormula.antikan nilai yang diberikan kedalam 1ormula

Examle 3 +

%alculate the number o* atoms *ound in 2g o* iron.Hitung bilangan atom yang didapati didalam 28g besi.[ Relative atomic mass !e"#$ + 3 4 5 $.&2 6 *& 27 mol * %

ol$tio! +

-umber o* atoms mass

Number of particles Mass

=NA Ar or Mr



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+- ' relatie atomic mass

-umber o* atoms 2+

6.2 x 12! 56

2hus, the number o* atoms + x 6.2 x 12! atoms 56

+ !.1 x 12! atoms

Examle + %alculate the mass in gram *or 1.5 x 124 chlorine molecules.Hitung jisim dalam gram bagi *.# 6 *& 2 molekul klorin

" 0elatie atomic mass : %l,!5.5 8 - ' + 6.2 x 12! #

ol$tio! + -umber o* atoms mass

+- ' relatie molecular mass

1.5 x 124 + mass

6.2 x 12! 2 x !5.5

hus, the mass o* chlorine + 1.5 x 124 x 71

6.2 x 12!

+ 177.5 g

AC003 2:

%omplete the table belo&Lengkapkan jadual dibawah

[ Relati1 atomic mass 3e"2& + 9n"$# + H"* + 'l"7#.# + 3a"27 + ("*$ + 4l"2: + ;"72 + '"*2 +Ba"*7: +

4vagdro 3umber" 3 4 5 $.&2 6 *& 27 mol * %



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/o Eleme!tMass

(")

/$me of moles( mol )

/$me of ati#les

1/eo!*/e

2 8i!#* 8! 29 x 10

2

atoms

3 H7o#:loi# a#i7* H%l1.9

o7i$m oxi7e* /a2O 2;

9 Al$mi!i$m#:loi7e*Al%l3

;.9 x 1022 io!s

A%T&'&T 3 + %AL%ULAT&/< RELAT&'E MOLE%ULAR MA

NH0N !8 LL RLA0F

/o/ame of %omo$!7

Nama seatia%

om$la of %omo$!7

Fo&mulaseatia%

Relative Mole#$le Mass>Relative om$la Mass!isim mole"ul &elati/!isim /o&mula &elati/

A!s!<

1 %opper"# chloride %u%l2 64 2"!5.5# + 1!5 1!5

2 otassium chloride 74.5

! odium sulphate 142

4 3agnesium sulphate 125 in; carbonate 125

6 otassium nitrate 11

7 ron"# oxide 72

%alcium nitrate 164

9 <arium sulphate 2!!

1 in"# chloride 19

11 =ead"# oxide 22!

12 'luminum chloride1!!.

5

1! 'mmonium nitrate

14 odium nitrate 5

15 iler oxide 2!2



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16 ron"# chloride162.

5

17 odium bromide 1!

1 odium oxide 62

19 =ead"# sulphate !!

2 =ithium oxide !

21 3agnesium nitrate 14

22 otassium iodide 166

2! otassium sulphate 174

24 3agnesium oxide 4

/o /ame of %omo$!7 om$la of %omo$!7

Relative Mole#$le Mass>Relative om$la Mass

A!s

25 ron"# carbonate 116

26 %arbon dioxide 44

27 %opper"# carbonate 124

2 odium iodide 15

29 'mmonium nitrate

! %opper"# h$droxide 9

!1 %alcium carbonate 1

!2 'mmonium sulphate 1!2

!! odium carbonate 16

!4 iler sulphate !12

!5 'luminum oxide 12

!6 'luminum sulphate !42

!7 ron"# oxide 16

! ron"# sulphate 4

!9 otassium carbonate 1!

4 'cetic acid 6

41 ul*uric acid 9



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42 ($drochloric acid !6.5

4! -itric acid 6!

44 3agnesium h$droxide 5

45 %opper"# nitrate 1

46 3agnesium etanoat "%(!%OO#23g 142

473agnesium sulphate

h$drate3gO4.7(2O 246

4 %opper"# sulphate h$drate %uO4.5(2O 25

49 <utanoic acid %!(7%OO(

5 otassium manganese"># ?3nO4 15



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A%T&'&T +

1. %alculate the number o* moles in each uestion :Hitung bilangan mol bagi setiap soalan

"a# 1 g odium h$droxide

A!s?e+i. !ormula 1or sodium hydro6ide 5 3a(H ii. Relative molecular mass 1or sodium hydro6ide 5 *<27=>*<*$=>*<*=

5 & iii. ?olar mass 1or sodium hydro6ide 5 &g

iv. 3umber o1 mole 5 5 &.2# mol

"b# 2 g %opper"# sulphate

"c# 1.44 g otassium sulphate

"d# 4.75 g 3agnesium chloride

"e# 2.97 g @inc h$droxide

*& g & g



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"*# 1.44 g sodium carbonate

"g# 2.769 g aluminum nitrate

"h# !2 g iron"# sulphate

"i# 5.22 g magnesium h$droxide

"A# 1.655 g lead"# nitrate



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2. %alculate the mass o* :Hitung jisim bagi

"a# .5 mol sodium oxide

A!s?e+

i. !ormula 1or sodium o6ide 5 3a2 (ii. Relative molecular mass 1or sodium o6ide 5 2<27= > *<*$= 5 $2 iii. ?olar mass 1or sodium o6ide 5 $2g v. 3umber o1 mole 5 &.# mol vi. ?ass 1or &.# mol sodium o6ide 5 &.# 6 $25 *1'(.

"b# 1.2 mol tin"# chloride

"c# .25 mol copper"# carbonate

"d# .! mol calcium chloride

"e# .125 mol iron"# sulphate



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"*# .!4 mol potassium sulphate

"g# .2 mol barium sulphate

"h# .! mol siler nitrate

"i# .12 mol magnesium nitrate

"A# .5 mol calcium sulphate



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A%se&:

*. <a= &.2# mol <b= &.&*2# mol <c= &.&$ mol <d= &.&# mol <e= &.&7 mol <1= &.&* mol <g= &.&*7 mol <h= &.&8mol <i= &.&@ mol<j=&.&&# mol

2. <a= 7*.&g <b= 228.&g <c= 7*.& g <d= 77.7& g <e= *@.& g <1= #@.*$ g <g= $.$& g <h= #*.&g <i= *:.:$ g <j=$.8& g

A%T&%&T 9 +

1. %alculate the number o* atoms in :Hitung bilangan atom didalam

"a# 4 g ox$gen atom [answer+*.# 6 *& 27 %

A!s?e+

i. !ormula 1or o6ygen 5 (ii. 0otal o1 an atoms in o6ygen 5 *iii. Relative atomic mass 1or o6ygen 5 *$ iv. ?olar mass 1or o6ygen 5 *$g

v. 3umber o1 mole 5 5 &.2#

vi. 3umber o1 atoms 5 &.2# 6 * 6 $.&2 6 *& 27 5 1'5(5 ) 1(2*

"b# 1.9 g @inc [answer+*.8 6 *& 22 %

"c# ! g magnesium [answer:.# 6 *& 22 %

"d# 2 g h$drogen atom [answer*.2 6 *& 2 %

"e# 1. g iron [answer*.&8 6 *& 27 %

4 g

16 g



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"*# .2 mol sul*ur [answer*.2 6 *& 27 %

"g# .12 mol nitrogen atom [answer:.$8 6 *& 22 %

2. %alculate the number o* atom in :

Hitung bilangan atom didalam

"a# 4 g ox$gen gas [answer*.#&# 6 *& 27 %

A!s?e+

i. !ormula 1or o6ygen gas 5 (2

ii. 0otal o1 an atoms in o6ygen gas 5 2 iii. Relative atomic mass 1or o6ygen 5 2<*$=

5 72 iv. ?olar mass 1or o6ygen 5 72g

v. 3umber o1 mole 5 5 &.*2#

vi. 3umber o1 atom 5 &.*2# 6 2 6 $.&2 6 *& 27 5 1'5(5 ) 1(2*

"b# 5.6 g magnesium oxide [answer*.$8 6 *& 27 %

"c # 4.9 g sulphuric acid [answer2.* 6 *& 27 %

4 g

!2 g



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"d# 1. g magnesium sulphate [answer#. 6 *& 22 %

"e# 1.96 g copper"# h$droxide [answer$ 6 *& 22 %

"*# 2.6625 g aluminum nitrate [answer@.:# 6 *& 22 %

!. %alculate the number o* ion in :Hitung bilangan ion didalam

"a# 4.9 g dilute sulphuric acid [answer@ .&7 6 *& 22 %

A!s?e+

i. !ormula 1or sulphuric acid 5 H 2 ;(

ii. 0otal o1 an ions in sulphuric acid 5 7 5 2H > > *;(2

iii. Relative atomic mass 1or sulphuric acid 5 2<*= > *<72= > <*$= 5 @8 iv. ?olar mass 1or sulphuric acid 5 @8g

v. 3umber o1 mole 5 5 &.&#

vi. 3umber o1 ions 5 &.&# 6 7 6 $.&2 6 *& 27 5 9'(* ) 1(2*

<b= 1. g aueous magnesium sulphate [answer*.8 6 *& 22 %

4.9 g

98 g



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<c= 4.7 g auase copper"# nitrate [answer.# 6 *& 22 %

<d= 17 g aueous @inc chloride [answer2.2# 6 *& 27 %

<e= 17 g aueous siler nitrate [answer*.2 6 *& 27 %

<1= 414 g aueous potassium carbonate [answer#. 6 *& 2 %



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4. %alculate the mass o* :Hitung jisim bagi

"a# ! x 12! ox$gen atom [answer8.& g%

A!s?e+

i. !ormula 1or o6ygen atom 5 (ii. Relative atomic mass 1or o6ygen atom 5 *$ iii. molar mass 1or o6ygen 5 *$g

iv. 3umber o1 mole 5 5 &.#& mol

v. mass 1or 7 6 *& 27 o6ygen atom 5 &.#& 6 *$ 5 ='(.

<b= 7.2 x 12! @inc atom [answer:8 g%

<c= 7.5 x 122 sul*ur atom [answer.& g%

<d= 1. x 121 lead atom [answer&.$2*g%

<e= 2.4 x 122 magnesium atom [answer&.@$ g%

7 6 *& 27 atom$.&2 6 *& 27 atom



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<1= ! h$drogen atom [answer+# 6 *& 2 g%

<g= 12 helium atom [answer*.2 6 *& 22 g%

A%T&'&T 6+ MOLE &/ %HEM&%AL E@UAT&O/ & L >>ALA ?R8AAAN A 1

1. !.1 g o* copper"# carbonate is heated to produced copper"# oxide and carbondioxide gas.7.*g kuprum<AA= karbonat dipanaskan untuk menghasilkan kuprum<AA= oksida dan gaskarbon dioksida.

[ relative atomic mass 1or 'u"$+'"*2+("*$+ ?olar olume is 22. dm7 at ;0,%

%u%O! %uO %O2

Brom the reaction, calculate:Caripada tindakbalas" hitung

"a# the mass o* copper "# oxide produced.Disim kuprum<AA= oksida yang terhasil.

"b# the olume o* carbon dioxide gas produced at isipadu gas karbon dioksida yang terhasil pada ;0,.



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2. %a%O! %aO %O2

n this reaction, ! cm! carbon dioxide gas are produced &hen calcium carbonate isheated.Calam tindakbalas ini" 7&& cm7 gas karbon dioksida dihasilkan apabila kalsium

karbonat dipanaskan.[ relative atomic mass 1or 'u"$+'"*2+("*$+ ?olar olume is 22. dm7 at ;0,%

%alculate:Hitung

"a# the mass o* calcium carbonate used.Disim kalsium karbonat yang digunakan.

"b# mass o* calcium oxide produced.Disim kalsium oksida yang dihasilkan.

!. 2-a 2(2O 2-aO( (2

hen .2! g o* sodium is added to &ater, the metal &ill react igorousl$ at the sur*aceo* the &ater.

4pabila &.27g natrium dimasukkan kedalam air" logam tersebut bertindakbalasdengan cergas dipermukaan air.[Relative atomic mass 1or 3a"27+H"*+("*$+?olar volume is 2 dm7 at roomtemperature%

%alculate:Hitung

"a# he mass sodium h$droxide produced.Disim natrium hidroksida yang dihasilkan.

"b# >olume o* h$drogen gasses $ang being produced at temperature room.Asipadu gas hidrogen yang dihasilkan pada suhu bilik.



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4. 23g O2 23gO

' strip o* magnesium has a &eight o* 1.2 g are being burn &ith surplus ox$gen toproduced magnesium oxide.

Eepingan magnesium seberat *.2g dibakar dengan campuran oksigen untuk menghasilkan magnesium oksida.[Relative atomic mass ?g"2+("*$%

%alculate:Hitung

"a# he mass magnesium oxide being produced.Disim magnesium oksida yang dihasilkan

"b# he mass o* ox$gen that needed *or this reaction.Cisim o;sigen $ang diperlu;an bagi tinda;balas ini.

5. %!( 5O2 !%O2 4(2O

%hemical euation aboe sho&s &hen propane gas &as burned in ox$gen. * !.!6 dm!

o* carbon dioxide gas are produced in this reaction at ,,ersamaan diatas menunjukkan apabila gas propane dibakar didalam oksigen.;ekiranya 7.7$ dm 7 gas karbon dioksida dihasilkan dalam tindakbalas ini pada ;0,"

[ relative atomic mass 1or '"*2+("*$+H"*+ ?olar olume is 22. dm7 at ;0,%

%alculate:(itung:

"a# he mass o* propane burnedDisim propana yang terbakar.

"b# >olume o* ox$gen gas that reactedAsipadu oksigen yang bertindakbalas.



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6. 2'l !%uO 'l2O! !%u

1.!5g o* aluminium po&der and copper "# oxide &as heated strongl$ in laborator$ to

produced aluminium oxide and copper.*.7#g serbuk aluminium dan kuprum<AA= oksida dipanaskan dengan kuat didalammakmal untuk menghasilkan aluminium oksida dan kuprum.[ relative atomic mass 1or 4l"2:+("*$+'u"$%

%alculate:Hitung

"a# he mass o* copper "# oxide reactedDisim kuprum<AA= oksida yang bertindakbalas.

"b# he mass o* aluminium oxide produced.Disim aluminium oksida yang dihasilkan.

"c# he mass o* copper produced.Disim kuprum yang dihasilkan.

4nswer

*. <a= 2 g <b= &.#$ dm7 2.<a= *.2# g <b= &.: g 7. <a= &.g <b= &.*2 dm7

. <a= 2 g <b= &.8 g #.<a= 2.2 g <b= #.$ dm7 $.<a= $ g <b= 2.## g <c= .8 g



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A%T&'&T 6 +MOLE &/ %HEM&%AL E@UAT&O/ &&

1. 4? O2 2?2O

11.7 g o* potassium &as burnt in ox$gen to produce potassium oxide.**.:g kalium dipanaskan didalam oksigen untuk menghasilkan kalium oksida [Relative atomic mass E" 7@+ (" *$+ ?olar olume is 2 dm7 at room temperature%

%alculate:Hitung

"a# 3ass o* potassium oxide being producedDisim kalium oksida yang dihasilkan.

"b# >olume o* ox$gen reacts at room temperatureDisim oksigen yang bertindakbalas pada suhu bilik.

2. 2Be !%l2 2Be%l!!!.6 g o* iron react &ith chlorine gas to produced iron "# chloride at room temperature.!!.6g besi bertinda;balas dengan gas ;lorin menghasil;an Berum"# ;lorida pada suhubili;.[Relative atomic mass !e" #$+ 'l" 7#.#+ ?olar olume is 2 dm7 at room temperature%

%alculate:Hitung

"a# 3ass o* iron "# chloride producedDisim 1erum<AAA= klorida yang dihasilkan.

"b# >olume o* chlorine gas reactsAsipadu gas klorin yang bertindakbalas.



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!. 23g O2 23gO

!.4 g o* magnesium &as burnt in ox$gen gas to produced magnesium oxide in a

laborator$.7.8g magnesium dibakar didalam oksigen untuk menghasilkan magnesium oksidadidalam makmal. DRelative atomic mass ?g" 2+ (" *$+ ?olar olume is 2 dm7 at room temperature%

%alculate:Hitung

"a# 3ass o* magnesium oxide produced.Disim magnesium oksida yang dihasilkan.

"b# >olume o* ox$gen reacts &ith magnesium at room temperature.Asipadu oksigen yang bertindakbalas dengan magnesium pada suhu bilik.

4. 2?-O! 2?-O2 O2

5.5 g o* potassium nitrate &as heated strongl$ to produce potassium nitrite and ox$gengas at standard temperature.#.&#g kalium nitrat dipanaskan dengan kuat menghasilkan kalium nitrat dan gas oksigen pada suhu piawai. [Relative atomic mass E" 7@+ 3" *+ (" *$+ ?olar olume is 22. dm 7 at standard temperature%

%alculate:(itung:

"a# 3ass o* potassium nitrite produced

Disim kalium nitrat yang dihasilkan.



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"b# >olume o* ox$gen produced Asipadu gas oksigen yang dihasilkan.

5. 2b"-O!#2 2bO 4-O2 O2

7.22 g o* lead nitrate &as heated strongl$ to produce products as aboe at .:.282g plumbum nitrat dipanaskan dengan kuat untuk menghasilkan bahan tindakbalasseperti diatas pada ;0,.[Relative atomic mass ,b" 2&:+ 3" *+ (" *$+ ?olar olume is 22. dm7 at standardtemperature and pressure%

%alculate:Hitung

"a# 3ass o* lead "# oxideDisim plumbum<AA= oksida.

"b# >olume o* nitrogen dioxide gas releasedAsipadu gas nitrogen dioksida yang dibebaskan.

"c# >olume o* ox$gen produced in the experiment.Asipadu gas oksigen yang dihasilkan didalam eksperimen.



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6. 2'l 6(%l 2'l%l! !(2

!.24 g o* aluminum po&der are added to h$drochloric acid in a conical *las;. hereaction released a h$drogen gas and produced a aluminum chloride solution.7.2g serbuk aluminium ditambahkan kedalam asid hidroklorik didalam kelalang kon.0indakbalas tersebut menghasilkan gas hidrogen dan larutan aluminium klorida.[Relative atomic mass 4l" 2:+ 'l" 7#.#+ H" *+ ?olar olume is 2 dm7 at roomtemperature%

%alculate:Hitung

"a# 3ass o* h$drochloric acid reacts &ith aluminumDisim asid hidroklorik yang bertindakbalas dengan aluminium

"b# 3ass o* aluminum chloride producedDisim aluminium klorida yang dihasilkan.

"c# >olume o* h$drogen gas released at room temperatureAsipadu gas hydrogen yang dibebaskan pada suhu bilik.



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7. !3g Be2O! !3gO 2Be

! g o* magnesium po&der &as added to iron "# oxide and heated er$ strongl$. hereaction produced a &hite *ume o* magnesium oxide and a bro&n metal o* iron.7 g serbuk magnesium ditambah kepada 1erum<AAA= oksida dan dipanaskan dengan kuat.0indakbalas tersebut menghasilkan wasap putih magnesium oksida dan logam perang besi.[Relative atomic mass ?g" 2+ (" *$+ !e" #$%

%alculate:(itung:

"a# 3ass o* iron "# oxide reacts &ith magnesium.Disim 1erum<AAA= oksida yang bertindakbalas dengan magnesium.

"b# 3ass o* the &hite *ume released in the reactionDisim wasap putih yang dibebaskan didalam tindakbalas.

"c# 3ass o* iron producedDisim besi yang dihasilkan.

4nswer



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*. <a= *.* g <b= *.8 dm7 2.<a= @:.# g <b= 2*.$ dm7 7.<a= $. g <b= *.@2 dm7

. <a= .2# g <b= &.#$ dm7 #. <a= .@&$ g <b= &.@8#$ dm7 <c= &.2$ dm7

$. <a= *7.* g <b= *$.&2 g <c= .72 dm7 :.<a= $.$: g <b= # g <c= .$: dm7

A%T&'&T - + OBE%T&'E @UET&O/

1 he euation belo& represents the reaction to extract aluminium *rom aluminium oxide.,ersamaan dibawah mewakili tindakbalas pengekstakan aluminium daripada aluminiumoksida.

2Al2O3 Al C 3O2

hat is the mass o* aluminium that can be extracted *rom 12 g o* aluminium oxide/ 4pakah jisim bagi aluminium yang boleh di ekstrak daripada *&2g aluminium oksida)[Relative atomic mass (" *$+ 4l"2:%

' 1!.5 g< 27. g

% 54. g) 1. g

2 %O3 O C %O2

he euation aboe sho&s the action o* heat on the carbonate salt o* metal .(o& man$ moles o* %O! are needed to produced 4. g o* oxide /,ersamaan diatas menunjukkan tindak balas pemanasan garam karbonat bagi logam F.Berapa mol F'(7 yang diperlukan bagi menghasilkan .&g oksida F )[Relative atomic mass '" *2+ (" *$+ F" $%

' .!< .5% .) .9

3 ulphuric acid used as an electrol$te in a car batter$ has a concentration o* .5 mol dmF!.(o& man$ moles o* sulphuric acid is there in 1 cm!/

4sid sul1uric digunakan sebagai elektrolit bateri kereta yang berkepekatan &.# mol dm7 .Berapakah mol asid sul1uric didalam *&& cm 7 asid itu)

' .25< .5% .1) .5



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)iagram 1 sho&s the setFup o* apparatus *or the titration o* potassium h$droxide solution&ith sulphuric acid.0aAah 1 menunAu;;an susunan radas bagi pentitratan larutan ;alium hidro;sida dengan

asid sul*uric.

)iagram 1

hat is the total olume o* the mixture in the conical *las; at the end point o* the titrationin )iagram 1 / 4pakah jumlah isipadu campuran didalam kelalang kon pada titik akhir pentitratan padaRajah *

' 1 cm!

< 2 cm!% ! cm!

) 4 cm!

9 )iagram 2 sho&s an energ$ leel diagram.Rajah 2 menunjukkan rajah aras tenaga

Energ$

C "s# 2"a#

C 2"a# "s#

)iagram 2

<ased on )iagram 2, &hat is the increase in temperature o* the solution i* excess Cpo&der is added to 5 cm! o* salt solution .2 mol dm F!/Berdasarkan Rajah 2" apakah pertambahan suhu terhadap larutan sekiranya serbuk Dsecara berlebihan ditambah kepada #& cm 7 larutan garam 0 &.2 mol dm 7 )[;peci1ic heat capacity o1 solution .& D g * & ' * %

' 4.4 %

2 cm!

o* potassium h$droxidesolution .1 mol dmF! andphenolphthalein as an indicator

ulphuric acid .1mol dmF!

GH522&kDmol *



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< 5.5 %% . %) 11. %

6 hich o* the *ollo&ing uantities o* substance contain 6 x 122 molecules/?anakah antara kuantiti bahan berikut mengandungi $ 6 *& 22 molekul.[Relative atomic mass H" *+ '" *2+ (" *$+ 4vogadros 'onstant $ F *& 27 mol * %

1. g &ater 1. g h$drogen gas !.2 g ox$gen gas> 4.4 g carbon dioxide

' and onl$< and > onl$% , , and > onl$) , , , and >

he euation belo& represents the decomposition o* h$drogen peroxide solution.,ersamaan dibawah mewakili penguraian larutan hydrogen peroksida.

2(2O2"a# 2(2O"l# O2"g#

hich o* the *ollo&ing are produced &hen 1 mole o* h$drogen peroxide is decomposedcompletel$/?anakah antara berikut menghasilkan * mol hydrogen peroksida apabila penguraianlengkap berlaku)

[* mole o1 gas occupies 2 dm7 at room condition+ 4vogadros 'onstant $.& F *& 27 mol * %

2 moles o* &ater 12x dm! o* ox$gen gas ! x 12! o* ox$gen molecules> 1.2 x 124 o* &ater molecules

' and onl$< and > onl$% and onl$) and > onl$

9. hat is the number o* molecules in 1 mole o* ammonia, -(!/Gse the in*ormation that the 'ogadro constant + 6. x 12! molF1

4pakah bilangan molekul didalam * mol ammonia" 3H 7 )unakan maklumat bahawa pemalar 4vogadro 5 $.& 6 *& 27 mol *

' 1.5 12! molecules< 6. 12! molecules%1.2 124 molecules)2.4 124 molecules



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1. ' compound &ith *ormula 2%O! has a relatie *ormula mass o* 1!.hat is the relatie atomic mass o* /Gse the in*ormation that the relatie atomic mass o* % + 12 and O + 16.;ebatian yang ber1ormula F 2 '(7 mempunyai jisim 1ormula relative *78. 4pakah jisim atom relative bagi F )unakan maklumat dimana jisim atom ralti1 bagi ' 5 *2 dan ( 5 *$

' !9< 69

% 7 ) 11

11. he euation sho&s the reaction bet&een sulphuric acid and sodium h$droxide.

,ersamaan menunjukkan tindakbalas antara asid sul1uric dan natrium hidroksida.

H2O C 2/aOH /a2O C 2H2O

hat is the olume o* 1. mol dmF! sodium h$droxide solution &hich can neutrali@e25. cm! o* 1. mol F! sulphuric acid/ 4pakah isipadu bagi *.& mol dm 7 natrium hidroksida yang boleh meneutralkan 2#.&cm 7 asid sul1uric *.& mol dm 7 .

'. 12.5 cm!

<. 25. cm!

%. 5. cm!

). 75. cm!

12. !.2 g o* cooper"# oxide po&der is reacted &ith excess dilute nitric acid.hat is the mass o* cooper"# nitrate *ormed in the reaction/7.2 g serbuk kuprum<AA= oksida berttindakbalas dengan asid nitric cair secaraberlebihan. 4pakah jisim kuprum<AA= nitrat yang terbentuk dalam tindakbalas tersebut)

Gse the in*ormation that the relatie atomic mass o* - + 14, O + 16 and %u + 64.unakan maklumat dimana jisim atom relative bagi 35*" (5*$ dan 'u5$.

'. !.76 g<. 4.96 g%. 5.4 g). 7.52 g

1!. he *ollo&ing euation sho&s the combustion o* heptane, %7(16, in excess ox$gen.0indakbalas berikut menunjukkan pembakaran bagi heptana" ' : H *$ " didalam oksigenberlebihan.

%7(16 "l# 112 "g# 7%O2 "g# (2O "l#, H ( + F5 512 ;C molF1

he combustion o* heptane in excess ox$gen released 1,!7 ;C o* energ$.hat is the mass o* heptane used/



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,embakaran heptana didalam oksigen berlebihan membebaskan *"7:8 kD tenaga. 4pakah jisim heptana yang digunakan )

Gse the in*ormation that the relatie atomic mass o* ( + 1 and % + 12.unakan maklumat dimana jisim atom relative bagi H5* dan '5*2.

'. 25.g<. !6.g%. 77.g). .g

14. he diagram sho&s t&o balloons *illed &ith ox$gen gas and h$drogen gas.Rajah menunjukkan dua belon yang disikan penuh dengan gas oksigen dan gashirogen.

hich o* the *ollo&ing statements is true about the t&o gases/?anakah antara berikut kenyataan benar tentang keduadua gas )

'. he number o* moles o* ox$gen gas is greater than h$drogen gas Bilangan mol gas oksigen adalah lebih besar berbanding gas hydrogen.

<. he number o* moles o* ox$gen gas and h$drogen gas is eual Bilangan mol gas oksigen dan gas hydrogen adalah sama %. he number o* ox$gen gas molecules is greater than h$drogen gas molecules Bilangan molekul gas oksigen adalah lebih besar berbanding molekul gas hydrogen

). he number o* ox$gen gas molecules is *e&er than h$drogen gas molecules Bilangan molekul gas oksigen adalah kurang berbanding molekul gas hidrogen

15. ' h$drocarbon compound is burnt completel$ in air to *orm 17.6 g o* carbon dioxide gasand 7.2 g o* &ater.hat is the molecular *ormula o* the h$drocarbon compound/;ebatian hidrokarbon terbakar lengkap diudara membentuk *:.$g gas karbon dioksidadan :.2 g air. 4pakah 1ormula molekul bagi sebatian hidrokarbon tersebut)

Iien that the relatie atomic mass o* %+12, (+1, O+16.Ciberikan jisim atom relative bagi '5*2" H5*" (5*$.

'. %2(6

<. %!(



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%. %4(

). %4(1

16. he picture sho&s a &aste disposal site. he actiit$ o* microorganisms in the &asteproduces methane gas.ambar menunjukkan kawasan pembuangan bahan buangan. 4ktiviti mikroorganismaterhadap bahan buangan menghasilkan gas methana.

hat is the mass o* methane gas produced/ 4pakah jisim gas methana yang dihasilkan)

Iien that the relatie atomic mass o* (+1, %+12, and 1 mol o* gas occupies 24dm! atroom temperature and pressure.Ciberikan jsim atom relati1 bagi H5*" '5*2 dan * mol sebarang gas memenuhi 2 dm 7 pada suhu bilik dan tekanan piawai.

'.12g<.16g%.21g

).27g

17. 5 g o* element reacted &ith g o* elements J to *orm a compound &ith the *ormulaJ2.hat is the relatie atomic mass o* element /#g unsur F bertindakbalas dengan 8g unsur I untuk membentuk sebatian ber1ormula FI 2 . 4pakah jisim atom relati1 bagi unsur F)

Iien that the relatie atomic mass o* J+.Ciberikan jisim atom relati1 bagi I 5 8&.

'. 25<. 4%. 5).1



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1. .12 g o* magnesium reacts &ith excess h$drochloric acid to produced h$drogen gas.Iien that the relatie molecular mass o* (+1, 3g+24, %l+!5.5 and 1 mol o* gasoccupies 24 dm!at room temperature pressure.hich o* the *ollo&ing is true about the reaction/&.*2g magnesium bertindakbalas dengan asid hidroklorik berlebihan untukmenghasilkan gas hidrogen.Ciberikan jisim atom relati1 bagi H5*" ?g52" 'l57#.# dan * mol sebarang gasmemenuhi 2 dm 7 pada suhu bilik dan tekanan piawai.?anakah antara berikut adalah benar bagi tindakbalas tersebut)

. 3g 2(3g2 (2

. >olume o* gas released is 12 cm!

Asipadu gas yang dibebaskan ialah *2& cm 7

. 3ass o* the salt *ormed is .!g

Disim garam yang terbentuk ialah &.7&g.>. his is a redox reaction

Ani merupakan tindakbalas redo6

'. and onl$<. and onl$%. , and > onl$). , and > onl$

19. n an experiment, the decomposition o* 25cm! o* .1 mol dmF! h$drogen peroxidesolution produces ox$gen gas.

Cidalam eksperimen penguraian 2# cm 7 larutan hidrogen peroksida &.* mol dm 7 meghasilkan gas oksigen.

* the experiment is repeatedusing another solution, &hich solution &ill produce cure K/;ekiranya eksperimen diulangi dengan menggunakan larutan lain" larutan yangmanakan menghasilkan lengkung J )

'. 25 cm! o* .15 mol dmF! h$drogen peroxide<. 2 cm! o* .15 mol dmF! h$drogen peroxide%. 15 cm! o* .15 mol dmF! h$drogen peroxide). 1 cm! o* .25 mol dmF! h$drogen peroxide



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2. he chemical *ormula *or potassium hexac$ano*errate"# is ?!Be"%-#6.hat is its relatie *ormula mass/!ormula kimia bagi kalium heksasiano1errat ialah E 7!e<'3=$ .

4pakah jisim 1ormula relati1nya)

D0elatie atomic mass o* % +12, -+14, ?+!9 and Be + 56L

' 121< 199% 251) !29

21. * the 'ogadro number is represented b$ the letter 6 , &hat is the number o* h$drogengas particles, (2, &ith the molar olume o* 24 dm! molF1 at room temperature and

pressure/;ekiranya nombor avogadro diwakili oleh huru1 6" apakah bilangan -arah gas hidrogen"H 2 dengan isipadu molarnya ialah 2 dm 7 mol * pada suhu dan tekanan piawai )

' 6 < 2x% x2

) 1 x2

22. ' dibase acid, (2C has the concentration o* .5 mol dmF!

=etter C is not the actual s$mbol o* the element. hat is the olume o* potassium

h$droxide, ?O(, 1. mol dmF! that can neutrali@e 25.cm! o* the (2C acid solution/ 4sid dwibes" H 2 D mempunyai kepekatan &.# mol dm 7.Huru1 D bukan merupakan symbol sebenar bagi unsur. 4pakah isipadu bagi kaliumhidroksida" E(H" *.& mol dm 7 yang boleh meneutralkan 2#.& cm 7 larutan asid H 2 D )

' 6.25 cm!

< 12.5 cm!

% 25. cm!

) 5. cm!

2!. hich o* the *ollo&ing reactants produces the highest rate o* reaction &ith @inc po&der/?anakah antara berikut bahan tindakbalas yang menghasilkan kadar tindakbalas yang

tinggi bagi serbuk -ink )

' 25 cm! o* sulphuric acid .1 mol dmF!

< 25 cm! o* ethanoic acid .1 mol dmF!

% 25 cm! o* nitric acid .1 mol dmF!

) 25 cm! o* h$drochloric acid .1 mol dm F!



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24. )iagram 2 sho&s three t$pes o* substances.Rajah 2 menunjukkan tiga jenis bahan

)iagram 2

hich o* the *ollo&ing is true about the substance in )iagram 2/Iang manakah berikut adalah benar bagi bahan pada Rajah 2)

. he number o* particles in gas is !x6M2x12!

Bilangan -arah didalam gas 9 ialah 76$K&26*& 27

. 'll the substances hae onl$ 6M2x12! particles;emua bahan mempunyai hanya $K&26*& 27 -arah

. he number o* particles in liuid is less than in gas .Bilangan -arah didalam larutan F adalah kurang berbanding gas 9.

>. he number o* particles in solid J is t&o times greater than in liuid .Bilangan -arah dalam pepejal I ialah dua kali ganda berbanding larutan F.

' and onl$< and > onl$

% , and > onl$) , and > onl$.

25. hich o* the *ollo&ing gases contains M4 mol o* atoms at room temperature andpressure/?anakah antara gasgas berikut mengandungi &. mol atom pada suhu bilik dantekanan piawai )D1 mol o* gas occupies the olume o* 24 dm! at room temperature and pressureL[* mol gas memenuhi isipadu sebanyak 2 dm 7 pada suhu bilik dan tekanan piawai%

' 4M dm! (e

< 4M dm! (2

% 4M dm! O!

) 4M dm! %O2



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26. he *ollo&ing euation sho&s the decomposition reaction o* copper"# carbonate&hen heated at room temperature and pressure.,ersamaan berikut menunjukkan penguraian bagi tindakbalas kuprum<AA= karbonatapabila dipanaskan pada suhu bilik dan tekanan piawai.

%u%O! %uO %O2

hich o* the *ollo&ing is !ot true &hen 1 mol o* copper "# carbonate isdecomposed/Jang mana;ah antara beri;ut tida; benar apabila 1 mol ;uprum"# ;arbonatdiurai;an /D0elatie atomic mass: %+12, O+16, %u+64 and 1 mol o* gas occupies the olume o* 24 dm! at room temperature and pressure.L[Disim atom relative '5*2+ (5*$ dan * mol gas memenuhi isipadu 2 dm 7 padasuhu dan tekanan piawai%

' 1 mol o* copper"# oxide is *ormed* mol kuprum<AA= oksida terbentuk

< 1 molecule o* carbon dioxide gas is gien o** * molekul gas karbon dioksida dibebaskan.

% g copper"# oxide is *ormed8&g kuprum<AA= oksida terbentuk

) 24 dm! o* carbon dioxide gas is gien o** 2 dm 7 gas karbon dioksida dibebaskan.

27. )iagram 1! sho&s the neutrali@ation reaction bet&een a strong acid and a strongal;ali.Rajah *7 menunjukkan tindakbalas penenutralan diantara asid kuat dan alkali kuat.

)iagram 1!

hat is the olume o* the al;ali needed to produced 1M4625 g o* salt/ 4pakah isipadu alkali yang diperlukan bagi menghasilkan *.$2#g garam )

D0elatie atomic mass: -a+2!, %l+!5M5, (+1, O+16L [Disim atom relati13a527" 'l57#.#" H5*" (5*$%

' M5 cm!

< M25 cm!

% 5M cm!

) 25M cm!



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2. n an experiment, 2M4 g o* magnesium po&der is added to 1 cm! o* 2M mol dm! copper"# sulphate solution.he temperature o* the mixture increases b$ 1M %.hat is the heat o* reaction in the experiment/Cidalam satu eksperimen" 2.g serbuk magnesium ditambahkan kepada *&& cm7

larutan kuprum<AA= sul1at 2.& mol dm7

4pakah haba tindakbalas bagi eksperimen tersebut)

D;peci1ic heat capacity o1 a solution 5 K2 D g *& ' *+ Relative atomic mass o1 ?g 5 2% [?uatan haba tentu larutan 5 K2 D g *& ' *+ Disim atom relati1 bagi ?g 5 2%

' FM42 ;C molF1< FM4 ;C molF1% F4M2 ;C molF1) F4M ;C molF1

29. ropane burns completel$ in ox$gen according to the euation sho&n belo&.,ropana terbakar dengan lengkap dalam oksigen mengikut persamaan dibawah.

%!( "g# 5O2 "g# !%O2 "g# 4(2O <l=

* 1. mole o* propane gas is burnt completel$, &hich olume o* gaseous product isobtained, measured at room temperature and pressure /;ekiranya *.& mol gas propana terbakar dengan dengkap" manakah isipadu gasyang dihasilkan" diukur pada suhu bilik dan tekanan )

' .1 dm! % 2.4 dm!

< .! dm! ) 7.2 dm!

!. ' mixture containing 1 mole o* ethane and 4 mole o* ox$gen is ignited, in a sealedcontainer at 1 %. he reaction occurring is sho&n b$ the euation belo&.'ampuran yang mengandungi * mol ethane dan mol o6ygen dinyalakan didalambekas yang tertutup pada suhu *&& & ' . 0indakbalas terbentuk ditunjukkan pada persamaan dibawah.

%2(4 "g# !O2 "g# 2%O2 "g# 2(2O "g#

hat &as the total number o* moles o* gas at the end o* the reaction/ 4pakah jumlah bilangan mol bagi gas pada akhir tindakbalas )

' 2 % 4< ! ) 5



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A%T&'&T ; + TRU%TURED @UET&O/

1. )iagram aboe sho&s the structural *ormula o* aspirin.Rajah menunjukkan 1ormula struktur bagi 1ormula aspirin

"a# hat is the molecular *ormula o* aspirin/ 4pakah 1ormula molekul bagi aspirin )

"b# hat is the molecular mass o* aspirin/Gse the in*ormation that the relatie atomic mass o* ( + 1, % + 12 and O + 16. 4pakah jisim molekul bagi aspirinunakan maklumat dimana jisim atom relative bagi H5*" '5*2 dan (5*$.



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[4nswer <a= ' @H 8 ( <b= *8& % 2. he ionic euation *or the precipitation reaction o* siler chloride is:

,ersamaan ion bagi tindakbals pemendakan argentums klorida adalah

A"C(a) C %l5(a) A"%l(s)

hat is the number o* moles o* 'g ions that reacted &ith %lF ions/ 4pakah bilangan mol bagi ion 4g > yang bertindakbalas dengan ion 'l )

[4nswer &.&*2# mol%

7. hen 1cm! o* .5 mol dmF! sodium sulphate solution is added to excess lead"#

nitrate solution, a &hite precipitate lead"# sulphate is *ormed. 4pabila *& cm7 larutan natrium sul1at &.# mol dm 7 ditambah kepada larutan plumbum<AA= nitrat berlebihan" mendakan putih terbentuk.

i. rite the chemical euation *or the reaction.0ulis persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas tersebut.

ii. )escribe the chemical euation in "!#"i#.,erihalkan persamaan di <7=<i=



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iii. %alculate the number o* mole o* sodium sulphate in the solution.Hitungkan bilangan mol natrium sul1at didalam larutan

i. %alculate the mass o* precipitate *ormed.

Iien that the relatie atomic mass o* O+16, +!2, b+27.Hitung jisim mendakan yang terbentuk.Ciberikan jisim atom relative bagi (5*$" ;572" ,b52&:

[4nswer <i= ,b<3(7 =2 > 3a2 ;( ,b;( > 23a3(7

<ii= * mole lead<AA= nitrate reacts with * mole o1 sodium sulphate to produce

* mole o1 lead<AA= sulphate and 2 moles o1 sodium nitrate<iii= &.&&# mol <iv= *.#*#g %



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. %hemical euation belo& sho&s ho& a nitrogen dioxide is conerted into nitric acid.,ersamaan kimia dibawah menunjukkan bagaimana nitrogen dioksida ditukarkankepada asid nitrik

4-O "g# 2(2O "l# !O2 4(-O! "a#

%alculate :Hitung

"a# he number o* mole o* nitrogen"# oxide, -O.Bilangan mol bagi nitrogen<AA= oksida" 3(.

"b# he maximum mass o* nitric acid &hich can be produce *rom 72 dm ! o*nitrogen"# oxide, -O at room temperature and pressure.Disim maksima asid nitric yang dihasilkan daripada :2& dm7 nitrogen<AA=

okside"3( pada suhu bilik dan tekanan.



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[ 4nswer <a= 7& mol <b= *8@&g %

Chemistry (The Mole)

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