Chemistry-Standards#63-Describe the importance of studying

fundamental chemistry as it relates to cosmetology

#64Define organic, inorganic chemistry, matter and composition of elements, compounds and mixtures

#65-Define acids and alkalies and be able to chart cosmetic chemicals on PH scale

Opening ActivityDivide into groups of 4Write down everything they did between

waking up this morning and getting to schoolUpon completion of the list-check off the

activity that involved chemistryExample: brush teeth-chemistry of water

chemistryMatter-Anything that occupies space, has

physical and chemical properties and exists as either a solid, liquid, or gas

ElementsComposed of a single part or unitCannot be reduced to simpler substanceThere are 90 naturally occurring elementsThere are 22 more elements that are made

artificially. All matter in the universe is made up of one or more of these 90 elements

They are identified by a letter symbol. Examples:

ATOMS

The smallest particle of an element capable of showing the properties of the element.

MoleculesResult of two or more atoms of the same element that are united chemically

Compound molecules

Chemical compounds of two or more atoms of different elements.

States of MatterAll matter exists in three different physical

forms, solid, liquid or gas. Matter takes on one of these forms or states depending on its temperature

Solids-Have definite shapeLiquid-Have definite volume and weight, but

not definite shape (water)Gases- Do not have definite volume or shape

(steam)

Physical and Chemical PropertiesPhysical properties-Those characteristics

determined without a chemical reaction; do not cause a chemical change in the identity of a substance

ColorOdorWeightDensitySpecific GravityMelting PointBoiling PointHardness

Chemical PropertiesThose characteristics than can only be

determined with a chemical reaction and cause a chemical change in the identity of a substance.

Examples: rusting iron

Physical ChangeChanges the form without forming a new

substanceExample: solid ice melts and becomes water

Chemical ChangeA new substance or substances are formed

having properties different from the original.Wood into charcoalPermanent hair color. Oxidation develops

the dye in the color and creates a chemical change in the hair. The oxidation causes a chemical change in both the hair color product and the structure of the hair

PURE SUBSTANCESMatter with a fixed chemical composition,

definite proportions, and distinct propertiesElemental molecules-Two or more atoms

united physicallyChemical compounds-Combinations of two or

more atoms of different elements united chemically with a fixed chemical composition, definite proportions and distinct properties.

PHYSICAL MIXTURESA SUBSTANCE MADE UP OF ELEMENTS

COMBINED PHYSICALLY THAT THAN CHEMICALLY

Example: Concrete is a mixture of sand, gravel and cement, sand and gravel are held together by the cement, they retain their identity

SolutionA blended mixture of two or more solids,

liquids, or gaseous substancesSolute- the dissolved substance in a solutionSolvent-the substance, usually liquid, which

dissolves another substance to form a solution, with no change in chemical composition

Example: kool-aid-solute

MiscibleMutually soluble, can be mixed together

without separatingExample: alcohol and water

ImmiscibleNot capable of being mixedExample: oil and water

SuspensionA state in which solid particles are

distributed throughout a liquid medium. They have a tendency to separate over time;

Example: salad dressing

EmulsionA mixture of two or more

immiscible substances united with the aid of a binder or emulsifier. They have a tendency to separate over time, but if properly formulated can be stable for at least 3 years.

SurfactantsSubstances that act as a bridge to allow oil

and water to mix, or emulsify. A contraction for “surface active agent”

Other Physical MixturesOintments-semisolid mixtures made with any

combination of petrolatum, oil, and wax include pastes, pomades, and styling waxes

Powders-A physical mixture of two solids. Free-flowing powders are rarely found in cosmetics; Powders that tend to stick together such as talc, are more common

reviewDefine chemistryWhy is a basic understanding of chemistry important?What is the difference between organic and inorganic

chemistryWhat are atoms?What are elements?What are the chemical and physical properties of

matter?What is the difference between physical and chemical

changesDescribe the three states of matter

Explain elements, compounds, and mixturesWhat is the difference between solutions,

suspensions, and emulsionsDefine pH and the pH scaleExplain the difference between oxidation and

reduction reactions