Overview

Introduction

Radiation Processing

RD Products in Malaysian

Nuclear

Agency

Recycling of Rubber

Conclusions

Blending

Compatibilization

Electron beam irradiation

NICSTAR 2018,

5-7 March 2018, Mumbai, India

Radiation Processing

• Radiation Sterilization

• Radiation Crosslinking

• Radiation Grafting

• Radiation Degradation

Irradiation Facility at Nuclear Malaysia

Electron Beam

Accelerator

Commercial Gamma

Radiation Facility

Electron Beam

Radiation

Facility

Gamma

Radiation

Vulcanization

of Rubber

Latex Curetron

UV line

R&D PRODUCTS & PROCESS

2015 2010 2007 2004 2000 1998 1990

RVNRL

Radiation

formation of micro

and nanoparticles

of natural

polymers

Oligochitosan

Plant Growth

Promoter

ENR-Si nano

hybrid

Agrofibers

polymer

composites

NR-

Nanomagnetic

particle

composites

NR-

Thermoplastic

Nanoclay

composites

Excellent Clarity/Transparency

Biodegradable Films

Recycling NR

waste

Radiation X-

linking of wire

and cable

insulator

Radiation curing

of nano

composite coating

Radiation

processing of

NR-PP, NR-PE

blends, etc

Radiation

Grafting of

Membrane

Radiation X-

linking of

nanoclay EVA-

NR, PP, ect

Palm oil acrylate

UV curable Over

Print Varnishes

(OPV)

Pressure

Sensitive

Adhesive (PSA)

Radiation

curing of

surface coating

on cemboard

and parquet

Production of

functionalization

Carbon Nano

Tube

Radiation for

wastewater

treatment

Grafting

material for

environment

application

Hyper-branced

palm oil

acrylate

Micro-and

Nano-

gel/particles

from Radiation

Cross-linkable

Palm Oil

Radiation Processing

Rad.

processing of

sago hydrogel

Sago biofilm

/biofoam

Radiation

processing of

ENR-PVC

blend

PVC radiation

compatible

tubing

UV curable hard

amour panel

(Ballistic

application

Radiation curing

of coatings of

woods,

cemboards,

Radiation

processing heat

shrinkable

materials

Radiation

processing of

PE, HDPE,

LDPE, EVA,

PVC

Radiation

processing of

chitosan and

chitosan

derivatives

Hybrid nano

composite -

river protex and

aquacage

electrospun

PVC/natural

rubber nano

fibre

Natural Rubber Latex (RVNRL) Finger Coat

Pilot Plant Production of Palm Oil Acrylate Resin

and Overprint Varnish (OPV) from Oil Palm

Production of coating

material resin from oil

palm

EB Processing: Crosslinking and

Sterilization

Passing through electron beam at 25KGy.

Product Irradiated For Crosslinking To Form Hydrogel And At The Same Time Sterilized

Hydrogel

FACIAL MASK

A pilot scale production of radiation processed oligochitosan

12

Mixing Collection

Oligochitosan as

Plant Growth Promoter

12 days after

transplant

Treated with

commercial products

Treated with

oligochitosan

10cm 13cm

Commercial Oligochitosan

Enhance root growth

EB crosslinking of wires and cables

Radiation crooslinkable TPE COMPOUNDS

Product extrusion

process Weather

strips

Electron beam

Irradiation

Compounding process

TPE waste

rubber compound

Weather strip

door

Weather strip

hood

Weather strip

trunk lid

Quarter window

Glass run

channel

Edge

protector

Tailgate glass windshield Body side

molding

MOSTI Special Fund SFKHAS03-01-005 (2015-2016)

Radiation Compatible Thermoplastic Elastomers

(TPEs) for HealthCare Industry

Malaysian Patent Filing PI 2015702539 ( 3rd Aug 2015) Novelty

Injection Moulding-

Collaborator

Compounding- Collaborator

Compound in

granule form

Finished Products

20

7 July 2018 21

TPE Compounds/Injection Molded Products

Radiation Processing of

Natural Polymer &

Nanomaterials 2010 – 2020

IAEA Collaborating Centre

Radiation Processing of Natural

Polymer 2006 – 2009

IAEA TC

• IAEA/TC MAL 8022- Establishing a Laboratory

for the Application of Radiation in

Nanotechnology, 2009 – 2011

• IAEA/TC MAL/1010 - Development of green

materials and processes using ionizing radiation

and nanomaterials for environmental

remediation 2012 -2014

• IAEA/TC MAL/1015-Radiation Processing of

Waste Polymeric Materials 2016-2017

Overall objective To develop value added waste polymers for industrial

applications in support with National Solid Waste

Management objectives and National Green Technology

Policy

Create new applications for recycle waste polymers which

have great advantages to the economic and environmental.

Hard to dispose

homes & breeding

grounds for

disease-spreading

vectors.

Danger of self-

sustaining

fires that cause

air and water

pollution

Scarp polymers

increasing every

year

OV

ER

CO

ME

Nitrile Butadiene Rubber(NBR)

NBR is a synthetic rubber copolymer of acrylonitrile and butadiene.

Its general properties are:-

• More resilient than natural rubber

• Resistant to oil and fuel

• Lower flexibility and strength than that of natural rubber

NBR are generally used for:-

• Protective gloves

• Adhesives

• Footwear

• Fuel and oil hoses

Ethylene Vinyl acetate (EVA

EVA is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate.

excellent ozone resistance

weather resistance

mechanical properties

halogen-free

Specific Objectives

• To study the effect electron beam irradiation on the properties of EVA/r-NBR blends.

• To study effect of radiation sensitisers and compatibilisers on the compatibility of 50/50 EVA/r-NBR blends upon Electron Beam Irradiation.

Methodology

EVA Reclaimed Rubber

Internal mixer

Compression molding

Testing

Electron beam irradiation

Compatibilizers APS, LR, MAEVA

Radiation sensitizers

TMPTA, TPGDA, HVA2

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Tensile strength

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 50 100 150 200 250

Te

nsil

e S

tren

gth

(M

Pa

)

Dose(kGy)

Fig 1: Effect of irradiation on the Ts of r-NBR/EVA blends

0%r-NBR

10% r-NBR

20%r-NBR

30%r-NBR

40%r-NBR

50%r-NBR

60%r-NBR

Gel fraction

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 50 100 150 200 250

Ge

l C

on

ten

t(%

)

Dose(kGy)

Fig 2: Effect of irradiation on the gel fraction of r-NBR/EVA blends

0% r-NBR 10% r-NBR

20%r-NBR 30% r-NBR

40% r-NBR 50% r-NBR

60% r-NBR

Tensile strength

Fig 4 : Effect of additives on the Ts of 50/50 r-

NBR/EVA blends

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Ten

sile

str

en

gth

(M

Pa)

Radiation dose (kGy)

NIL

5APS

TMPTA

TPGDA

HVA2

Gel fraction

Fig 6: Effect of additives on the gel fraction of 50/50 r-NBR/EVA

blends

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 50 100 150 200 250

Ge

l co

nte

nt

(%)

Radiation dose (kGy)

Control

5APS

TMPTA

TPGDA

HVA2

EVA/r-NBR blends

EVA/r-NBR

SEM micrographs-APS

Figure 9 : Effect of APS on the fractured surface of

EVA/rNBR blends

voids

(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxy silane (APTES)

40%r-NBR

100% EVA

Tg r-NBR

Tg of EVA

Figure 12 : Effect of r-NBR on the Tan delta curves of EVA.

TAN CURVES OF EVA/r-NBR BLENDS

3.29°C

2.62°C

2.55°C

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Ta

n D

elta

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40

Temperature (°C)

50-50 EVA-NBR 0KGy––––––– 50-50 EVA-NBR-APS 0KGy––––––– 50-50 EVA-NBR-DCP 0KGy–––––––

Universal V4.5A TA Instruments

Tg of EVA

Tg of r-NBR

Figure 13 : Effect of APS and DCP on the Tan delta curves of

50/50 EVA/rNBR blends

TAN CURVES OF EVA/r-NBR BLENDS (0kGy)

5.11°C

3.71°C

3.21°C

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Tan

Del

ta

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40

Temperature (°C)

50-50 EVA-NBR 100KGy––––––– 50-50 EVA-NBR-APS 100KGy––––––– 50-50 EVA-NBR-DCP 100KGy–––––––

Universal V4.5A TA Instruments

Tg of EVA

Tg of r-NBR

Figure 14 : Effect of irradiation on the Tan delta curves of 50/50

EVA/rNBR in the presence of APS and DCP.

TAN CURVES OF EVA/r-NBR BLENDS (100kGy)

(1) EVA – EVA crosslinking

E → E• (EVA radical)

E• + E• → E – E (EVA self-crosslinking)

(2) rNBR – rNBR crosslinking

R → R• (rNBR radical)

R• + R• → R – R (rNBR self-crosslinking)

(3) EVA – rNBR crosslinking

E• + R• → E – R (EVA – rNBR crosslinking)

CONCLUSIONS

Addition of r-NBR to EVA decreases the mechanical

properties of the EVA/r-NBR blends

Additivity effect of the r-NBR

Poor compatibility of the EVA/r-NBR blend obtained

Electron Beam irradiation improves the Mechanical properties

of the EVA/r-NBR due to irradiation-induced crosslinking of the

EVA.

Additives used in this study improve the compatibility of the

blend.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

• Ministry of Education (MOE),

Malaysia, for Granting this work

under FRGS

(FRGS/2/2014/TK04/MOSTI/02/1

• Radiation Processing of Waste

Polymeric Materials 2016-2017

THANK YOU

Chantara@nuclearmalaysia.gov.my