Chemical tracers of shelf derived waters in the Arctic Ocean Matthew B. Alkire Polar Science Center...
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![Page 1: Chemical tracers of shelf derived waters in the Arctic Ocean Matthew B. Alkire Polar Science Center Applied Physics Laboratory University of Washington.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e9e5503460f94b9f4b8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chemical tracers of shelf derived waters in the Arctic Ocean
Matthew B. AlkirePolar Science Center
Applied Physics LaboratoryUniversity of Washington
NABOS CruiseAug. – Sept. 2013
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Some useful chemical tracers
• Salinity• Iodine-129• d18O• O2
• NO3
• NO3:PO4
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Carmack et al. (2008)
“Tracers” can help us to visualizeand track changes incirculationof separatewater types
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129I @ sfc
Karcher et al (2012)Smith et al. (1998)
1990
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129I @ sfc
2004
Karcher et al(2012)
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Greenland
EastSiberianSea
LaptevSea
Kara Sea
BarentsSea
ChukchiSea
RUSSIAUSA
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Shelf Processes
Carmack & Wassmann (2006)
River runoff
Sea ice
Carbon & nutrient cycling
Modify waters on the shelf
Nutrientcycling
Chemical fingerprints
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Steele & Boyd (1998)
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brine: negative d18O (16O rich)sea ice: positive d18O (18O rich)
16O16O 16O
16O
16O
18O 18O
18O18O
18O18O 18O
18O
16O
18O
18O
16O
16O16O
16O
sea ice
seawater + brine
(18O:16O)water = 1:1,
(18O:16O) ice = 3:1,
(18O:16O) water ~ 1:2,
Water column
freeze
melt
H218O versus H2
16O
16O > 18O isotopically light
18O > 16O isotopically heavy
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Sea-ice melt
Meteoric water(precip., river runoff, glacial melt)
Atlantic water
ice melt
ice formation/brine release
Where would you expect shelf waters to plot on this graph?
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Bauch et al.(2009)
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Bauch et al.(2009)
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Station 87°N, 180 (NPEO 2012)
Advantage of O2 & NO3?
106 CO2 + 16 HNO3 + H3PO4 + 78 H2O = C106H175O42N16P + 150 O2
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Alkire et al. (2010)
Can you identify theshelf water signature?
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Redfield
Air-sea exchange
denitrification
N2 fixation
Mixing and/or convection?
Station 87°N, 180 (NPEO 2012)
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What’s going on here? Canada Basin, 2008
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Makarov Basin
Amundsen Basin
NO = (9 x NO3) + O2
A minimum in NO has classically beenused to identify lower halocline water
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Jones et al. (2003)
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Freshwater in the Arctic
• River runoff• Pacific inflow through
Bering Strait• Precipitation• Glacial melt• Groundwater
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Nishino et al. (2013)
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Itoh et al. (2007)
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Convective or “Fram StraitBranch” halocline water
Advective or “Barents SeaBranch” halocline water
Rudels et al. (2004)
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Cyclonic years Anticyclonic years
Yamamoto-Kawai et al. (2005)
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How will this picture change in the future?
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What makes shelves special?
• River runoff• Sea ice formation
(e.g., polynyas)• Biological production• Organic matter
respiration
• Halocline formation• Mixing• Carbon