Chemistry I 3rd Quarter Exam Review

Laws and TheoriesStates of MatterChemical and Physical ChangesElements and MixturesDalton – atom; Rutherford – gold foil, nucleusCounting elements in compoundsSubatomic Particles and purposeCounting P, E, and N in atoms and ionsIsotopes (neutrons change); Ions (electrons change)

Chemistry I 3rd Quarter Exam Review

Groups and their propertiesBinary compoundsNaming compounds (polyatomics) Type I – metal & nonmetal, no split box Type II- metal & nonmetal, split box, use I, II, III Type III – both nonmetals, use prefixesNaming ionsFormulas when given nameScientific notation

Chemistry I 3rd Quarter Exam Review

Metric Units – KHDBDCMMass, volume units and mL = cc = cm3

Significant FiguresRounding numbersConversionsDensity (D = m/v)Molar massEmpirical formulas – change g to mol then divide by the smallest mol, then mult to get whole #Balancing Equations

Chemistry I 3rd Quarter Exam Review

Driving forces in reactions -formation of a solid -formation of a gas -formation of water

Strong electrolyte – a substance that, when dissolved in water, produces a solution that conducts electric current very well.

Chemistry I 3rd Quarter Exam Review

Predicting productsNitrate groups are water soluble!Inside / outside groupings

Naming reactions – synthesis, precipitation, acid-base, oxidation-reduction.

When an acid and base react, water always forms from the H (acid) and OH (base).

Chemistry I 3rd Quarter Exam Review

Mol / mol equations – use coefficients

Theoretical yields [actual / theoretical X 100]

Wavelength the distance between two waves

Ground state = lowest, possible energy state of an atom.

Orbitals and principal energy level (valence)

Chemistry I 3rd Quarter Exam Review

Principal energy level = valence electrons “A” group numbers

Electron configurations (s,p,d,f)

Water – universal solvent due to it being a polar molecule.

Making compounds – ionic = metal + nonmetal - covalent = both nonmetals

Chemistry I 3rd Quarter Exam Review

Lewis structures – especially negative ions